Transcript Slide 1
Idaho Women in Agriculture Conference
Katie Dyer Northwest Farm Credit Services
Who is Northwest FCS?
Part of the Farm Credit System A farmer-owned lending cooperative Serving Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana & Alaska With 600 employees & 47 offices Providing over $10 billion to 13,000 farmers, ranchers, agribusinesses, aquatic harvesters, timber producers, & rural home owners Financing 32% of the value of farm production in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana The leading crop insurance provider in the Northwest
Northwest FCS Locations
NWFCS Promise and Values
Our Promise
Northwest Farm Credit Services is your trusted source for financial solutions. No other lender knows agriculture better, or is more committed to the future of Rural America
Our Values
Relationships Integrity Commitment Knowledge
What makes NWFCS unique?
Our focus on agriculture, food and fiber Trusted advisor relationship with our customer Even-handedness through industry cycles Cooperative structure (including local advisory committee members) Farm Credit System membership and strategic partnerships
Financing Programs
Loan Programs
Real Estate purchase Operating expenses Livestock and equipment purchases Refinancing existing debt
Other Products
AgVision Program Loan Program for Young and Beginning Producers Appraisal Services Country Home Loans Crop Insurance Life and Disability Insurance
AgVision Program
A program designed to meet the needs of customers with at least one of the following characteristics:
Young
(35 years of age or younger)
Beginning
(10 years or less agricultural experience)
Small
(Producer with annual gross farm production of less than $250,000)
Recognized minority
(African American, Native American, Alaskan Native, Hispanic, Asian, and Pacific Islanders) Eligible Service Members
Northwest FCS: AgVision
Who Qualifies under the AgVision program
Aspire to be or is a full time Ag producer Has a acceptable credit history And again, meets at least one of the following characteristics. Young, Beginning, Small, or Minority Producer
AgVision Program Benefits
Same financing options as other Northwest FCS customers Potential fee waivers Appraisal fees Loan origination fees Competitive interest rate Educational / Technology benefits $500 reimbursement for technology purchases $500 travel reimbursement to educational commodity workshops/conferences $500 credit toward NWFCS workshops
AgVision Program Benefits
Leadership opportunities through our local advisor program Education Opportunities Annual AgVision Producer Conference Workshops geared toward enhancing financial analyses Access to Knowledge Center which provides market snapshots, industry perspectives, and peer financial benchmarks
How are loan decisions made?
The 5 Cs of Credit
C
haracter
C
apital
C
apacity
C
ollateral
C
onditions * Most lenders use this method or a similar method to analyze commercial loan applications
Character
Your experience in the operation Operating/Production Financial Marketing Have a business plan in place Have a good credit score
Character – Business Plan
General
Name Date Production year
Financial
Current year
income and expense records
Current
balance sheet
, projected
balance sheets
Past
three year’s tax return
Complete
cash flow budget
Farm Plan
Land-base -- list each tract, total acres, location, owned or leased (include terms). Number of acres and crops to be grown on each tract, yield, estimated price per unit Livestock -- list total number by classification (cows, bulls, etc.) List number of head to be produced, pounds per head for sale, and estimated price per pound. Conservation practices Marketing plan including when and how products will be marketed
Character – Business Plan
Risk Philosophy
Insurance – do you have Life or Health insurance. Insurance - Crop - crop hail, multi-peril, amount of coverage, cost, agent and company.
Expansion Plans
Plans to purchase real estate. Plans to rent additional real estate. Proposed source of capital. Proposed repayment plans. Equipment purchases -- date, item, cost, and type of financing.
Personal
Experience Goals -- list short-term and long-term
Character
Credit Report What is a credit score and why is it important Predicts financial risk over time Credit scoring is used by lenders, insurers, and others to evaluate your credit behavior Credit Score above 650 Have no late payments Have minimum credit card balances Have no outstanding collections or liens Review your credit report at least once a year www.annualcreditreport.com
Credit Bureau Reports
National average credit score is currently 677 Over 60% of FICO scores exceed the magic number of 700 – WHY MAGIC Above 700 – less than 5% delinquency rate Above 800 – less than 1% delinquency rate Under 600 – 51% delinquency rate Under 550 – 71% delinquency rate
Capital
Financial Statement:
Balance Sheet
A snapshot in time Your financial position – what you OWN (assets) and what you OWE (liabilities) Difference between is called
Net Worth
Financial ratio lender looks at is debt to asset (leverage) Generally a lender will want to see this ratio below 65%
Capacity
Financial Statement:
Income Statement
Can you Repay the loan?
