Transcript The Byzantine Empire Heirs of Rome

THE MIDDLE AGES
The Byzantine Empire
Heirs of Rome
Submitted to Gloucester Township
Public School by
Mr. C. Stephen Ingraham
10
CSI11
Social Studies Bk # ____
Full Name ___________________________
Mrs. Ross & Mr. Ingraham
Date _________________
Middle Ages Table of Contents
1.
Middle Ages Vocabulary
2.
Middle Ages Song
3.
“Justinian Looks to the Past” & “The Christian Church Divides”
4.
“Herders and Townspeople” & “Mohammad and Islam”
5.
“The Muslim Empire Grows” & “Divisions in The Muslim Empire”
6.
“Divisions of the “MIDDLE AGES”
7.
“Charlemagne builds an Empire” & “Life in the Middle Ages”
8.
“The Church and the Crusades’ & “ Disaster and Change”
9.
‘The Rise of the Nation-States”
10. “The Magna Carta”
Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
black plague – (AKA bubonic plague & black Death)a sickness causes by bites from fleas on rats.
contract – a written agreement (between the king & vassal).
crusades - Eight attempts by Christian volunteers to free the holy land from the Seljuk Turks who
were Muslim.
cultural diffusion - The spreading of new ideas to other places.
Dark Ages - The end of classical civilizations; An era of repression and unenlightenment from
500- 1000 CE.
dubbing ceremony - When a squire has completed his training and is proclaimed a mounted
man-at-arms, a knight
1
feudalism – The system of trading protection for loyalty.
Holy Land - The area around Jerusalem considered important to Christians.
Islam - The religion of Muslim, based on belief in one God, or Allah.
knight - A medieval gentleman-soldier raised by a sovereign to privileged military status.
lord - A man of high rank in feudal society, who owns a manor.
manor – a large block of land made up of forests, meadows, a church, a village, and the castle of
the noble who owned it all.
medieval – The time of Middle Ages in Europe from 500 CE. - 1,500 CE.
Magna Carta - The document that English nobles forced King John to sign in 1215, limiting the
king’s power and protecting the rights of people.
Muslim - A follower of Muhammad and Islam.
page - A boy who acted as a knight’s attendant or ceremonially employed as an attendant at court
pope – the leader of the Christian church based in Rome.
serfs – peasant farmers who worked the noble’s land. They were tied to the land of a Noble.
squire - A young man’s second step in training to become a medieval knight.
tenant – someone who pays rent to the landowner.
vassal – a noble who agrees to perform service for the king in time of war in exchange for use of
the land.
nation-state – a government with a strong central government, laws, single ruler, language,
customs, & standing army.
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Part 1 by C. Stephen Ingraham
Rome is gone, in the East its Byzantinum
In the West it has fallen apart
Fighting over icons the church divides into two parts.
In Constantinople Justinian, the emperor,
tries to recreate Roman glory
His wife, Theodora, champions women and the poor.
2
Muhammad worships the one god Allah
Founding Islam submitting to god’s will
Smashing statues in Mecca. The Muslims worship there still.
With more than one successor
Whose caliph? no one quite sure.
It doesn’t matter to the Sunni; the Shiites follow the fourth caliph.
Charlemagne and the Franks in France
try to recreate the empire’s western part,
but it becomes small kingdoms as Europe breaks apart.
The serfs live on a manor
Tenant farmers of a noble,
who was the vassal of a king, that’s the feudal system thing.
Sung to the Theme of “Gilligan’s Island”
The Middle Ages Song
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by C. Stephen Ingraham
The crusaders are off to the Holy Lands.
Fleas on rats bring the bubonic plague.
Small kingdoms form
Nation-States,
The Magna Carta
limits the king’s power,
More individual freedoms,
No one above the law,
That’s the Middle Ages.
2a
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Sung to the Theme of “Gilligan’s Island”
The Middle Ages Song Part 2
The Essential Questions –Middle Ages
What was life like during the Middle Ages?
What changes in life during this period result in the rise of the
middle class?
How did Christianity spread during this period?
How do established religions react when threatened?
Why do religions splinter and what effect does that have on
society?
How do political, economic, social, and cultural institutions and
events shape people’s way of thinking and lead to an
evolving society?
What were the effects of the Crusades on life in Europe?
How does the social structure of the Middle Ages compare to
urban and rural life in the present?
How do primary and secondary sources inform us about the
development and practices of society and government?
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I.
I.
A. Justinian I Looks to the Past
The Byzantine Empire
3
1.Constantine’s Roman capital of ____________ is located in the
Byzantine Empire which lasted almost 1000 years after the fall of Rome
2.By 565 Emperor Justinian I reconquered much of the old Roman Empire.
