Transcript Geology
Geology SOL 5.7 Geology 1 What is weathering? Answer The gradual wearing away of rock by the forces of wind, water, and ice. Geology 2 What is EROSION? Answer The moving around of weathered materials by wind, water, or ice. Geology 3 What types of geological activities cause changes to the Earth very slowly? Answer Earthquakes, volcanoes, sink holes, plate movement, weathering, and erosion Geology 4 What is an example of a change that can be made to the earth very rapidly? Answer Those caused by severe weather like tornadoes or hurricanes. Geology 5 What causes movement of material within the Earth? Answer The Earth’s heat energy Geology 6 There are over twelve of them on Earth, they float on the semi-solid mantle, and when they move, continents move with them. Answer Plates Geology 7 Where are most earthquakes and volcanoes located? Answer Along faults Geology 8 What is a fault? Answer The boundary of two plates Geology 9 What type of fault is this? Answer CONVERGENT Geology 10 What type of fault is this? Answer Divergent Geology 11 What type of fault is this? Answer Transform boundaries Strike – slip boundaries or sliding boundaries Geology 12 How can humans cause erosion? Answer Deforestation, mining And overbuilding cities, highways, and roads. Geology 13 What 6 thing can humans do to prevent or slow the process of erosion? Answer 1. By establishing governmental regulations and legislation 2. planting trees 3. creating better drainage patterns 4. contour farming 5. preserving rain forests 6. limiting pollution. Geology 14 What is the rock cycle? Answer The rock cycle is a model that shows the continual process of change in the Earth and its rocks. Geology 15 What causes rocks to change into other types of rocks? Answer Heat and pressure from the inner Earth. Geology 16 Do all changes in rocks occur very slowly? Answer No. Some changes are very rapid, others take millions of years. Geology 17 Is new material ever added to the Earth? Answer No. The material of the Earth just cycles through various forms like heating, melting, weathering, and erosion and compression. Geology 18 Can any rock become any other type of rock? Answer Yes. There is no “one way” through the rock cycle. Geology 19 What does this picture show? Answer The Rock Cycle Geology 20 Which rock sample would show us Granite? Answer 1 Based on the picture, we can see crystals. Geology 21 What type of rock are both 2 and 4? Answer Sedimentary Geology 22 What five things help us to identify rocks? Answer Composition 2. Grain Size Textural features 4. Color Presence of fossils 1. 3. 5. Geology 23 What is the name of this sample? Answer Granite Geology 24 What is the name of this sample? Answer Gneiss Geology 25 What is the name of this sample? Answer Limestone Geology 26 What is the name of this sample? Answer Sandstone Geology 27 What is the name of this sample? Answer Slate Geology 28 What is the name of this sample? Answer Shale Geology 29 What is the name of this sample? Answer Coal Geology 30 We classify rocks as Sedimentary, Igneous, or Metamorphic according to what? Answer How they were formed. Geology 31 What is a sedimentary rock? Answer A rock in which layers of sediment are cemented together. Geology 32 What is an igneous rock? Answer A rock which was formed by melting and cooling of lava and magma. Geology 33 What is a metamorphic rock? Answer A rock that was changed by heat and pressure. Geology 34 Scientific evidence indicates the Earth is very old. About how old is it? Answer 4.5 Billion years old Geology 35 What is a fossil? Answer Fossils are the remains of plants and animals that have been preserved in rock. Geology 36 What is a “relative age?” Answer A rock’s age compared to another rock. Geology 37 The process of how things have changed over time, or evolved, can be traced through what? Answer Fossils Geology 38 Fossils are indicators of past what? Answer Climate and geography Geology 39 The study of these has lead us to create a timetable that serves as a model for understanding the Earth’s past. This timetable is divided into eras (major time units). Answer Fossils Geology 40 The Earth’s interior is made up of three layers. What are they? Answer Crust Mantle Core Geology 41 The crust is made of what? Answer Rock and soil Geology 42 The mantle is made of what? Answer Mostly solid rock and some partially melted rock. Geology 43 The core is made of what? Answer Melted rock (iron and nickel) and an inner core. Geology 44 The layers of the Earth do what continuously? Answer Break, fold, overlap, and diverge. Geology 45 As depth increases below the surface of the Earth, what happens to temperature and pressure? Answer They increase also.