Transcript Document
Geothermal Energy in Colorado
Paul Morgan Colorado Geological Survey for the
Colorado Rural Electric Association Energy Innovations Summit 2013
October 28, 2013, Denver, Colorado
Geo
thermal:
Earth
-
heat
Direct Use
– direct use of Earth’s heat as heat Spas, greenhouse heating, district heating…
Geosource Heat Pumps
– Earth is used as thermal mass for heating and/or cooling
Power generation
– convert Earth’s heat into another form of energy, usually electricity
Direct Use Under-Developed in Colorado
Americulture
: Animas Valley New Mexico Main product: Tilapia fingerlings
The Greenest MW is the MW not generated
Eurofresh:
Willcox Arizona Main product: Gourmet tomatoes & other salad vegetables
Power Generation
Although other schemes have been suggested, geothermal power is currently produced by using geothermal heat to vaporize a fluid which drives a turbine which rotates a generator The simplest system uses dry steam Dry steam is rare
Binary Power Plant
Most newer systems are binary power plants
Soda Lake II, Nevada, 12 MW
Chena Hot Springs, Alaska, 400 kW Binary Water-Cooled Geothermal Power Plant Source: Chena Hot Springs Resort
Environmental Benefits of Binary Geothermal Systems
• No emissions: – No NO x , SO 2 , CO x , particulate matter, etc.
• Minimal water use with air-cooled or direct water-cooled plants • No impact on water quality • Minimal land use: – Subsidence and seismicity mitigated by reinjection – Can be made to blend in with surroundings
Geothermal Energy in Colorado
Colorado Interpretive Geothermal Gradient Map
>50 ° C/km or >2.7
° F/100 ft
Concluding Remarks
• Three basic flavors of geothermal use: – Direct-use: Long history in Colorado, but under developed in terms of full potential • Heat pumps: – Potential just being recognized: domestic, state, retail buildings; the no-brainer clean energy solution • Geothermal power generation: – Colorado’s new frontier – first deep wells will probably be drilled in 2014
THANK YOU
Acknowledgements: This work benefitted from conversations and corrections from many colleagues in the Colorado Geological Survey, the Division of Water Resources, the Governor’s Energy Office, and Pioneer natural Resources. Matt Sares, Hal Macartney, Francisco Flores and Kevin Rein have been particularly helpful. Partial funding has been received in contracts from the Department of Energy through the Colorado Governor’s Energy Office and the National Geothermal Database System Project through the Arizona Geological Survey. For Further Information http://geosurvey.state.co.us/ Energy Resources Geothermal Paul Morgan tel: 303 384 2648 e-mail: [email protected]