Transcript Document
Cracking the APA Code
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BQB JT IBSE, CVU OPU JNQPTTJCMF APA is hard, but not impossible.
What’s the code?
King, S. J., & Turner, D. S. (2000). Caring for adolescent females with anorexia.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32,
146 – 149. Retrieved from Health Source: Nursing Academic database.
APA learning curve
Gradual enlightenment
Eureka!
?
Why me?
# $ % ^ & !
APA 3:Why bother?
To credit other authors To allow readers to follow your research trail Dear Paula, Will coenzyme Q10 reduce wrinkles?
Regarding coenzyme Q10, there are only a handful of studies showing it to have any effect on wrinkles (Sources:
Biofactors
, September 1999, pages 371 –378, and Z
eitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatri
e, April 1999, pages 83 –88).
However, neither of these studies was a double-blind or placebo controlled trial…. "CoQ10 supplements are readily absorbed by the body and no toxic effects have been reported for daily dosages as high as 300 mg though the safety of CoQ10 has not been established in pregnancy and lactation, so caution is advised here until more data becomes available" (Sources:
International Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
, February 1998, pages 11 –12, and www.naturaldatabase.com) .
APA 3:Why bother?
Which is more helpful: http://www.cosmeticscop.com
Begoun, P. (2007, February). Question of the month.
Retrieved from Cosmetics Cop Web site: http://cosmeticscop.com/about/ question.asp?id=664
APA 3:Which is more credible?
Terrace, H. S., Petitto, L. A., Sanders, R. J., & Bever, T. G. (1979). Can an ape create a sentence?
Science , 206,
891-902.
Washoe: the signing chimp
grade Web site: . (n.d.) Retrieved February 5, 2005, from Mrs. Smith’s third http://www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/ classprojects.html
Best way to learn APA?
Understand the principles.
Find and follow a model.
Realize it’s an iterative process.
First Principle
If it’s not cited, it’s yours.
Over the past 30 years, researchers have demonstrated that the great apes . . . resemble humans in language abilities more than had been thought possible. Just how far that resemblance extends, however, has been a matter of some controversy. Conclusion drawn by the writer; no citation
Second Principle
If it’s cited, you must provide enough information to locate the source.
In an influential article, Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, and Bever (1979) argued that the apes in language experiments . . . were merely imitating their trainers. In-text citation points to reference list entry
Where do we find Terrace
et al?
Each
in-text citation
has a matching entry: In an influential article, Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, and Bever (1979) argued that the apes in language experiments… were merely imitating their trainers .
References Terrace, H. S., Petitto, L. A., Sanders, R. J.,& Bever, T. G. (1979). Can an ape create a sentence?
Science, 206,
891-902.
In-text cites match ref. list
.
In an influential article,
Terrace
, Petitto, Sanders, and Bever (1979) . . How would the second article, “Speaking to the Relatives,” be References Savage-Rumbaugh, S., & Lewin, R. (1995).
The ape at the brink of the human mind.
New York: John Wiley.
Tenebaum, D. (n.d.) Speaking to the relatives. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from Why Files Web site: http://whyfiles.org/058language/ ape_talk.html
Terrace,
H. S., Petitto, L. A., Sanders, R. J., & Bever, T. G. (1979). Can an ape create a sentence?
Science, 206,
891-902.
In-text cites match ref. list
Every in-text citation should have a matching reference list entry.
Exception:
works with
nonrecoverable
data, such as letters, emails, or interviews, are cited only in text. (T. Westbrook, personal communication, February 12, 2005)
Third Principle
Elements in an APA citation follow a predictable order.
Author. (Date). Retrieval information.
Retrieval information varies by format: Book Article Web site Other- TV show, computer program, Congressional testimony….
APA Logic: 3 —Order
Elements in an APA citation follow a predictable order
based on the format for a book: Barrett, D. (2007).
Waistland: The
AUTHOR
(r)evolutionary science behind our weight and fitness crisis
. New York: Norton.
DATE TITLE PLACE PUBLISHER
APA Logic: 3 —EBSCO
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Date). Title of article.
Title of Periodical, ##,
000-000. Retrieved from xxx database.
APA Logic: 3 —EBSCO
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Date). Title of article.
Title of Periodical, ##,
000-000. Retrieved from xxx database.
APA Logic: 3 —EBSCO
How do you turn raw data into an APA-style citation?
Sorenson, S. (1998). Studying the models.
How to write research papers
. Retrieved from Academic Search Elite database.
APA Logic: Creating citations
1.
2.
Follow the model: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Date). Title of article.
Title of Periodical, ##,
000-000.
Retrieved month day, year, from source.
Have EBSCO do it.
APA Logic: Use citation maker
3.
Remember, none are perfect: CitationMachine can’t handle sources with no authors.
You have to correct this:
APA without tears.
(2007). New York: Mythos.
APA Logic: Use citation maker
4.
BibMe.org will load info, but you need to • scan the perimeter • check the results.
Autism fact sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
(2008, July 21). Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/ detail_autism.htm
APA Logic: Using software
• • • You need to choose APA documentation style The type of source Note: EBSCO may be called an
electronic database
or a
subscription service.
Fill in the blanks with the information you have.
APA Logic: 3 —Omissions
Omit information you don’t have.
Usually go on to the next element.
If no author is given, the title becomes the first element in the citation.
Parenthetical citation
. . . ( “Washoe,” Introduction section).
Reference list entry
Washoe: the signing chimp
.
(n.d.) Retrieved February 5, 2005, from Mrs. Smith’s third grade Web site: http://www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/ classprojects.html
Where are citation makers?
Citation Machine (citationmachine.net) BibMe (bibme.org) EBSCO (choose APA format when emailing or printing)
APA 4: Find a model
See Strategies for Learning APA handout
What do I document?
Paraphrases —others’ ideas expressed in my words Quotations —others’ ideas expressed in their words and set off with “ ”
APA learning curve
Gradual enlightenment
Eureka!
?
Why me?
# $ % ^ & !