Transcript US&R WMD Enhanced Operations

National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
National Urban Search & Rescue Response
System Enhanced Operations
In The Contaminated Environment
October 2012
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Module 2:
The
Operational
Environment
Version 1
MOD 2-2
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Terminal Objective
Upon completion of this module,
students will be able to describe the
US&R operations in a contaminated
environment.
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MOD 2-3
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Enabling Objectives:
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2-1 Discuss prior Terrorist Events
2-2 Describe the Hazards and Properties of
Chemical Agents
2-3 Describe the Hazards and Properties of
Biological Agents
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MOD 2-4
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Enabling Objectives (cont)
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2-4 Describe the Hazards and Properties
of Radiological Materials
2-5 Describe the Hazards of Nuclear
Events
2-6 Describe the Hazards of Incendiaries/
Explosives
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MOD 2-5
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Overview
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Terrorist activities
 CBRNE Events that we may respond to
 Situational Awareness
Version 1
MOD 2-6
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Ahmed Ressam
Bin Laden
Benjamin
Smith
Richard Reid
Bagwan Shree
Rajneesh
Timothy McVeigh
Buford O. Furrow Jr.
Eric Robert Rudolph
Version 1
Theodore
Kazyinski
Shokoro Ashahara
MOD 2-7
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Times Square Bomb
5-1-2010
Version 1
MOD 2-8
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Virginia Tech
Version 1
MOD 2-9
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Version 1
MOD 2-10
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Madrid
Version 1
MOD 2-11
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
London
Version 1
MOD 2-12
Skinheads
Environmental
Nationalist
Right-Wing
Racist
Aryan
Movement
Anarchists
Al Qaeda
Leaderless
Resistance
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Terrorism
Is and always has been . . . a form of warfare.
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MOD 2-14
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
CASUALTY-PRODUCING
ABILITIES
Selective Targets
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MOD 2-15
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Terrorism
Both the target and the type of weapon
used are chosen for a purpose.
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MOD 2-16
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Psychological Effects
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MOD 2-17
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Achieving victory in every battle is not
absolute perfection; neutralizing an
adversary’s force
without battle is absolute perfection.
--Sun Tzu, The Art of War
Version 1
MOD 2-18
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Version 1
MOD 2-19
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Threat Levels
Imminent Threat Alert
Warns of a credible, specific, and impending terrorist
threat against the United States.
Elevated Threat Alert
Warns of a credible terrorist threat against the United
States.
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MOD 2-20
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
US&R Operations in the CBRNE
Environment
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Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Nuclear
Explosive
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MOD 2-21
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
TF Members Actions
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Recognize
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Signs
Symptoms
Indicators
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Avoid
 Isolate
 Notify
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MOD 2-22
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Emergency Considerations
Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical
Psychological
Distance
Time
Shielding
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MOD 2-23
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Chemical Agents
 Categories of chemical agents
 Evaluating signs/indicators
 Influencing factors
Version 1
MOD 2-24
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Categories of Chemical Agents
 Nerve agents
 Blister agents
 Choking agents
 Blood agents
 Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs)
 Irritants
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MOD 2-25
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Nerve Agent Signs and Symptoms
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S-Salivation, Secretion, Sweating, Seizure
L-Lacrimation
U-Urination
D- Defecation, Diarrhea
G- Gastrointestinal
E-Emesis
M-Miosis (Pinpointing of pupils)
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MOD 2-26
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Nerve Agent Signs and Symptoms
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D- Diaphoresis, Diarrhea
U- Urination
M- Miosis (Pinpointing of pupils)
B- Bradycardia,
Bronchorrhea,Bronchospasm
E - Emesis
L- Lacrimation
S- Salavation, Secretion, Sweating, Seizure
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MOD 2-27
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Blister Agents Signs and Symptoms
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Red burning skin and blisters
Sore throat and dry cough
Pulmonary edema
Memory loss
Coma and seizures
Some symptoms may be delayed for 2 - 24
hours
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MOD 2-28
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Choking Agents Signs and Symptoms
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Eye and airway irritation
Dizziness
Nausea
Headache
Painful cough
Tightness in chest
Pulmonary edema
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MOD 2-29
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Blood Agents Signs and Symptoms
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Dilated pupils
Rapid breathing and dizziness
Nausea, excessive salivation, and vomiting
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Convulsions
Pulmonary edema
Cherry red skin/lips
Respiratory arrest
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MOD 2-30
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Chemical Agents
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Influencing factors
 Weather
 Terrain
 Behavior of Chemical
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MOD 2-31
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Chemical Detection and Monitoring
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Multiple devices check various agents
 Various requirements
LCD 3.3
Draeger CDS
Version 1
M256A1 Kit
MOD 2-32
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Chemical Detection and Monitoring
MultiRae
MultiRae Pro
AreaRAE
Gamma Steel
RDK Host
Controller
RAELink 2
RAELink 3
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MOD 2-33
