Transcript Important Terms - University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

Environmental Resources
Unit A
Natural Resources
Problem Area 5
Outdoor Recreation
What are three things that might have
prevented the following incident…

#1. A 400cc ATV carrying the driver and an
extra rider is operating on a steep slope and
it turns over backward. Both the driver and
extra rider die from head injuries.
Possible
Responses
What are three things that might have
prevented the following incident…
#2 A 400cc ATV
carrying only the 13 year
old driver runs into a ditch in a harvested
soybean field while looking for deer tracks.
The ATV overturns leaving the youth with
one broken arm and burns on his bare legs
and feet.
Possible
Responses
Learning Objectives

Define specific terms related to compiling ATV
data and state those findings.

Describe common incidents that occur while
youth and adolescents are operating ATVs.

Give specific examples of injuries that occur to
youth and adolescents while operating ATVs.
Learning Objectives (cont.)

Relate specific factors that contribute to
injuries and fatalities among youth and
adolescents operating ATV’s.

Identify characteristics that would indicate the
ability to safely operate an appropriately sized
ATV.
Terms






All-Terrain Vehicle
Youth
Adolescent
Incident
Injury
Fatal Injury/Fatality





Data
Statistics
Hazard
Characteristics
Personal Protective
Equipment
Illinois Vehicle Code Definition
All-Terrain Vehicle
– Any motorized off-highway device 50 inches or
less in width, having a manufacturer’s dry
weight of 900 pounds or less, traveling on 3 or
more low-pressure tires, designed with a seat or
saddle for operator use, and handlebars or
steering wheel of steering control.
DOES NOT INCLUDE LAWN MOWERS
or GOLF CARTS!
Other Definitions

Youth – for the purpose of this presentation, the
term youth applies to those between the ages of
9 years and15 years.

Adolescent – for the purpose of this
presentation, the term adolescent applies to
those between the ages of 16 years and 19
years.
Other Definitions (cont.)

Incident – unanticipated, sudden event that
may cause an undesired outcome such as
property damage, bodily injury, or death.
The term implies that many factors had to
happen together in order for the event to
occur. The term also implies that nearly all
incidents are preventable.
Other Definitions (cont.)

The term incident is used by many involved
in safety and health in preference to the term
accident.

Fatal Injury/Fatality – an injury that causes
death/a single instance of death.
Other Definitions (cont.)
cold temperatures

Injury – the physical damage to body
tissue resulting from the contact of a
person and anything that can cause that
damage.
Other Definitions (cont.)

Hazard – a condition or changing set of
circumstances that presents a potential for
injury or property damage. The potential or
inherent characteristics of an activity or
condition which can produce unwanted and
harmful consequences.
Did you see a hazard on your way to school
today?
Other Definitions (cont.)
I
n
t
e
 Data – any information collected for a
r
specific purpose. This information can be
v
collected in the form of interviews, surveys, I
reviews of newspaper clippings, or reviews e
of death certificates.
w
s
Other Definitions (cont.)

Statistic – a number that describes some
characteristic of data that has been collected.
Total number of injuries and percentages of
injuries are two examples of statistics.
3
4
Selected National Statistics

Youth under 16 represented 34% of all ATVrelated emergency room visits.

~70% of fatal injuries to youth and adolescents
under 19 years involved the head and neck.

Common non-fatal injuries include broken upper
and lower extremities, head injuries, bruises, and
scrapes.
Selected National Statistics (cont.)

Common incidents include rollover crashes,
collisions with stationary objects, and falling off
the vehicle.

A national survey indicated that only 36% of
riders reported wearing a helmet all the time when
operating and ATV.

Under 16 year old operators are four times more
likely than those over 16 to experience an injury.
Incident Contributing FactorsYouth Specific

Most youth do not possess:
– Physical size, strength, coordination and motor
skills to operate the size ATV they are riding
– The cognitive capacity to look for and react to
potential hazards
– Judgment not to act impulsively
– Long attention spans and therefore are easily
distracted
Incident Contributing FactorsAdolescent Specific

Many adolescents may possess:
– Physical size, strength, coordination, and motor
skills to operate an ATV, but the ATV is too large.
– Cognitive capacity to look for/react to potential
hazards, but ride too fast and lack experience.
– Good judgment, but this can be impaired by peer
pressure, being self-absorbed, and being distracted
by other thoughts and upcoming activities (sporting
events, dates, etc.)
Operator Characteristics Needed
for Safe Operation
Characteristics

Characteristics in this presentation refer to
distinct traits, features, or qualities that are
found with those that operate ATVs safely.

Absence of characteristics have been found
to contribute to injury and fatality incidents,
making them important to consider when
making the decision to ride or not ride an
ATV.
Characteristics (cont.)

Training program - Has the person participated
in a training program? This information on
training can be obtain from an ATV dealer.
Can the operator perform a pre-ride inspection
on the ATV they will be operating?

