Transcript Introduction - Glenrose FFA

Bell Work
• Who developed Aquaculture?
Introduction to
Aquaculture
Lesson #1
Area: Animal Science
Unit: Aquaculture
Objectives
• Define Aquaculture
• Identify how Aquaculture is important to our
society
• Identify the components of Aquaculture
Definition
“Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic
organisms, including fish, molluscs,
crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming
implies some form of intervention in the
rearing process to enhance production,
such as regular stocking, feeding,
protection from predators, etc. Farming
also implies individual or corporate
ownership of the stock being cultivated.”
SOURCE: FAO FISHERIES CIRCULAR NO. 815 REVISION 8, 1996
In Other Words
• The controlled raising of aquatic
plants and animals in a confined
environment.
How Long Has Aquaculture
Been Around?
• First Developed in Asia
– 3500 BC Chinese raised carp in ponds
– Developed breeding techniques for
increased production
Why has the demand for
fish in the US increased?
Per Capita Consumption
POUNDS
17
16.2
16
15.6
15.5
15.1
15
15.0 14.9
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.0
14.8
14.9
14.6
14.2
14
13.4
13
12.9
12.8
12.5
12
15.2
13.4
13.0
12.7
12.5
12.7
1998
12.5
12.1 12.2
14.9 lbs./capita
11.8
11.5
11
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Nutritional Comparisons
Why is Aquaculture considered
the fastest growing industry in
the agriculture sector?
MILLION METRIC TONS
World Production
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
SOURCE: USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9600, JULY 1997
Why Aquaculture Looks
Good to Farmers
• Increased Seafood Consumption
– 14.9 lbs per person in 1998
• Good quality of protein low in fat
• Better Production to Cost Ratio
– 1 1/2 lbs of feed to 1 lb of fish
Agriculture vs. Aquaculture
• Variable body
temperature
• Better converters
of foodstuffs
• Requires less energy
for body support
11 2 lb feed = 1 lb fish
Compared to
1995 Farm Bill Proposal
“Aquaculture is poised
to become a major
growth industry.”
U.S. Aquaculture
1998
• Food Fish Production increased
– 308 million pounds in 1992
– 768 million pounds in 1998
U.S. Aquaculture
1998
• Total Value: $5.6 Billion
• 181,000 Full-time Jobs
• Fastest Growing Sector Of U.S.
Agriculture
Aquaculture Sales
Value by Category
Top States
Source: 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS
Production States
WESTERN
Trout
Salmon
Shellfish
Striped Bass
Tilapia
NORTH CENTRAL
Perch
Striped Bass
Tilapia
Salmon
Shellfish
Striped
Bass
Catfish
Striped Bass
Tilapia
TROPICAL & SUBTROPICAL
Ornamentals, Food and Shellfish
NORTHEASTERN
SOUTHERN
Aquaculture Requires
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Land
Water
Money
Training
Species Selection
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Producer’s expertise
Marketability
Climate
Production economics
Species biology
Production methods
?
Types of Aquaculture
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Food Fish
Baitfish
Sport Fish
Fee Fishing
Water Temperature
• Warmwater Range
– 75º – 90º F
• Example: Tilapia
Water Temperature
• Coolwater Range
– 60o – 80o F
• Example: Bass
Water Temperature
• Coldwater Range
– 48o – 65o F
• Example: Trout
Food Fish
Food Fish Species
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Catfish
Tilapia
Rainbow trout
Atlantic Salmon
Shrimp
Shellfish
Striped Bass
Others
Baitfish
Baitfish Species
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Fathead minnows
Golden shiners
Goldfish
Crawfish
White suckers
Pond and Lake
Stockings
Pond Stocking Species
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Channel catfish
Largemouth bass
Bluegill
Redear sunfish
Yellow perch
Trout
Fee Fishing
Fee Fishing
• Long-term leases
• Day leases or “ticket lakes”
• “Fish-out” or by the pound ponds
What are the types of
Production Methods used in
Aquaculture?
Production Methods
• Ponds
• Cages
and pens
• Raceways
• Closed
re-use systems
Source: 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS
Ponds
• Spawning
– Broodstock
– Hatching of eggs
• Fingerling
• Grow-out to
market size
Spawning
0.1 acre
Fingerling
1 acre
Food size
20 acre
Carrying Capacity
• Maximum weight that an area can
support expressed either as lbs/acre
or lbs/gal/min
300 lbs/acre
Feed
2,0000
lbs/acre
Feed and
aeration
2,000 - 8000
lbs/acre
Cages and Pens
4 feet
4 feet
4 feet
Cage Culture
• Allows deep farm
ponds or lakes to
be used for production
• Low investment
• Decrease in production
rate
Raceways
Raceways
• Yield
– 15-20,000 lbs for every
500 gallon/min flow.
Concrete Raceway
Earthen Raceway
Water Re-use Systems
H 2O
Fish
Solids
filter
Pump
Bio.
filter
Re-circulating Aquaculture
Systems (RAS) Layout
RAS
Biological Filters
Solids Filter
Tank
Aeration
How can fish be marketed?
Market Techniques
• Direct Marketing
• Wholesale
– Whole fish
– Headed and gutted
– Fillets
– Steaks
• Value added
Conclusion
• Aquaculture is a fast growing
industry with many possibilities for
production and marketing.