Elements of a Good Concrete Pipe Specification

David JP Matocha

Technical Resource Manager Hanson Pipe & Precast

A buried pipeline is a

Structural System

This structural system must consider both the

Properties of the Pipe

the

Properties of the Soil

… and 2

“READERS DIGEST Version”  Model “Outline” Specification (Handout) based upon AASHTO Section 27 – Concrete Pipe •

27.1 – General (Design)

• • 27.2 – Working Drawings

27.3 – Materials

• • • 27.4 – Assembly

27.5 – Installation 27.6 – Inspection

• 27.7 – Measurement • 27.8 - Payment 3

AASHTO Section 27 – 27.1 General

4

Section 12 Bridge design…

• Sets forth all LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) design criteria for RCP  Allows Indirect Design and or Direct Design for RCP  Recommend using direct design for deep fills not listed in ACPA Fill Height Charts 5

Indirect Design

 Calculate LRFD live load, dead load, fluid load  Takes soil/installation contribution into consideration  Calculate load on pipe in lbs/ dia (ft) / length(ft)  Determines strength class of pipe required (ASTM C-76)  Steel areas and concrete compressive strength set forth in AASHTO M 170/ASTM C-76 6

Tools for Structural Pipe Design

7

AASHTO Section 27 – 27.3 MATERIALS

• Pipe Manufacturing Materials • Joint Materials 8

27.3 Pipe Manufacturing Material Specifications

9

Joint Materials in 27.3

   Cement Mortar – soil tight Other Joint Materials (Mastic) – soil or silt tight (horizontal) leak resistant (vertical) Flexible watertight (Rubber Gasket) – silt tight or leak resistant 10

***AASHTO PP 63-09*** Pipe Joint Performance Parameters

11 • • • • AASHTO Joint Selection Criteria = performance parameters divided into a hierarchy with 4 main sub groups:

Special Design (Water Tight) Leak Resistant Silt Tight Soil Tight

12

AASHTO Section 27 – 27.5

Installation

13 27.5 Installation – Contents…..

• Bedding & Backfill Materials • Compaction Requirements • Type I – Type IV Standard Installations

14

15

Installation Type

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4

Bedding Thickness

D o /24 minimum, not less than 3 in. (75 mm). If rock foundation, use D o /12 minimum, not less than 6 in. (150 mm). D o /24 minimum, not less than 3 in. (75 mm). If rock foundation, use D o /12 minimum, not less than 6 in. (150 mm). D o /24 minimum, not less than 3 in. (75 mm). If rock foundation, use D o /12 minimum, not less than 6 in. (150 mm). No bedding required except if rock foundation, use D o /12 minimum, not less than 6 in. (150 mm)

Haunch & Outer Bedding

95% SW 90% SW or 95% ML 85% SW, 90% ML or 95% CL No compaction required, except if CL use 85%

Lower Side

90% SW, 95% ML, or 100% CL 85% SW, 90% ML or 95% CL 85% SW, 90% ML or 95% CL No compaction required, except if CL use 85% SIDD Soil Gravelly Sand (Category I) Silt (Category II) Representative Soil Types USCS SW, SP GW, GP Sandy GM, SM, ML Also GC, SC with less than 20% passing #200 Sieve AASHTO A1, A3 A2, A4 Silty Clay (Category III) CL, MH GC, SC A5, A6 CH Percent Compaction Standard Proctor Modified Proctor 100 95 90 85 80 61 95 90 85 80 75 59 100 95 90 85 80 49 95 90 85 80 75 46 100 95 90 85 80 45 95 90 85 80 75 40 100 95 90 45 90 85 80 40

Type 1 Installation High Quality Fill High Compaction Levels Inspection Lower Pipe Strengths

$ $ $ $ $ $ 16

Type 1 Installation

17

18

Type 4 Installation Native Soils Limited Compaction Required No Inspection High Pipe Strengths

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 19

Type 4 Installation

20

21

AASHTO Section 27 – 27.6

Field Inspection

22 27.6 Inspection – Contents…..

• Misalignment • Cracks • Spalls & Slabing