It’s one of the most important factors for any operation
Revenue less Expenses = net income
Positive difference indicates a profit Negative difference indicates a loss Generally a lender will want to see a 10% margin Note: Cash accounting can be misleading – consider using Accrual accounting – making necessary adjustments to reflect beginning and ending inventories, accounts payable, etc.
Collateral
The security that backs up the loan Examples: farm ground, farm equipment, crop inventories, livestock, etc. Will try to line up collateral with type of loan being made Operating loan – crops Equipment loan – machinery & equipment Real Estate loan – farm ground being purchased Generally, a lender would like to be below 80% Loan Amount/Collateral Value
Conditions
Terms of the loan
Example:
Length of loan, fixed vs. variable rates, FSA guarantee, crop insurance, life insurance requirement, etc. If there is weakness in the other C’s, we can add conditions to help mitigate the risk to the lender and customer
Record Keeping
Are death and taxes the only reasons for keeping financial records?
Why Keep Good Farm Records
Do you want to know where your business is going?
Ability to analyze and make adjustments if needed To evaluate you need to know where you began and you need records to do this Records validate your analysis and decisions Do you want the ability to get a loan with a lender?
5 Cs of credit Do you want accurate tax documents?
Poor records often lead to tax returns that result in either underpayment or overpayment of taxes
Choose a Record System
Numerous kinds of Farm Record Keeping Systems Paper Records Excel Quicken Quick Books Research the different options and select the right fit for you Determine your method before you get too busy
Record Keeping Options
Keep it simple – appropriate level of detail 1.
2.
3.
Hand-written records using a ledger book and folders Keep all sales receipts in one folder and expenses in another Maintain a capital asset depreciation log Keep notebooks for farm yield or other data important to the year Excel Spreadsheets In between paper and record keeping system Inexpensive bookkeeping software Quick Books Quicken A more complex operation -- a more detailed system
Record Keeping Software
Should include the following Business-checking account that keeps transactions separate Income and expense ledger by month Inventory ledger for physical counting and value the business Depreciation schedule for any purchased equipment that is eligible for depreciation (see IRS rules) Balance sheet, Income statement, Cash flow statement
Record Keeping Methods
Cash Method of Accounting Business records all income earned and deducts all expenses in the year in which they are paid.
Accrual Method of Accounting Reports income earned and expenses deducted in the year in which they occur, although it may not be the same year in which the income is received or the expenses paid. For business that offer credit or maintain inventories, the accrual method offers a more accurate picture of the net profitability of the business.
Production and Financial Records
Consider maintaining two sets of farm records Production levels Keeps track of the operation’s inputs and outputs: crop yields, plan populations, livestock born and lost, etc.
Can assess where income was produced Strength and weaknesses of the farm operation Financial Records Track operating expenses, equipment, feed and seed purchases, wages and salaries, interest and loan payments, etc.
Trends in Net Worth
Receipts and Expenses - Monthly
Record all receipts, including payments from crop or livestock sales, custom hire work, etc.
Record all expenses, including cost of feed, chemicals, seeds, fuel, etc.
Include date, customer full name and address, description of the transaction, method of payment
Keeping and Using Inventories
Progress can not be determined from year to year without an annual inventory.
Inventory almost everything: money, livestock, crops, supplies, property, etc.
Analyze Your Business
Helps you to understand: Where the income was produced Strengths and/or weaknesses of the farm business Returns for labor and management Trends in net worth The operation’s production efficiency
Financial Statements
Balance Sheet Income Statement Cash Flow Statement Understand your flow of income and expenses during the year to determine your ability to pay bills
Summary
Present day farm Operations are becoming more and more business oriented Being a good producer is no longer good enough Becoming a successful farmer today is being a good producer AND a good financial manager The first step is to keep good, accurate records and establish a sound record-keeping system Validation requires a written plan, something to follow and something to evaluate