Transcript REiPS logic mapping - Institute of Environmental

WRAP’s collaborative approach to
Pathfinder projects
Mark Barthel
Special Adviser – Product Sustainability, WRAP
IEMA Webinar
12 August 2014
What is PSF?
• Collaboration of organisations made up of grocery and
home improvement retailers and suppliers, academics,
NGOs, trade & professional bodies and UK Governments
• It provides a platform for these organisations to work
together to collect, analyse and share the best available
evidence on the environmental performance of products
• Works alongside similar initiatives being undertaken
around the world through an international network
• Our goal is to create focus and maximise the impact of
our interventions
Research
& Evidence
Life Cycle
Hotspots
Existing
Initiatives
Key actors
Filling gaps in knowledge & driving action
Driving
Collaborative
Change
Priority Products
Focusing on the products that
matter
Tackling hotspots Pathfinder activity Knowledge Base
Focus on product category, cross- Real world product improvement
On-line data & resources
cutting and product system
hotspots
programmes (pilots, working groups,
industry implementation)
Building industry skills, capacity and capability on product sustainability
Measurement
& Reporting
Product sustainability focused collaborative framework
Work in international value chains supported by a growing
international network of product sustainability initiatives
Bananas
Bath &
shower products Beef
Beer
Biscuits
Butter
Cakes,
pastries, etc.
Canned
seafood
Canned
meat
Canned
vegetables
Carbonates
Cat & dog food
Cheese
Chocolate
Cider
& perry
Coffee
Deli-food
Deodorant
Dilutables
Dishwashing
products
Eggs
Fish &
seafood
Frozen
vegetables
General
Ice-cream &
cleaning products frozen desserts
Juices
Lamb
Laundry
detergent
Milk
& cream
Margarine
Nappies
Onions
Pizza
Pork
Potato crisps
Potatoes
Poultry
Pre-packed
sandwiches
Processed
snacks
Ready meals
Toilet &
kitchen rolls
Tomatoes
Wine
Rice
Spirits
Sugar
confectionery
Tea
Introduction
Hotspots
Bread & rolls
Opportunities
Breakfast cereals
Resources
Feedback
Top 50
products
Yogurts
Help
Inputs & impacts
Almost 0.52MtCO2e GHGs
> 4177GJ energy input
> 142 065 million litres
water footprint
Potatoes
4th largest sales volume by
product mass
Over 1,925 M tonnes a year
Hotspots include
Guidance materials
Whole Chain - Waste
Distribution - Materials
10 highly relevant
Reduction Opportunities.
Agriculture - Water
5 Action Plans
Agriculture – GHG emissions
5 Topic Guides
Extends to top 50 products
Hotspots – Potatoes
Submit
feedback
Notes
• The hotspots, left, can be
used to target efforts –
however actual
performance will be
dependent on the specifics
of your supply chain.
• Numbers in brackets
denote numbered reference
in references slide.
• Evidence level: High - Well
studied product type, good
understanding of key
issues.
• 6th largest food commodity
Reducing waste reduces resource consumption at all stages upstream
globally, with the UK being
Notable primary & secondary hotspots
12th largest potato producer
Potatoes are commonly wasted in home; about
(4).
Energy for machinery and irrigation, fertiliser
770,000t per year (14). Grading and packing
•
Accounts for c. 45% - 55%
& pesticide use are a key source of emissions
losses can reach rates of up to 25% (14), which
of total water used
(3, 4, 10).
results in potatoes going to secondary markets
irrigation. Main growing
for animal feed (19).
region - Eastern England –
Main outdoor crop in the UK - around 50%
under water stress in dry
Depending on length of storage, impacts of
needing irrigation in summer (4,18).
summers (4).
climate control can be significant (5).
Different consumer cooking methods can
• Some key variables that
Peat sometimes used for conservation during
double the life cycle energy use (1). Up to
affect performance are
long distance transport of imported potatoes
75% of GHG emissions (9).
explored on a later slide.
(e.g. new potatoes) (9).
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
Opportunities
Help
Variables affecting potato impacts
Submit
feedback
Cooking methods
Growing
Potatoes are low impact, so cooking is a major contributor to
the footprint of potatoes. For oven baked potatoes it’s
around 70% of the impact; 55% for everyday potatoes and
40% for new potatoes
Providing tips to reduce cooking times could
reduce the consumer impact considerably,
this
could include microwave cooking instructions
on packs (1), cutting potatoes smaller and
use of a metal skewer to reduce cooking time.
The yield of potatoes can vary significantly based on potato variety.
For example, the yield per hectare for new potatoes is considerably
lower than that of other varieties. Lower yield varieties will usually have
a
higher impact per kilogram of product than old
potatoes (13).
