Transcript Exercise Science - Dixie State University

Exercise Science
Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology – the physiological
responses that occur in the body during
exercise. We will also discuss how these
responses can be manipulated and trained to
elicit desired results and benefits
Exercise Physiology
Exercise Principles
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Consistency - (most important)
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Progression
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Overload
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Specificity
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Reversibility
Exercise Physiology
Components of Health Related Fitness
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Cardiorespiratory
Exercise Physiology
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Muscular Strength
Exercise Physiology
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Muscular Endurance (conditioning)
Exercise Physiology
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Flexibility
Exercise Physiology
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Body Composition
Exercise Physiology
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Balance
Exercise Physiology
Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory
System
Components of Cardiorespiratory System:
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Heart
Lungs
Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
Blood
Cardiac Cycle:
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Systole
Diastole
Exercise Physiology
Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System
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Vocabulary
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Heart Rate (RHR, Ex HR)
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output (SV x HR = CO)
Ejection Fraction
Ischemia
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Angina Pectoris (heart)
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Myocardial Infarction (heart)
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Cerebral Vascular Accident (Brain) …Stroke…
Exercise Physiology
General Training Effects (CV)
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VO2max – Intake, Delivery, UTILIZATION of O2
Lungs – External, Internal & Cellular respiration
Heart – SV, HR, CO, EF
Metabolism
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Anaerobic Metabolism – the productions of energy
within the body in the absence of O2
Aerobic Metabolism – the production of energy
within the body in the presence of O2
Exercise Physiology
Fuel Sources
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Glucose (4Kcals/g) most utilized
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Glycogen – stored form of glucose
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Fat (9Kcals/g) most caloricaly dense
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Protein (4Kcals/g)
Exercise Physiology
Anaerobic Metabolism
(-O2)
Outside Mitochondria
Lactic Acid (waste)
Anaerobic Enzymes
-O2
Energy
(2 ATP)
+O2
Aerobic Metabolism
Anaerobic Metabolism
+O2
Inside Mitochondria
-O2
Outside Mitochondria
Lactic Acid
(waste)
Anaerobic Enzymes
-O2
+O2
(waste
Energy
(2 ATP)
Beta Oxidation
(Fat Metabolism)
ENERGY
(36 ATP)
)
Exercise Physiology
Mechanical Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory
System due to Aerobic Activity
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Increase Lung Function
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Increase Cardiac Efficiency
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Increase ability of external respiration
Increase ability of internal respiration
Increase ability of cellular respiration
Decrease Heart Rate at any given workload
Increase Stroke Volume
Increase Ejection Fraction
Increase Cardiac Output
Increase Capillarization
Increase VO2 Max
Exercise Physiology
Physiological Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory System
due to Aerobic Activity
 Increase ability of cellular respiration
 Increase quantity of Anaerobic & Aerobic enzymes
 Increase glycogen storage
 Increase accessibility to glucose
 Increase fat utilization
 Decrease the production rate of lactic acid
 Increase the tolerance to lactic acid (anaerobic threshold)
 Increase Mitochondria density (# & Size)
 Increase VO2 Max
Exercise Physiology
Metabolic Equivalent – 3.5ml/kg/min
F. I. T. T. Principle
 Frequency
 Intensity
 Type
 Time
Exercise Physiology
Cardiorespiratory Miscellaneous Items…
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Benefits of Regular Aerobic Activity
Effects of Environment
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Altitude
Heat
Cold
Exercise Physiology
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy & Physiology
Exercise Physiology
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Necessary Elements of Skeletal Muscle
Contraction
Nervous Impulse
Energy (ATP)
O2 (if sustained)
Exercise Physiology
Sliding Filament Theory
Exercise Physiology
Sliding Filament Theory Cont…
Exercise Physiology
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Muscle Contraction – ALL or NOTHING
Force Generation of Muscular Contraction
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Isometric Contraction
Isotonic
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Muscle Size
# of Contracting Fibers
Motor Unit Recruitment
Length Tension Relationship
Concentric
Eccentric
Isokinetic
Exercise Physiology
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Muscle Fiber Type
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Slow Twitch (Type 1, Red Fibers, Oxidative Fibers)
Fast Twitch (Type II, White Fibers, Glycolitic Fibers)
Fiber Distribution – Genetic? Or Trainable?
Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia
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Hypertrophy – increase in muscle fiber size
Hyperplasia – increase in # of muscle fibers
Exercise Physiology
Mechanical Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to
Resistive Training
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Increase Cross-sectional area
Increase Tensile Strength of Muscle & Connective
Tissue
Increase Motor Unit recruitment
Decrease Nervous Inhibition
Increase Neural Control
Decrease Repair Time
Exercise Physiology
Physiological Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle
to Resistive Training
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Increased Actin & Myosin
Increased # of Cross-Bridges
Decrease Nervous Inhibition
Increased Anaerobic Enzymes
Increased Mitochondrial Density (# & size)
Increased Anaerobic Threshold
Exercise Physiology
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Golgi Tendon Organ
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Sensor – Prevents too much force production
Exercise Physiology
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Musculotendonis Unit
Exercise Physiology
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Muscle Sorness
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Immediate Onset
Delayed Muscle Soreness