VERTEBRAL COLUMN - University of Kansas Medical Center
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Transcript VERTEBRAL COLUMN - University of Kansas Medical Center
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Gross Anatomy
28 inches in length
Medial border of scapula:
Runs parallel to vertebral column
Crosses ribs 2-7
Vertebral Column Regions
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)
Coccygeal (3-4)
Primary Normal Curvatures
Present at birth
Convex posteriorly
Examples:
Thoracic
Sacral
Exaggeration:
Kyphosis
Secondary Normal Curvatures
Acquired later
Concave posteriorly
Examples:
Cervical
Lumbar
Exaggeration:
Lordosis
Curvatures
Scoliosis
Spondylosis:
Refer to text: p 496
Intervertebral Articulations
Disc
(symphysis)
Synovial
Sacroiliac:
Part synovial and part fibrous
Costal
facets and demifacets
Disc (symphysis)
20-30% of length of the column
Thicker in cervical and lumbar regions:
Greater flexibility
Thinner in thoracic region:
Reduced flexibility
Structure:
Annulus fibrosus (fibrocartilage)
Nucleus pulposus (avascular)
Synovial Joints
Plane joints
No joint capsules
Between superior and inferior articulating
facets:
Direction of motion determined by orientation
of facets
Motion Segment
Functional unit of the spine
Consists of:
Two vertebrae
Intervening soft tissue
Anterior segment:
Two bodies, disc, longitudinal ligaments.
Posterior segment:
Two neural arches, apophyseal joints,
intervening ligaments.
Cervical Vertebrae
Transverse foraminae:
For vertebral arteries
Oblique articular facets
C2-C6 spines usually bifid
C7 = vertebra prominens
C1 = atlas
C2 = axis
Thoracic Vertebra
Have ribs attached:
Bicipital ribs:
To centrum
To transverse process
Centrum is heart-shaped
Articular facets more horizontal
Spinous processes longer and narrower
Typical Thoracic Vertebra
Has two costal demifacets on body:
Superior:
For articulation with head of own rib.
Inferior:
For articulation with head of inferior rib.
Has costal facets for tubercle of rib on
transverse process for own rib.
Atypical Thoracic Vertebrae
#1:
Complete costal for own rib.
Inferior costal demifacet on body for rib 2.
#10:
Complete costal facet on pedicel and body.
May have costal facet on transverse process.
#11, 12:
Costal facet on each pedicle.
No costal facets on transverse processes.
Lumbar Vertebra
Large, bulky centrum
Broad spinous processes
No rib articulations
Articular facets are sagittal
Mamillary processes:
On back rim of each superior articular
process.
Origins for multifidi.
Sacrum
Consists of 5 fused vertebrae
Wing-like processes of each vertebra=
Alae
For attachment to ilium
Lip of body of first sacral vertebra =
Sacral promontory
Sacrum
Posterior crests:
Median crest:
Fused spinous processes
Intermediate crests:
Fused articular (zygopophyseal) processes
Lateral crests:
Fused transverse processes
Sacral hiatus