The use of Nitrogen fertiliser during production is a
significant source of GHG impacts in potato growing (5).
However, since the 1980’s the potato industry has significantly reduced
the amounts of NPK fertilisers used by at least a third (Potatoes: A low
impact crop?(ADAS 2011/12)). Potato production uses 45% - 55% of
all water used to irrigate crops in the UK (4). The energy use required
to deliver the irrigated water varies (from 1.6-3.5 kWh/mm water/ha)
depending on delivery method (25).
Storage
Some studies show storage as a hotspot for maincrop
potatoes which must be held in cold storage
for up to half a year from harvest in Autumn
through to the next cropping season. The
need to store potatoes longer and to
maintain quality without the use of chemicals requires
energy (24) and this can account for 17% of pre-consumer
impacts (5). The industry is responding by innovative store
improvements e.g. installation of inverters, photovoltaics
and ground source refrigeration
Local vs. imported potatoes
Imported potatoes have about twice the GHG impact per kg of their
local equivalents. This is mainly due to the need for
chilled storage, transportation also contributes to this
impact (13). In the UK, usually only new potatoes are
imported, often out of season, but these make up a
minority of potato consumption in the UK (26).
Waste
Potatoes are among the most wasted foodstuffs in the UK – up to 40% of potatoes grown are not used (12). The
amount of waste in the supply chain is low compared to that arising from households and generally the level of
waste at any particular stage in the supply chain is around 1% to 3% (26). One major cause of this wastage is
inappropriate storage methods causing unnecessary spoilage of the potatoes. Other causes are consumer
demand for non-blemished potatoes, poor use of ‘leftovers’, field loss, mechanised harvest damage, weather
damage (e.g. Maris Piper wet rot), incorrect in-store handling (26).
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
Opportunities
Help
Precision agriculture
Hotspot
Product sustainability opportunity
Submit
Submit
feedback
A common definition of precision agriculture (PA) is the application of inputs at the right time, in the right place, in the right
amount, from the right source, in the right manner (1). Key to PA is the realisation that while on a 1000ha farm in the U.S.
PA might involve sophisticated informational systems and a suite of autopilots, PA on a 0.5ha farm in India may simply
involve a team of highly skilled workers, and improved knowledge transfer. One report suggests that a 20% improvement in
nutrient use efficiency by 2020 would reduce use of nitrogen fertilizer by 20 million tonnes annually. This in turn could
produce a net saving worth around £110 billion per annum (4).
Case study – Microdosing in Africa
Research carried out for the
International Crops Research Institute
for the Semi-Arid Tropics has led to
the introduction of microdosing applied
directly to plants using bottlecaps for
measurement. This simple technique to
apply the right amount of fertilizer has
led to increases in yield of 44-120%, as
well as income increases of 50-130%.
Other key resources & initiatives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Case study – PepsiCo UK & i-crop
PepsiCo UK have invested in i-crop
and Cool Farm Tool as part of their
50 in 5 campaign.
By 2011, 70 of PepsiCo’s British
suppliers had adopted the
technologies. This has led to
growers achieving a 7% reduction in
carbon output and a 10% drop in
water use.
Precision agriculture: challenges and opportunities in a flat world – proceedings from the 19th World Congress of Soil Science
The National Centre for Precision Farming – research platform for PA run by Harper Adams University
Potential for information technologies to improve decision making – summary of PA technologies for the livestock sector
Our Nutrient World – report framing the challenge of producing more food with less nutrient input
Further precision farming links provided by Harper Adams University, including HGCA precision farming advice
Centre for Precision Agriculture – UK forum, including case studies
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
Opportunities
Help
Benefits of soil management
Product sustainability opportunity
Submit
Submit
feedback
Despite soil being a fundamental natural resource upon which agricultural production relies, it is consistently undervalued
and is in a state of global decline. Some 40% of soil used for agriculture is either degraded or seriously degraded, and
estimates suggest we have lost ~70% of global topsoil – the layer of soil allowing plants to grow (1). Healthy soil can act
as a buffer against climate change; UK soils alone contain 10bn tCO2, 50 times the UK’s annual emissions (3).
Threats & remedial measures
Case studies – Pigs & arable
UK soils face three main threats (3):
1. Soil erosion – 2.2mt topsoil is eroded p.a. in the UK at
a cost of £45m, incl. £9m in lost production
2. Organic matter decline – severely reduces soil
quality, holding less water, and costing £82m p.a.
3. Compaction – reduces productivity, but is reversible
through land management practice
Soil management best practice will include any of the
following practices: reduced tillage, nutrient management,
encouraging stubble, and managing overgrazing (1).
