Transcript An Economic Comparison of Cleveland, Portland, and Seattle

An Economic Comparison of
Cleveland and Atlanta
Edward W. Hill
Senior Research Scholar, The Urban Center
Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs
Cleveland State University
Comparing the economies
Cleveland-Akron
CMSA
$88.2 billion
24.1%
2.9 million
0.8%
Atlanta
MSA
$118.3 billion
35.4%
3.6 million
16.0%
23.3%
19.4%
1997 GMP $92
% Increase 1992-97
Population 1997
% Increase 1992-97
Non-population percent
increase in GMP
Real Per Capita GMP
1997
Increase 1992-97
6/7/00
$30,249
$5,680
$32,559
$4,655
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
2
City and Metropolitan Area
Size
City
Akron
Cleveland
Atlanta
6/7/00
Population
CMSA
PMSA/MSA
1998
1998
688,952
2,908,439
2,222,731
3,746,059
City
City
Population per
Land Area
1998
Square Mile: 1998 1990 Rank
215,712
3,468
62.2 56
495,817
6,439
77.0 54
403,819
3,064
131.8 35
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Building Permits
Percent of permits issued from1990 to1996 to 1990 stock
Cleveland, A kron CMSA
A kron PMSA
Summit County
Cleveland, Elyria, Lorain PMSA
Cuyahoga County
A tlanta MSA
6/7/00
6.2
8.8
8.3
5.4
3.1
20.7
Cobb County
18.2
DeKalb County
8.9
Fulton County
14.8
Gwinnett County
36.1
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
4
Recent Unemployment
Rates
Akron PMSA
Cleveland, Elyria, Lorain PMSA
Atlanta MSA
* preliminary
6/7/00
February
1999
2000
4.7
4.9
5.0
5.1
3.3
2.8
March
1999 2000*
4.4
4.2
4.5
4.4
3.3
2.7
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
5
Percentage Point Difference Between the CMSA’s
Annual Unemployment Rate and the National Rate
7.0
6.0
Percentage Point Difference
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Year
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
-1.0
-2.0
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
6/7/00
Year
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
6
Employment Growth Index for the US, ClevelandAkron CMSA, Cleveland PMSA, and Akron PMSA
140.0
Em ploym ent Index (1979=100)
130.0
120.0
110.0
United States
Akron PMSA
Cleveland-Akron CMSA
Akron PMSA
100.0
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Cleveland PMSA
90.0
Cleveland PMSA
United States
80.0
Year
source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
6/7/00
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Metropolitan Population
Growth
Cleveland,Akron CMSA
Akron PMSA
Cleveland, Elyria, Lorain PMSA
Atlanta MSA
6/7/00
Population
Percent Change
1998
1980-1990 1990-1998
2,911,683
-2.7
1.8
688,952
-0.4
4.8
2,222,731
-3.3
0.9
3,746,059
32.5
26.6
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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City Population Change
Population
City
1998
Percent Change
1970 to 1980
1980 to 1990
1990 to 1998
1970 to 1998
Cleveland
495,817
-23.6
-11.9
-1.9
-34.0
Akron
215,712
-13.9
-6.0
-3.3
-21.7
Lorain
68,857
-3.9
-5.5
-3.4
-12.3
Elyria
56,278
7.3
-1.4
-0.8
4.9
408,819
-14.5
-7.3
2.5
-18.8
Atlanta
6/7/00
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Suburban Population Growth
Rates
Percent Change
PMSA /MSA
1970-1980
1980-1990
1990-1998
1970-1998
Cleveland, Lorain, Elyria
2.3
-0.2
2.1
4.3
Akron
5.7
2.2
10.0
18.9
Atlanta
42.8
41.9
30.3
163.9
6/7/00
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Population by Race
1996 estimates
A sian or
White
Black
Pacific
82.0
16.5
1.3
A kron PMSA
87.8
10.8
1.2
Summit Cnty
85.6
13.0
1.2
Cleveland, A kron CMSA
City of A kron (1990)