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Biological Agents
 Protecting yourself against biological
agents
 Meteorological considerations
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MOD 2-34
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Disseminating Biological Agents
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Ingestion
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Dermal exposure
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Vectors
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Aerosol
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MOD 2-35
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Biological Reference Chart (Appendix C-9)
Transmission
(person to
person)
Incubation
Lethality
Spores in
aerosol
No (except
cutaneous)
1-5 days
High
Unstable in
aerosols and
water
1 year in soil;
270 days in
bodies
Ingestion and
aerosol
Rare
12 hours to
6 days
Low with
treatment
Aerosol
High
1-3 days
High if
untreated
Tularemia
Months in
moist soil
Aerosol
No
1-10 days
Moderate if
untreated
Q Fever
Months
Ingestion and
aerosol
Rare
14-16 days
Very low
Agent
Persistency
Dissemination
Anthrax
Spores remain
viable in soil for
years
Cholera
Plague
Version 1
MOD 2-36
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Biological Reference Chart
(Appendix C-9)
Agent
Persistency
Disseminatio
n
Transmission
(person to
person)
Smallpox
Very stable
Aerosol
VEE
Unstable
Ebola
Unstable
Incubation
Lethality
High
10-12 days
Low
Aerosol and
infected
vectors
Low
1-6 days
Low
Contact and
aerosol
Moderate
4-16 days
Moderate to
high
Version 1
MOD 2-37
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Biological Reference Chart
(Appendix C-9)
Agent
Persistency
Dissemination
Transmission
(person to
person)
Incubation
Lethality
Botulinum
Toxin
Weeks
Ingestion and
aerosol
No
Hours to
days
High
T-2
Mycotoxins
Years
Ingestion and
aerosol
No
2-4 hours
Moderate
Ricin
Stable
Ingestion and
aerosol
No
Hours to
days
High
Staphylococal
Enterotoxin B
Resistant
to freezing
Ingestion and
aerosol
No
Hours
<1%
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MOD 2-38
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Introduction to Radiation
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Review of Ionizing Radiation
 Review or Introduction to Dosimetry
 Deployment of the UltraRadiac
 Responding to a Dosimeter Alarm
Version 1
MOD 2-39
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Nuclear/Radiological Incident
General Information
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Radiation can be detected with meters
Unlikely to find high levels distant from the source
Use meters to determine isolation area
Victims should not be sick or symptomatic on the
scene
 Exposure only does not require immediate gross
decontamination
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MOD 2-40
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Types of Ionizing Radiation
Provided by the Department of Energy, NsTec
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MOD 2-41
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Potential Radioactive Sources
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Use of radiological material in a terrorist
attack.
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Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD)
Radiological Exposure Device (RED)
Radiopharmaceuticals used in medicine
Industrial sources
Naturally occurring
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MOD 2-42
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Nuclear/Radiological Incident
 Time, distance, and shielding are
appropriate self-protective measures
 Equipment
Pancake
Detector
Ludlum Response Kit
FLIR
nanoRaider
Version 1
Canberra UltraRadiac
RadWatch
Radiation Monitor
Dosimeter
MOD 2-43
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Dosimetry
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MOD 2-51
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Radwatch
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You will be issued a radwatch at
the time of deployment.
The radwatch will measure your
radiation absorbed dose during
the deployment and must be worn
entire time.
The radwatch may be read during
the deployment if needed.
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MOD 2-52
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Units of Measure
Roentgen (R) – ionization of air by radiation
energy
R per hour (R/hr) is used on radiation survey
meters
Radiation Absorbed Dose (Rad) – a unit for
measuring absorbed dose in any material
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MOD 2-53
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Units of Measure
For gamma and x ray radiation, a common
“conversion factor” between exposure,
absorbed dose, and dose equivalent is:
1 R = 1 rad = 1 rem
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MOD 2-54
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Version 1
MOD 2-55
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Version 1
MOD 2-56
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Dosimetry:
Comparison of Doses
Chest x-ray
10-30 mrem
Flight LA to Paris
4.8 mrem
Detectable Blood Changes
10 rem
Radiation sickness symptoms
+/-100 rem
Lethal dose (LD 50)
+/-500 rem
Max. annual routine dose
Max. emergency dose (property)
Max. emergency dose (life saving)
Version 1
5 rem
10 rem
***25 rem
MOD 2-57
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Exposure Versus Contamination
External Exposure
Contamination
Contamination
External
Internal
Version 1
MOD 2-58
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Incendiary Device Awareness and
Response
Version 1
MOD 2-59
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Incendiary Devices
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US&R teams will likely
encounter incendiary devices
during pre-positioned
operations or as secondary
devices
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The catastrophic effects of the
9-11 incendiary attacks.
Version 1
MOD 2-60
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Common Formulations
May include:
–Molotov cocktail, ignitable liquids
–Napalm and/or “Poor man’s Napalm”
–Thermite
–Pyrophoric chemicals, eg. white
phosphorus
–Thickened Pyrophoric Agents (TPA)
Version 1
MOD 2-61
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Incendiary Device Recognition
• Victims with diffuse thermal burns
• Widespread or unusually intense fire
• Chemical odors and containers or fragments
Version 1
MOD 2-62
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Explosives
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High-intensity blast
Secondary hazards
Potential threats of
additional devices
Conditions likely to
effect ops
Version 1
MOD 2-63
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Why Target US&R Personnel?
 Search and Rescue essential service
 Cause overwhelming fear in the public
 Delay search and rescue efforts
 Instill fear in other responders
Version 1
MOD 2-64
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Summary
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Terrorist activities
 CBRNE Events that we may respond to
 Situational Awareness
Version 1
MOD 2-65
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Enhanced Operations in the Contaminated Environment
Review and Examination
Version 1
MOD 2-66