Transcript Solutions - Brunswick

Bellwork
If something won’t dissolve, what can you
do?
Solutions
• Solution- homogenous mixture that may be
solid, liquid, or gas.
• Composition of the solvent and solute
determine whether the substance will dissolve.
Hide the loot
in the vent!
•Solvation- the process of surrounding solute
particles with solvent particles to form a
solution
•“Like dissolves like”
Think…
• You drop a sugar cube into a glass of water.
It sinks to the bottom. What are some things
you can do to make the sugar dissolve
faster?
Factors that affect the rate of solvation:
• Stirring/Agitating- increases the rate of
solubility. It does not affect the amount that will
dissolve.
• Temperature- higher temperatures have more
kinetic energy, so they can dissolve particles
much faster.
• Particle Size- smaller sizes dissolve faster (ex:
sugar cube vs. granulated sugar)
Solubility
• Solubility- the amount of solute that dissolves in a
quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure.
• Saturated solution- contains the maximum amount of
solute for a given amount of solvent.
• Unsaturated solution- contains less solute than a
saturated solution.
• Precipitate- insoluble solid that emerges from a
solution
• Miscible- two liquids dissolve each other in all
proportions.
• Immiscible- insoluble in one another.
Some Types of Solutions
Solute
Solvent
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Solid
Solid
Gas
Gas
Examples?
Factors Affecting Solubility
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•
Temperature and Pressure
Pressure only affects gases
Solubility increases as gas pressure increases (pop)
Solubility increases as temperature of solvent
increases.
• Saturated vs. Unsaturated
• Supersaturated- contains more solute than it can
theoretically hold.
Solubility Curves
Supersaturating a solution…
Think back to solvation…
What happens if there is no more room for water to
hug the ions?
Solubility Curves
• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/solub
le-salts
Demo
• Sodium Acetate (C2H3NaO2) dissolves in
water
• How can we increase its solubility?
• What happens when it cools back down to
room temperature?
• Predictions?