Maturity – Has the operator exhibited good
decision making skills in other areas? Is the
operator routinely considerate of others? Timely?
Overly impulsive? Usually follows directions?
Characteristics (cont.)

Physical Size –
– When the operator stands on the foot-pegs,
there should be 3 - 6 inches of clearance
between the seat and crotch.
– When the operator is seated, the leg from the
hip to the knee should be approximately
horizontal.
– When seated in a normal position, the reach to
the handlebars should include a bent elbow, not
straight out.
Age Recommendations by Model Size
ATV Model Size
Minimum Age
Weight Capacity
Under 70cc
70 - 90cc
over 90cc
150 cc & over
6 yrs and older
12 yrs and older
16 yrs and older
16 yrs and older
70 Lbs
250 Lbs
250 Lbs
300 Lbs
* It is important to note that in recent years many people
advocate that no one under the age of 16 should be allowed
to ride an ATV. Based on the information in this
presentation, why would that be true?
Characteristics (cont.)

Physical Strength
– Once properly fitted to the ATV, does the
operator have the strength needed to alternate
body positions for turning and to grip the
handle-bars for turning and over rough terrain?
Characteristics (cont.)

Coordination and Motor Skills
– Has the operator successfully performed
necessary skills under supervision? Turning?
Uphill? Downhill? Traversing slopes? Under
various environmental and traffic conditions?
Personal Protective Equipment

DOT-, Snell, or ANSI-approved helmet
– Bicycle helmets are not acceptable! Helmet should
contain Dept. of Transportation label, Snell Memorial
Foundation Label, or ASNI Z90.1 label. Should be
replaced following single incident.

Goggles/Glasses
– Regular glasses or sunglasses are not acceptable! Glasses
should have VESC8 (V-8) or Z87.1 in one corner. They
should also be ventilated to prevent fogging of goggles.
There should be a brow bar and side shield.
ANSI Z87 marking
Glasses
Glasses come
in various styles
and also colors
such as clear,
smoke, and
yellow.
ANSI Z87 marking
RIGHT
Approved helmet
carries the DOT letters
on rear of helmet.
WRONG
No DOT letters on
rear of helmet. Suitable
for bicycle but not ATV.
PPE (cont.)

Gloves
– reduce vibration, padded over knuckles good.

Over-the-ankle boots with low heel
– Prevent slipping off foot-rests, if laced, tie short
Long-sleeve shirt or jacket
 Long pants

– Both sleeves and pants provide protection from
scratches and pokes, close-fitting not loose
Summary

Youth have 34% of all ATV related
emergency room visits.

Nearly ¾ of all fatal injuries to those under
19 are to the head and neck.

Survey responses indicate only 36% of all
ATV riders routinely wear an ATV helmet.
Summary (cont.)

Contributing factors to incidents involving
youth include:
– lack of size and strength
– inability to recognize hazards
– short attention spans.
Summary (cont.)

Contributing factors to incidents involving
adolescents include:
–
–
–
–
riding ATV too large for their capabilities
ride too fast and lacking experience
being susceptible to peer pressure
attention distracted by other thoughts not
related to current activity.
Summary (cont.)

Most fatalities occur
–
–
–
–

on non-farm locations
to the operator, between 9-14 yrs of age
to males
during the day.
More fatalities occur:
– during the months of June and August than
other months.
Summary (cont.)

Most injuries occur:
–
–
–
–

on non-farm locations
to the operator, between 15-19 yrs of age
to males
during the day.
More injuries occur:
– during the months of June and August than
other months.
Summary (cont.)

Characteristics that contribute to the
occurrence of injury and fatality incidents
include:
–
–
–
–
–
not participating in a training program
lack of overall maturity in decision making
lack of physical size and strength
carrying extra riders
not wearing proper PPE, especially a DOT
approved helmet.
Take a Side Trip

Learn more about ATV Injuries/Fatalities…
–
–
–
–
–
–
What months are more people injured/killed?
Are males or females injured/killed more?
What age suffers more injuries/fatalities?
Are more injured/killed during the day?
What counties have the most injuries/fatalities?
Where do most ATV incidents occur?
Let’s Go
Skip the Trip
References

ATV Safety Institute
http://www.atvsafety.org

National Children’s Center for Rural and
Agricultural Health and Safety
http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children