3. Improvements to the Empire
a) Justinian made a new set of laws called ___________________ which
simplified and updated the Roman Twelve Tables
b) He had silkworm eggs and mulberry trees smuggled out of China to end
their complete control, or ________________ , of the silk trade.
c) He started a building program of new churches, roads, bridges, & aqueducts
d) He had artists make magnificent paintings and _____________, or pictures
of bits of colored stone or glass.
C. The Christian Church Divides
1. Religion caused much disagreement and many bitter arguments.
a) In the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire people felt that _______, or
pictures of Jesus & the saints, were like worshipping idols.
b) In the West most the people could not read or write. So icons were thought
of a good way to teach Christianity.
2. The Byzantine church leaders, or _________ did not want people to use
Icons.
3. In 1054, the Christian Church split.(ending the Byzantine Empire)
a) The church of Rome became the Roman Catholic, or ________________
b) The church of Constantinople became the Eastern Orthodox Church.
The Roman Empire
The Mediterranean Sea
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Byzantine Empire
Atlantic
Ocean
Barbaric Tribes
EUROPE
Western Part of the
Black Sea
Roman Empire
ASIA
Mediterranean Sea
Byzantine Empire 622 CE
(Eastern Part of the Roman Empire)
AFRICA
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II.
II.
The Muslim Empire
A. Herders and Townspeople
4
1. The Arabian peninsula is two-thirds desert and the rest semi-dry,
grassy plains called ___________________.
2. Nomad Arab herders live in tribes raising camels, sheep, & goats and are led by
a ________________.
3. Towns formed on fertile spots with an underground water supply.
4. Mecca was the largest town to become a city.
a) There was no agriculture in the city, but it was an important stop on caravans
b) It had a religious cube-shaped building called the _______________, which
contained statues of the Arab gods.
B. Muhammad and Islam
1. In about 570 A.D. ________________________ was born in a poor, but
important family in Mecca.
2. In a vision the angel _________________ told him that he was a messenger to
humankind. This message was there is no god but God, or ______________.
3. All the messages Muhammad received are in a holy book called the ________.
4. A _______________ is a follower of Muhammad and believes the “Qur’an” is
god’s word. This religion becomes _______________ which means
“submitting to God’s Will”.
5. In 622 A.D. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but returns with other Arab tribes nine
years later and destroyed all the idols in the Ka’ba.
EUROPE
* Constantinople
Spain
ASIA
Syria
Persia
Palestine
Alexandria*
Arabia
* Medina
* Mecca
AFRICA
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EUROPE
* Constantinople
Spain
ASIA
Syria
Persia
Palestine
Alexandria*
Arabia
* Medina
* Mecca
AFRICA
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II.
II.
The Muslim Empire
C. The Muslim Empire Grows
5
1. After Muhammad death Muslim leaders chose a _____________, or
“successor” to Muhammad.
2. The first caliphs lead armies into Mesopotamia, Syria, and Egypt and were
welcomed because of the heavy taxes and religious persecution of the
Persian and Byzantine rulers.
3. By 750 A.D. the Muslim Empire reached from _______________ and North
Africa through Arabia and ________________ into parts of China and the
____________________ River Valley.
E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire
1. The ________________ family moved the Muslim capital from Medina to
Damascus, Syria.
2. The __________ family moved the capital in 750 CE. To Baghdad.
3. Descendants of Muhammad’s daughter set up another capital in
_________________, ____________.
4. The Muslim community split into several groups:
a) The _______________ accepted the changing dynasties.
b) The _______________ not wanting either the Umayyad or Abbasid
families as rulers, remained loyal to Ali the four caliph’s descendants.
Byzantine Empire
Atlantic
Ocean
Holy Roman Empire
Black Sea
EUROPE
ASIA
Mediterranean Sea
Islam around 1096 CE
AFRICA
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THE MIDDLE AGES
6
The High
The Early
Middle Ages Middle Ages
400-900 CE 900-1250 CE
ROMAN
EMPIRE
The Late
Middle Ages
1250-1500 CE
RENAISSANCE
Use with “A History of the Middle Ages” DVD Discovery & Worksheet.
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Europe in the Middle Ages
III.
III.
7
A. Charlemagne Builds an Empire
1. ___________ _____ is the years from 500-1500 CE.
2. During the last days of the Roman Empire the___________ _________ came
to control much of Western Europe.
3. The most powerful tribe was the _______________ and their leader was
____________________________.
a) He conquered parts of Italy, Germany, central Europe, & Northern Spain.
b) He had close ties with the ___________, the leader of the Christian church.
c) He set up a school to teach the Noble’s children how to rule responsibly.
4. After his death in 814 CE. Vikings attacked from the North, Slavs & Magyars
from the East, and Muslims from the South.
B. Life in the Middle Ages
1. Most Europeans lived in small villages which were part of a _______________,
or a large block of land (made up of forests, meadows, farmland, the village, a church, and the house or castle of the noble).
