Transcript Slide 1
The Changing Landscape in Substance Abuse:
Adolescent Abuse of Rx & OTC Medicines
Spring 2006
Focus of Prevention
•
13-14
average age of first use of illicit drugs (among adolescents who have used)
•
21%
of 8 th graders report having tried an illicit drug
Sources: 2005 Monitoring the Future Study 2004 NSDUH
Attitudes Drive Behavior
Preventing drug abuse means building strong anti-drug
attitudes
among kids.
Trends in Risk and Use of Marijuana
40
%
40 30 Risk 25 32 20 Use 18 10 6 12 0 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05
Source: Monitoring the Future Study; 8 th Graders Use in Past Year
Ecstasy and Kids’ Attitudes
Perception of Risk 1998 35% 1999 35% 2000 38% 2001 46% 2002 52% 2003 56% 2004 58% 2005 60% Ever Tried 6% 8% 11% 12% 11% 8% 8% 5% Partnership Anti-Ecstasy Campaign Source: Monitoring the Future Study; 12 th Graders ever tried
Cocaine Risk and Usage Trends Among 12 th Graders
60 % 57 51 50 Risk 40 34 30 20 Use 10 13 3 0 '85 '87 '89 '91 '93 '95
Source: 2004 Monitoring the Future Study; Use in Past Year
'97 '99 '01 '03 '05 5 Partnership for a Drug-Free America®
30 % 25 20 14 10 6
Trends in Substance Abuse Among 8th Graders
Alcohol 26 21 vs. ‘96 17 -35% Cigarettes 15 Illicit Drugs 9 -57% 8 -47% 0 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05
Source: Monitoring the Future Study; Past Month Use Institute of Social Research, University of Michigan
Recent Troubling Trends • Methamphetamine (regional) • Inhalants (inhaled fumes) • Prescription drugs (pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, sedatives) • OTC drugs (antitussives, CNS stimulants, antihistamines) Sources: Monitoring the Future Study NIDA - CEWG
Significant Non-medical Use of Pain Relievers Any pain reliever Darvocet, Darvan and Tylenol with Codeine Vicodine, Lortab, Lorcet Percocet, Percodan and Tylox
19 million 16 million 11 million 31 million
Source: 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Significant Non-medical Use of Pain Relievers Hydrocodone Demerol OxyContin Morphine Ultram, Dilaudid
3 million 3 million 2 million 2 million 6 million
Source: 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Significant Non-medical Use of Other Prescription Medications
Stimulants Tranquilizers Sedatives
10 million 21 million 20 million
Source: 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Substances Most Frequently Mentioned to Poison Control Centers Ranking 1 Substance Analgesics # (000) 260 % 11% 4 Sedatives/Hypnotics 115 5% 6 12 Cough/cold preparations Antihistamines Source: 2003 TESS Annual Report 100 70 4% 3%
Treatment Admissions and Emergency Department Mentions for Narcotic Painkillers
110,000 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 Emergency Department Mentions Treatment Admissions 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Source: DAWN Report; TEDS Report
Lifetime Trial 2005 Teens 37% 20% 19% 18% 10% 10% 10% 8% 8% 6% 4% 5% 4% Marijuana RX Medicines Inhalants RX pain RX stimulants Cough Crack/ Cocaine relievers Medicine Ecstasy Meth LSD Ketamine Heroin GHB Source: 2005 Partnership Attitude Tracking Study
Pharming
Kids “getting high” using Rx or OTC drugs GHB Vicodin Creatine Andro
Changing Methods of Distribution
Hand commerce E commerce
Teen Attitudes Driving Medicine Abuse • Abuse of Rx and OTC medicines is safer than street drugs • Easily accessible via medicine cabinets and internet
Medicine Abuse is Becoming “Normalized” in Teen Culture 1 in 4 teens report having a close friend who abuses Rx/OTC medicines to get high 1 in 3 teens report being offered Rx/OTC medicines to get high Sources: 2005 PATS Teens
Our collective role in this emerging problem… Reach out to and empower parents, and provide the information and resources they need.
“Partnering With Families” TM 1.
Educate yourself about medications kids are abusing 2.
Communicate with your kids about 3.
the risks Safeguard your own medications (and ask your friends to do the same)
Parental Involvement is Key to Drug Prevention
Kids who learn a lot about the risk of drugs from their parents are up to
half as likely to use.
Source: Partnership Attitude Tracking Study
Need to Increase Parental Involvement Only
32%
of teens “learn a lot about the risk of drugs” from their parents.
Source: 2004 Partnership Attitude Tracking Study
Underestimate Vulnerability Parents My teen has friends who use ecstasy Teens I have friends who use ecstasy
9% 28%
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
Underestimate Peer Influence Parents My teen has been offered drugs Teens I have been offered drugs
36% 49%
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
Overestimate Risk Perception Parents My teen sees great risk in using methamphetamine
72%
Teens I see great risk in using methamphetamine
49%
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
Parents My teen has tried ecstasy Underestimate Use (“Not My Kid”)
1%
Teens I have tried ecstasy
9%
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
Underestimate Use (“Not My Kid”) Parents My teen has tried inhalants
3%
Teens I have tried inhalants
18%
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
Underestimate Use (“Not My Kid”) Parents My teen has tried marijuana
18%
Teens I have tried marijuana
39%
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
Preventing Rx & OTC Medicine Abuse • • Reinforce attitudes toward medically appropriate use Strengthen risk attitudes toward intentional abuse to get high
Medicine Abuse: Challenges
• • Use seen as “ safer ” than street drugs by both teens and parents Ease of access through parents’ medicine cabinet, friends and the Internet • Attitudes among vulnerable teens indicate the potential for abuse rates to double
Qualitative Research Learning Among Parents
• Parents have only
vague
, “intellectual” awareness of Rx and OTC medicine abuse among teens.
• Parents do not understand
intentional abuse to get high
by teens of Rx and OTC medicines. “I teach my children to take the proper dose”
(misuse vs. abuse)
• Parents do not understand intentional abuse of medicines to get high
in terms of risks to their children.
• The only successful communications concepts with parents used the reference of “street drugs” to get high.