4-H Community ATV Safety Program
References
Stedman’s Medical Dictionary (26th Ed),
Williams & Watkins
 Safety and Health for Production
Agriculture, Dennis Murphy, ASAE
 Occupational Health, Barry Levy & David
Wegman, Lippencott Williams & Wilkins
 UI Extension Ag. Safety and Health website

http://www.age.uiuc.edu/agsafety/factshts.html
Questions or Comments
Robert (Chip) Petrea, PhD
Extension Specialist – Ag. Safety and Health
Dept. of Ag. and Bio Engineering, UIUC
304e Ag. Engineering Sciences
1304 West Pennsylvania
Urbana, IL 61801
217.333.5035
217.244.0323 FAX
[email protected]
http://www.age.uiuc.edu/acadprof/rcp/rcp.asp
END
OF
PRESENTATION
Click Here to Return to
Presentation
Potential Responses
1. The extra-rider should not have been there.
2. They should have both been wearing
approved helmets.
3. The driver should have not attempted to
climb the slope due to the extra weight of
the rider.
Return to Presentation
Potential Responses
1. A 400cc ATV is most likely too big for
the 13 year old.
2. He was paying attention to deer tracks
and not looking where he was going.
3. He should have been wearing long pants
and leather boots.
Return to Presentation
Accidents
Accidents are usually perceived that
nothing could have been done to prevent
them from occurring. This might be true in
some extreme examples. However, trying
to prevent injuries and fatalities requires
looking at root causes and trying to
eliminate them or reduce their frequency.
Return to Presentation
Illinois ATV Related
Injuries/Fatalities Statistics
1990-2003
Data
All data compiled is from press clippings
provided by the Illinois Press Association.
Based on research in other states, the use
of press clippings is estimated to provide
between 60-80% of the actual number of
incidents that occurred in Illinois in the
years covered.
Total Fatalities/Injuries – 409
Total Injuries – 282
Total Fatalities - 127
Fatalities - Age
1990-2003
8%
6%
6%
20%
13%
12%
13%
22%
Fatality Total=127
Age 2-8
Age 9-14
Age 15-19
Age 20-25
Age 26-30
Age 31-40
Age 41-50
Age 51-75
Injuries/Fatalities - Age
1%
1990-2003
2%
6%
7%
3%
12%
22%
8%
11%
28%
Injury/Fatality Total=409
Unknown
Age 2-8
Age 9-14
Age 15-19
Age 20-25
Age 26-30
Age 31-40
Age 41-50
Age 51-60
Age 60-75
Injuries/Fatalities - County
Location
•Ogle (19)
•White (14)
•Clay (13)
•Will (12)
•Kane (11)
•Franklin (11)
•Perry (11)
•Pike (10)
•Jo Daviess (10)
•Montgomery (8)
•Adams (8)
•Clinton (8)
•Kankakee (8)
•LaSalle (7)
•Effingham (7)
•Iroquois (7)
•Stephenson (6)
•Jackson (6)
•Livingston (6)
•Edgar (6)
•Jasper (6)
•Saline (6)
•Cook (5)
•Grundy (5)
•Henry (5)
•Kendall (5)
•Union (5)
•Fayette (5)
•Lawrence (4)
•Saint Clair (4)
•Wabash (4)
•Wayne (4)
1990-2003
•Marion (4)
•Edwards (4)
•Lake (4)
•Warren (4)
•Clark (4)
•Peoria (4)
•Whiteside (4)
•Hancock (2)
•Crawford (2)
•Cumberland (2)
•Macoupin (2)
•Tazewell (2)
•Winnebago (2)
•Sangamon (2)
•Hancock (2)
Fatalities - County Location
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kane
Will
Cook
Franklin
Kendall
Pike
Kankakee
Effingham
Ogle
Union
Cumberland
9
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1990-2003
Adams
Iroquois
JoDaviess
Kane
Livingston
Montgomery
Randolph
Carroll
White
Clark
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Injuries/Fatalities By Sex Category
1990-2003
16%
2%
Male
Female
Unknown
82%
Injury/Fatality Total=409
Fatalities By Sex Category (127)
Female
14
Male
113
0
20
40
60
2003
80
100
120
Injuries/Fatalities Farm Vs. Non-Farm Application
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Non-Farm
Farm
Unknown
Injury/Fatality Total=409
Injuries Vs. Fatalities
1%
31%
Fatalities
68%
Injuries
Unknown
1990-2003
Injury/Fatality Total=409
Fatality - Location
Farm
2%
Unknown
2%
Non-Farm
96%
Fatality Total=127
Injury/Fatality - Occurred To
322
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
65
4
16
0
Bystander Unknown Passenger Operator
2
Other
Vehicle
Fatalities - Occurred To
108
120
100
80
60
40
14
20
5
0
Unknown
Passenger
Operator
Injuries/Fatalities Day Vs. Night
250
200
223
171
Night
Day
Unknown
150
100
50
15
0
Fatalities - Day Vs. Night
70
60
63
62
Unknown
Day
Night
2
50
40
30
20
10
0
Night
Day
Injuries/Fatalities Day Vs. Night
Unknown
4%
Night
42%
Day
54%
Injury/Fatality Total=409
Fatalities - Day Vs. Night
Unknown
2%
Day
49%
Night
49%
Fatality Total=127
Night
Day
Unknown
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
Injuries/Fatalities - Year
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
Injuries - Year
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
Fatalities - Year
25
20
15
10
5
0
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Injuries/Fatalities - Month
60
50
40
30
20
10
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Fatalities - Month
Injuries - Month
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
Return to Presentation
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
0
Jan.
5