2. Peasants, or ____________ , farmed the land and lived in the village.
3. They were ____________, or people who pays rent to the noble in the form of
services and goods.
4. The Noble himself was a tenant of the King called a _____________, who had
agreed to perform services for the king in return for being given use of the land.
In a written contract he agreed to: a) fight in the King’s Army
b) collect taxes.
5. This system of trading protection for loyalty became known as the
______________ ______________.
The Feudal System
1) Protection
2) Taxes
KING
Land
Fief
Atlantic
Ocean
EUROPE
Upper
Nobility
Upper
Nobility
Lower
Nobility
Lower
Nobility
Lower
Nobility
Lower
Nobility
Knights
Knights
Knights
Knights
SERFS
SERFS
SERFS
SERFS
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Europe in the Middle Ages
III.
III.
8
C. The Church and the Crusades
1. The idea that all of Europe’s separate kingdoms were united in a Christian
Community is known as ___________________________.
2. In 1095 Pope Urban II called on all Christians to help seize control of the
holy
city of Jerusalem back from the Seljuk Turks.
3. Whole families volunteered to become ______________ marched across
Europe, but many died of hunger before reaching the holy land.
4. In eight attempts thousands of Christians and Muslims died, but the
Christians never gained control of Jerusalem.
D. Disaster and Change
1. European cities became _________________ and _____________ places.
2. Streets were full of people, animal, and garbage..
3. In the 1340s a deadly sickness called the Black death or the
_______________ ______________ hit Europe, caused by the bites of
fleas on rats.
4. One fourth of the people died.
5. The Europeans who survived blamed their kings and the popes for not
being able to stop the plague.
The Crusades
1)
2)
3)
4)
EUROPE
1096-1099 CE.
1147-1149 CE.
1189-1192 CE.
1202-1204 CE.
2
* Constantinople
1
Spain
4
ASIA
* Antioch
Syria
3
Persia
Palestine
* Jerusalem
Alexandria*
Arabia
* Medina
* Mecca
AFRICA
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Europe in the Middle Ages
9
III. E. The Rise of Nation-States
1. Kings begin to take authority away from the
nobles and church leaders.
2. __________-________, or strong central
government with a single king, began to form in
many parts of Europe.
3.Each of these governments had:
a) their own laws
b) leaders
c) full-time army
d) language
e) culture and customs
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Byzantine Empire
Atlantic
Ocean
France
EUROPE
Black Sea
ASIA
Spain
Mediterranean Sea
The Rise of the Nation-States
Strong Central Government, ruler, laws,
full time army, common language, & customs.
AFRICA
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The Magna Carta
10
In 1215 the Nobles presented King John of
England with a list of 63 demands. In
forcing the monarch to sign this contract
he now had to accept responsibility for his
actions and he had to obey the laws like
everyone else. The king was also required
to have the general consent of the realm
before ordering new taxes. The nobles
while trying to protect themselves also
protected the freedoms of everyone in
England. For example the Magna Carta
gave the people the right to a trial by jury.
This right is guaranteed to Americans
today in the United States Constitution.
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ADDITIONAL
MATERIAL
Christianity
Beliefs
Divisions pp. 278-9
Islam
Beliefs
pp. 285-6 Divisions
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Remember a Topic Sentence states the main idea of a paragraph and a
concluding sentence restates or rephrases the topic idea.
1). Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of a paragraph summarizing
the legend of Santa Clause.
2) Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of a persuasive paragraph
explaining the reasons the elves want Santa to reform conditions at the
North Pole workshops.
3). Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of an argumentative paragraph
explaining the reasons the reindeer want Santa to give them a winter
vacation.
4) Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of a paragraph summarizing
your favorite movie.
5) Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of a persuasive paragraph
explaining the reasons that homework is not necessary.
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Performance Assessment – The Middle Ages
Medieval Newspaper: Students will research and present a
newspaper which illustrates the major contributions of the
Middle Ages as well as the key events that changed the
outcome of Medieval Europe. Topics to research include,
but are not limited to; Medieval Castles, Medieval methods
of Torture, the Crusades, the Black Death, the Magna Carta,
Religion & Christianity, Heraldry, Feudalism, and the life of
Medieval Men & Women. Students may have opportunities
to research in class as well as create, revise, edit, and
publish the newspaper articles. This project can be enriched
or modified as needed for various learners in the class. An
Option may be to include on topic in newspaper or research
two or more topics and develop the newspaper.
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Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
Justinian Code – The Roman laws made simpler and more
understandable by Byzantine Emperor Justinian.
monopoly- complete control of the means of production.
mosaics – paintings and pictures using bits and pieces of
colored glass or stone.
orthodox – officially accepted Christainity of the Byzantine
Empire and centered in Constantinople.
icons – Holy pictures of Jesus and the saints.
patriarchs – Byzantine church leaders.
catholic – a word meeting universal or “all embracing”.