Cleveland, Elyria, Lorain PMSA
Cuyahoga Cnty
24.5
80.3
18.3
1.3
71.6
26.6
1.6
City of Cleveland (1990)
46.6
13th largest
A tlanta MSA
71.4
25.8
2.6
Fulton Cnty
44.6
53.4
1.8
City of A tlanta (1990)
6/7/00
50th largest
67.1
12th largest in nation
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Change in the Central Cities’ Share of
Metropolitan Employment: 1993-1996
Central Cities'
Employment Share
1993
1996
Akron
Cleveland
Atlanta
6/7/00
Percentage
Point
Change
39.1
37.4
-1.7
29.1
28.4
-0.7
21.6
20.2
-1.4
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Suburban and Central City Employment Growth
Rates of MSAs: 1993 to 1996
Suburban to
Employment Growth Rate Central City
M SA
Suburban Central City Growth Ratio
Akron
13.3
5.6
2.4
Cleveland
8.4
4.7
1.8
Atlanta
20.0
10.1
2.0
6/7/00
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Distribution of Employment
Cleveland-Akron CMSA: 1997
Cleveland & Akron City Total
Central Business District
Balance of City
Suburban Total
Distressed suburbs
Pre-war suburbs
Early post-war suburbs
Recently developed suburbs
Total
Total
366,940
173,581
193,359
822,974
110,323
85,725
476,476
150,450
1,189,914
Percent
Distribution
30.8%
14.6%
16.2%
69.2%
9.3%
7.2%
40.0%
12.6%
100.0%
Source: The Urban Center, Cleveland State University, ES-202
6/7/00
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Comparing the economies
Income Relations: Central City & Suburb
Inflation Adjusted Difference*
Ratio
Metropolitan
Suburban - Central City
Suburban:Central City
Statistical
Median Household Income Median Household Income
Area
1979
1989
1979
1989
Akron
14,655
15,705
1.44
1.54
Cleveland
21,219
22,688
1.77
1.54
Atlanta
18,761
19,793
1.74
1.68
6/7/00
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Poverty Over the Business
Cycle
Ohio
Cuyahoga
Lorain
Summit
Georgia
Cobb
De Kalb
Fulton
Gwinnett
6/7/00
1995
Number
Percent of
Poor
State
1,259,806
200,837
15.9%
29,014
2.3%
60,087
4.8%
1,136,374
40,353
3.6%
92,296
8.1%
147,853
13.0%
25,245
2.2%
Percent of the Population Poor
in Poverty
1995
1993
1989
11.3
13.7
12.1
14.3
18.1
14.5
10.4
11.7
10.5
11.3
14.3
13.2
15.6
16.8
14.9
7.4
8.2
5.1
15.7
16.3
10.1
20.9
23.0
20.0
5.2
5.8
3.6
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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1997 Employment Specialization
Location Quotients
Full & part-time Employment
Nonfarm proprietors
Private
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, & real estate
Services
Government
Federal (civil & military)
State and local
State
Local
6/7/00
Cleveland
OH-PA
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.5
0.8
1.1
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.5
0.9
0.5
1.0
Atlanta
GA-AL-NC
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.9
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
Akron
CMSA
0.8
1.1
0.9
1.4
0.8
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.2
1.1
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1997 Employment Specialization
Employment Growth Rates: 1992 to 1997
Employment Growth Rates
1992 to 1997
Total
Nonfarm proprietors
Private
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, & real estate
Services
Government
Federal (civil & military)
State and local
State
Local
6/7/00
BEA Regions
Cleveland
United
Cleveland
Atlanta
Akron
States
OH-PA
GA-AL-NC
CMSA
12.2%
10.8%
23.4%
10.3%
17.3%
17.8%
25.1%
18.1%
14.6%
12.2%
26.3%
11.7%
22.6%
21.7%
35.5%
20.6%
3.8%
4.3%
10.3%
1.1%
16.3%
11.8%
21.2%
8.7%
7.4%
9.1%
