Transcript Biology 1 - Mt. SAC Faculty Contact Directory

Biology 1
Worksheet I
Question #1
• What does the first law of thermodynamics
state?
– Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only
transformed
– No energy transformation is 100% efficient
• How is this law related to the efficiency of
photosynthesis?
– Photosynthesis is an energy transformation process
that converts solar energy into chemical energy (food)
– Photosynthesis is only 1- 2% efficient
Question #2
• What does the second law of
thermodynamics state?
– Entropy increases
• Give a biological example of this law in
action.
– An increase in entropy is an increase in
randomness or disorder. Decomposition is an
example of an increase in entropy.
Question #3
• Describe the difference between potenial
energy and kinetic energy
– Potential energy is
position
• Energy of ______________
chemical bonds
• Energy that is stored in ___________
– Kinetic energy is
motion
• Energy of _________
chemical bonds are broken
• Energy that is released when ________________
Question #4
Pyramid of Biomass
Trophic_ Levels
________
100 Pounds
The Sun
1000 Pounds
10,000 Pounds
Photosynthesis (P/S)
Consumers
Heterotrophs
__________
Producers
Autotrophs
__________
Question #5
Autotrophic organisms produce their own food using solar energy. They do not need
to feed on other organisms
Autotrophs - Producers
Diatoms: Marine Phytoplankton
Autotrophic organisms are photosynthetic
Question #5
Heterotrophs feed on other organisms. They include both herbivores (primary
consumers) and carnivores (secondary consumers)
Primary Consumers - Heterotrophs
Question #5
Secondary Consumers - Heterotrophs
The mountain lion is a
seconday consumer
or carnivore.
On a simple three trophic
(feeding) level pyramid
of biomass, the
mountain lion is at the
3rd trophic level.
Question #5
Omnivores are both primary and secondary consumers
Omnivores eat both plants and meat
Coyotes, bears, bears and raccoons are omnivores
Question #6
• Based on the information in the pyramid of
biomass, would you feed a starving country rice
and beans or steak and lamb chops? Why
– Rice and beans
– You can feed 10X more people on a vegetarian diet
(people feeding as herbivores)
• 10,000 pounds of rice and beans can support 1,000 pounds
of cows and sheep which can support 100 pounds of humans
• 10,000 pounds of rice an beans can support 1,000 pounds of
humans (10X more!)
Questions # 20 and #21
Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides
Glucose
– Blood Sugar = ___________
Fructose
– Fruit Sugar = ___________
Galactose
– Milk Monosaccharide = __________
• Disaccharides
Fructose
– Sucrose = Glucose + __________
– Lactose = Glucose + __________
Galactose
– Maltose = Glucose + __________
Glucose
• Polysaccharides
plants
– Starch = Storage form of glucose in __________
animals
– Glycogen = Storage form of glucose in ________
– Cellulose = Plant__________________
cell walls (the fiber in your diet)
Questions #22 and #24
• Why is the shape of a protein important?
protein function
– Protein shape determines _______________
• What does the term denaturization mean?
alter its shape
– To denature a protein is to _______________
– Proteins can be denatured by altering the
changing the pH or the temperature
_________________________
• If an enzyme is denatured what would be the
consequence?
function
– The enzyme would not longer _______________
Question #25
• Describe the relationship between enzymes, pH,
and temperature. Use the terms protein,
denature, shape, and function in your
discussion.
proteins
– Enzymes are specialized _________
– The shape of a protein determines its ______
function
– If you alter the pH or temperature of the enzyme you
denature it
will ____________________
structure
– If you denature the enzyme you will alter its _______
function
– This of you denature the enzyme it will not ________
Question #26
• If you were the head of the MSAC cross
country team would you feed them a pasta
dinner or prime rib the night before the
race?
– I would feed them a pasta dinner. Pasta is a
carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are the primary
source of energy in the diet.
– Prime rib is protein (meat). The role of protein
it the diet is growth maintenance and repair.
Question #30
• Amino acids contain an element that is not
found in carbohydrates and lipids. What
nitrogen (N)
element is this?______
• The bond that forms between two amino
peptide bond
acids is called a _______
or polypeptide
• A chain of amino acids is called a protein
_______
• The primary structure of a protein is its
amino acids
specific sequence of _______
1
2
Pharynx
Common passageway
for food and air
Esophagus
3
Liver
6
4
(FirstSection
Section)
First
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Duodenum
Duodenum
Jejunum (Middle Section)
Ileum (Last Section)
7
Appendix
5
Small
Intestine