Middle Ages – The time of medieval Europe from
500 CE. - 1,500 CE.
pope – the leader of the Christian church based in Rome.
Christendom – the idea that all the Christians of every
kingdom formed a community.
crusaders – Christian volunteers who fought to free the
holy land from the Seljuk Turks who were Muslim.
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Feudal Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
Middle Ages – The time of medieval Europe from
500 CE. - 1,500 CE.
pope – the leader of the Christian church based in Rome.
manor – a large block of land made up of forests, meadows,
a church, a village, and the castle of the noble
who owned it all.
serfs – peasant farmers who worked the noble’s land. They
were tied to the land of a Noble.
tenant – someone who pays rent to the landowner.
vassal – a noble who agrees to perform service for the king
in time of war in exchange for use of the land.
contract – a written agreement (with the king & vassal).
feudal system – A system of trading protection for loyalty.
bubonic plague – a sickness causes by bites from fleas on
rats (as known as Black Death).
nation-state – a government with a strong central government,
laws, single ruler, language, customs, & standing army.
CSI08
Muslim Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
steppes – semi-dry plains of grass land.
Qur’an – The holy book of Islam.
Muslim – the religion of the followers of Muhammad’s
teaching and Islam.
Islam – means submitting to God’s will or following the
Qur’an.
caliph – A Muslim religious leader and successor to
Muhammad.
Shiite – Muslims who remain loyal to the descendants of the
fourth caliph.
Sunni – Muslims who accept the changing dynasties of
caliphs or successors to Muhammad.
mosques – Muslim houses of worship.
minarets – towers on mosques where Muslims are called to
worship five times a day.
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The Muslim Empire
II.
B. Muhammad and Islam
1. In about 570 A.D. ________________________ was
born in a poor, but important family in Mecca.
2. He became unhappy about his tribe’s ______________
worship.
3. In a vision the angel _________________ told him that
he was a messenger to humankind.
4. The message was there is no god but God, or ________.
5. Over the next 23 years there were more messages
which were put together in a holy book called the ______.
6. A _______________ is a follower of Muhammad and
believes the “Qur’an” is god’s word.
7. This religion becomes _______________ which means
“submitting to God’s Will”.
8. In 622 A.D. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but returns with
other Arab tribes nine years later and destroyed all the
idols in the Ka’ba.
The Byzantine Empire
I.
C. The Christian Church Divides
1. Religion caused much disagreement and many bitter arguments.
2. One argument centered around _______________ , or holy
pictures of Jesus and the saints.
a) In the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire people felt that icons
were like worshiping _______________, which is forbidden in
the Ten Commandments.
b) In the western part of the Empire most the people could not read
or write. So icons were thought of a good way to teach
Christianity.
3. The Byzantine church leaders, or ________________ did not want
people to use Icons. Byzantine emperor Leo order them destroyed.
4. In 1054, the Christian Church split.
a) The church of Rome became the Roman Catholic, or _________
____________________
b) The church of Constantinople became the Eastern Orthodox
Church.
5. In 1453 a weaken government ended the Byzantine Empire.
II.
The Muslim Empire
E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire
1. After his death Muslim leaders chose a _____________,
or “successor” to Muhammad.
2. The ________________ family moved the Muslim capital
from Medina to Damascus, Syria..
3. The __________ family moved the capital in 750 CE. To
Baghdad.
4. Descendants of Muhammad’s daughter set up another
capital in _________________, ____________.
5. The Muslim community split into several groups:
a) The _______________ accepted the changing
dynasties.
b) The _______________ not wanting either the
Umayyad or Abbasid families as rulers, remained loyal
to Ali the four caliph’s descendants.
Europe in the Middle Ages
III.
B. Life in the Middle Ages
1. Most Europeans lived in small villages which were part of
a _____________________________, or a large block of
land (made up of forests, meadows, farmland, the
village, a church, and the house or castle of the noble).
2. Peasants, or ____________ , farmed the land and lived
in the village.
3. They were ____________, or people who pays rent to
the noble in the form of services and goods.
4. The Noble himself was a tenant of the King called a
_____________, who had agreed to perform services for
the king in return for being given use of the land. In a
written contract he agreed to:
a) fight in the King’s Army
b) collect taxes.
5. This system of trading protection for loyalty became
known as the ______________ ______________.
Europe in the Middle Ages
III. D. Disaster and Change
1. European cities became ____________________ and
_____________ places.
2. Streets were full of people, animal, and garbage..
3. In the 1340s a deadly sickness called the Black death or
the _______________ ______________ hit Europe,
caused by the bites of fleas on rats.
4. One fourth of the people died.
5. The Europeans who survived blamed their kings and the
popes for not being able to stop the plague.