Transcript Goodheart-Willcox Publisher | Print Reading for
By: Walter C. Brown and Daniel P. Dorfmueller PowerPoint By: Daniel P. Dorfmueller
Copyright 2005 by The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Section 4 Reading Prints
Unit 13 Residential Framing Prints Learning Objectives
List the differences between heavy framing and light framing.
Recognize the construction of various floor, roof, and wall framing systems.
Read framing drawings.
Unit 13 Residential Framing Prints Learning Objectives (continued)
Explain the differences between platform, balloon, and plank-and-beam framing.
Understand stair details and terms.
Recognize metal framing systems.
Wood Framing
Widely-used Affordable Durable Dependable Flexible construction methods Widely-known framing methods
Wood Framing
Wood Framing
Floor Framing Components Sill Plates
Attached to the top surface of the foundation wall.
Header
Nailed to the top of the sill plate.
Joists
Floor support beams.
Subfloor
Covers the joists.
Typically plywood, but may sometimes be lumber.
Floor Framing Components Double Header
Used when a framing pattern is disrupted, typically by an opening.
Double Trimmer
Two joists nailed together next to an opening.
Tail Joist
Runs between the double header and sill plate.
Ledger
A small piece of lumber nailed to the bottom edge of a double header.
Floor Framing Components Bridging
Small member between joists to provide lateral support.
Floor Framing
Shown on the floor plan.
2 x 12 Joists @ 16" O.C.
Joist Size Spacing
Framing a Platform Floor
Floor Framing Members
Dimensioning
Exterior Walls
Dimensions are given to the outside edge of the studs.
Interior Walls
Dimensions are given to the centerline of the studs.
Check drawings carefully to verify the dimensioning practice used on any given set of plans.
Framing of a Cantilevered Floor
Floor Framing Plan
Types of Wall Frames
Platform Framing
Also known as Western framing .
The first floor is built on top of the foundation.
First-floor wall sections are raised.
A second-floor platform is built on top of the first-floor walls.
The second-floor walls are raised.
Types of Wall Frames
Balloon Framing
The studs extend from the first floor sill plate to the top plate of the highest floor.
Ribbons are used to support joists on the second floor.
Reduces lumber shrinkage in masonry and stucco structures.
Walls act as flues in fire spreading from floor to floor.
Types of Wall Frames
Plank-and-Beam Framing
Heavy timber material for posts in wall sections.
2" thick plank material supporting floor and roof sections.
Structural members are placed at wider intervals.
Allows interesting architectural and decorative effects.
Stud Wall Framing
Sectional View
Roof Frames
Roof Truss
A prefabricated member to span the roof.
Rafter
Angled members supporting the roof.
Typically 2 x 6, 2 x 8, or 2 x 10 members.
Ridge
Horizontal member at the peak of a roof.
Roof Frames
Collar Beam
A horizontal member that ties the rafters together.
Rise
The vertical distance between the top plate and ridge board.
Run
The horizontal distance from the wall supporting the bottom of the rafter to the ridge board.
Roof Frames
Span
The distance between the walls supporting the rafters.
Bird’s Mouth
A cutout so the rafter fits flat on top plate of stud wall.
Common Rafters
Run at right angles from the wall plate to the ridge.
Roof Frames
Hip Rafter
Extends from an outside corner to the ridge board, usually at a 45º angle.
Valley Rafter
Extends from an inside corner to the ridge board, usually at a 45º angle.
Roof Frames
Jack Rafters
Do not extend to the ridge board.
Hip jacks hip rafter.
extend from the top plate to a Valley jacks valley rafter.
extend from the top plate to a Cripple jacks hip rafters.
extend between valley and Purlin
A horizontal member laid over a truss.
Supports long rafters or a break in gambrel roof rafters.
Roof Framing Plan
Roof or Truss Framing
Types of Rafters
Stair Frames
Stringer
The angled member running between lower and upper levels.
Supports the stairs.
Typically 2 x 8, 2 x 10, or 2 x 12.
Tread
Member that forms the “step.” Tread width is the distance between front or back of adjacent stairs.
Stair Frames
Riser
Vertical member that provides change in elevation between two adjacent stairs.
Run
Total horizontal length of the stairway.
Rise
The vertical distance between floors.
NOTE: There is always one more riser than the number of treads.
Stair Section Identify each of the stair components indicated.
tread ?
riser ?
rise ?
?
stringer ?
run
Metal Framing
Metal Framing
Test Your Knowledge
Take 15 minutes to complete the Test Your Knowledge questions on pages 194–197 of the text.
Test Your Knowledge Answers 1.
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B. It protects well against fire.
D. Sill plate C. Header A. Collar beam D. a stair tread False True True True False
Test Your Knowledge Answers 11.
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A. Stringer B. Tread C. Riser A. Common rafter B. Ridge C. Hip jack D. Hip E. Cripple jack F. Valley rafter G. Valley jack H. Gable
Test Your Knowledge Answers 13.
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A. Stud B. Joist C. Subfloor D. Double top plate E. Base plate F. Header G. Anchor bolt H. Sill Platform framing
Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Take 20 minutes to complete Activity 13-1 on pages 198–200 of the text. Refer to large prints 13-1a through 13-1d .
Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Answers 1.
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Floor ¼" = 1'-0" Floor (ceiling) framing plan 1/8" = 1'-0" 4" (2) 7" deep, 15.3# PLF Plate: 2 x 6, Sill: 2 x 6 Length: 56'-0", Width: 44'-0" Size is 2 x 10. They are butted over the beam.
Double joists 6'-8" x 1'-2"
Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Answers 9.
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One row 1 x 3 bridging in each span w/2 x 4 blocking at 32" o/c at the ends of the house.
6'-0" 25'-10" Openings: 8'-8 ¾" x 3'-4 ¼" Carriage: 2 x 12 Header: 2 x 8 Kickplate: 2 x 4 Riser: 13 @ 8" Treads: 12 @ 9"
Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Answers 13.
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Partial building section 2 x 4 @ 16" o/c Garage door: (2) 2 x 12 Windows: (2) 2 x 12 Front stoop: (2) 2 x 6 3 9'-0" x 7'-0" (2) 2 x 12
Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Answers 19.
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Sheathing: ⅜" plywood Roofing: Shake-type asphalt shingles over felt building paper.
Common rafter: 2 x 6 Valley rafter: 2 x 8 Collar: 1 x 6 Ridge board: 2 x 8
Activity 13-2 Wood Framing Prints Take 20 minutes to complete Activity 13-2 on pages 201 and 202 of the text. Refer to large prints 13-2a through 13-2d .
Activity 13-2 Wood Framing Prints Answers 1.
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2 x 10 W8 x 15 2 x 8 @ 12" o/c 2 x 12 7 7/8" 2 x 6 @ 16" o/c 2 x 8 3" dia 2 x 12 2 x 6 @ 16" o/c
Activity 13-2 Wood Framing Prints Answers 11.
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2 x 8 @ 12" o/c and 2 x 10 @ 16" o/c 3 – 1 ¾ x 11 ⅞" microbeam 7:12 2'-0" Shake shingles over ½" P.W SHTING
END OF UNIT 13
Residential Framing Prints