14.4%
7.3%
14.5%
13.1%
28.3%
12.5%
14.4%
19.5%
26.2%
23.1%
19.2%
14.5%
33.1%
14.7%
1.6%
2.3%
7.8%
0.1%
-13.7%
-10.0%
-8.3%
-12.3%
7.2%
4.7%
12.8%
3.2%
5.5%
2.0%
14.4%
0.1%
7.9%
5.2%
12.2%
3.5%
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
18
1997 Earnings Specialization
Location Quotients
Agriculure services & mining
Construction
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation services
Financial producer services
Business services
Information and research services
Nonfinancial producer services
Tourism & entertainment services
Health services
Personal & social services
Government & government enterprises
6/7/00
Bureau of Economic Analysis Areas
Northeast Ohio
Atlanta
0.3
0.0
0.9
1.1
1.9
0.7
0.8
0.5
1.1
1.8
1.0
1.1
0.8
0.3
0.7
0.9
0.7
1.5
0.8
1.5
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.0
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.8
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
Cleveland
Akron CMSA
0.3
0.9
1.6
1.1
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.2
0.9
0.8
19
1997 Earnings Specialization
Sources of Earnings
1997 Per Capita
Sources of Income
Personal income
Net earnings
Gov Transfer payments
Income maintenance
Unemployment insurance
Retirement & other
Dividends, interest, & rent
Population
6/7/00
United
States
25,288
16,787
4,147
361
76
3,710
4,354
267,743,595
BEA Regions
Cleveland
Atlanta
OH-PA
GA-AL-NC
24,713
26,119
16,132
19,106
4,505
3,137
314
269
69
33
4,122
2,835
4,077
3,876
4,650,437
4,874,548
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
Cleveland
Lorain-Elyria
PMSA
27,314
17,969
4,691
345
65
4,281
4,654
2,227,495
20
Change in Sources of Income During
the Recovery: 1992-1997
Percent Change in
Per Capita Sources of
Income: 1992-1997
Personal income
Net earnings
Gov Transfer payments
Income maintenance
Unemployment insurance
Retirement & other
Dividends, interest, & rent
Population
6/7/00
United
States
23.1%
22.4%
23.2%
13.2%
-51.0%
28.3%
25.5%
5.0%
BEA Regions
Cleveland
Cleveland
Atlanta
Lorain-Elyria
OH-PA
GA-AL-NC
PMSA
24.1%
26.9%
24.5%
23.8%
27.4%
23.9%
22.2%
24.7%
23.1%
-0.6%
15.5%
0.0%
-53.4%
-64.1%
-52.9%
27.9%
29.4%
28.6%
27.4%
26.3%
28.0%
0.8%
14.2%
0.2%
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Educational Attainment Adult
Population: 1990
CMSA
MSA
Metropolitan
Cleveland
Atlanta Average** Median
College
Percent
19.0%
26.8%
22.5%
18.8%
Rank*
134
32
Some College Percent
23.9%
26.1%
25.9%
25.6%
Rank*
184
127
High School Percent
33.4%
26.7%
28.6%
30.6%
Rank*
84
226
Less Than HS Percent
23.7%
20.5%
23.0%
23.8%
Rank*
144
197
Source: 1990 Census of Population, PUMS
* Among 284 metropolitan areas
** Weighted average of all metropolitan areas
6/7/00
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
22
Index of Higher Educational
Attainment: Adults Age 25 ands above in 284 CMSAs and
MSAs in 1990
Metro Area
Denver
San Francisco
Phoenix
Austin
Minneapolis
Dallas
Atlanta
Detroit
Flint
Chicago
Charlotte
St. Louis
Boston
Dayton
Columbus
Indianapolis
Buffalo
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Louisville
Pittsburgh
6/7/00
Educated Labor
Ranking
15
16
18
26
28
35
79
92
108
113
116
133
145
148
152
163
164
179
183
191
233
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
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Percent of Adult Central City
Residents with BA or Higher: 1990
City
Akron
Cleveland
Atlanta
6/7/00
Percent Adults with
BA or Higher: 1990
14.9
8.1
26.6
The Urban Center, Cleveland State University
24