An arable farm showed a net benefit
of £27/ha over a 7 year period
incorporating straw as organic matter.
Fuel costs dropped 20-30% as
tractors required less power to drive
on healthier soil (5).
A 320ha farm with a 300 sow pig unit saw an increase in
net profit of over £60/ha in a 10 year period. The farm
uses pig waste as farmyard manure, saving 60-80
units/year of inorganic fertiliser equivalent (5).
Other key resources & initiatives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
See also How to use digestate as a fertiliser substitute action plan
World Economic Forum interview with Professor John Crawford (University of Sydney), a world expert on soil
Protecting our Water, Soil and Air – gives a good practice guide for soil management
Safeguarding our Soils – A Strategy for England – outlines Defra’s strategy for sustainable soil management by 2030
Soil Protection Review – outlines the regulatory compliance and benefit schemes for soil management
Profiting from soil organic matter – a guide to improving soil organic matter management
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
Opportunities
Help
Reducing consumer food waste
Hotspot
Product sustainability opportunity
Submit
Submit
feedback
In the UK, 7.2 million tonnes of food and drink is wasted every year, 4.4 million of which is avoidable. The average UK
household currently spends £480 on wasted food every year, totalling £12 billion overall. WRAP reported a significant
reduction between 2006/7 and 2010 (13%) (1) but a range of opportunities exist for retailers and manufacturers to help
further reduce this waste, and deliver significant financial (for customers) and environmental benefits.
Raising awareness and enabling
behaviour change
Case studies: Changes to products
Changes to products, packaging and labelling
makes it easier for consumers to buy the
right amount and use what they buy.
• M&S were the first to introduce ‘freeze
before the date’ labelling, replacing ‘freeze
on day of purchase’, giving consumers
more flexibility to freeze what they may
not eat in time.
• ‘Display until’ dates are being removed by
many retailers and brands, reducing
confusion and giving prominence to the
important dates.
• ASDA launched new packaging for their
extra special Royal Jersey potatoes that
increases shelf life and reduces waste
A combination of large-scale campaigns and local
engagement is an effective way to help consumers realise
the benefits of throwing away less food, and giving them
the tools and confidence to make small changes to the
way they shop, store and cook food. Morrisons Great
Taste Less Waste had regular articles in their magazine
and on-line tips and advice, whilst Sainsbury’s Make your
roast go further campaign provided its customers with
leftover recipes designed to incorporate key ingredients
from a roast. The Co-op regularly includes Love Food
Hate Waste messages on till-screens, reaching millions of
customers in store.
Other key resources & initiatives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Household food waste resource listing – summary of WRAP partner resources to use to reduce household food and drink waste
Courtauld Commitments Phase Two Case Studies November 2012 – WRAP report providing a list of useful case studies
Love Food Hate Waste partners site – wide range of resources available for partners to use free of charge
New estimates for household food and drink waste in the UK – WRAP report providing food waste estimates for 2011
What retailers and brands are doing to help you reduce food waste – Love Food Hate Waste report
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
Opportunities
Help
Securing crop supply through whole crop purchasing
Action Plan
Download
Action Plan
Hotspot
The level of supply security and supply chain resilience are expected to fall in the short to medium term while price volatility
will continue to increase due to global demand and climate change. Whole Crop Purchasing (WCP) is a practice that
involves manufacturers or retailers buying an entire crop from producers and then incorporating below-sellable quality food
to other parts of their supply chain. Buying the entire crop allows you to benefit from increased cost and supply control
whilst at the same time providing a secure market for producers that can reduce overproduction, storage and other supply
chain waste.
Implementation Process
This Action Plan focuses on how
to secure local and global supply
of produce through a whole crop
purchasing system.
Retailers should work closely with
producers to establish the viability
of implementation and potential
savings. Waste levels in the field
are often not well known or
reported and can potentially
produce a large saving if reduced.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Develop
resource
maps
Engage
suppliers in
WCP
discussions
Retailer
Identify key
commodities
Producer
Engage in partnership discussions with
major retail customers
Step 4
Identify suitable
subcontracting
sorting/
packhouse
partners
Develop logistics
plan with
partners
Step 5
Trial with
select
producers
Trial
relationship
with one crop
Resources
1. The Future of Food and Farming – exploration of global food pressures between now and 2050
2. Fruit and vegetable resource maps – fresh fruit and vegetable waste or lost in the UK’s food supply chain
3. Household food and drink waste in the UK – estimates of food waste from UK homes
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
Opportunities
Help
PSF Knowledge Base
Contact: [email protected]
Pathfinder Projects
• Whole chain resource efficiency
•
Potatoes from farm-to-fork (Co-op)
•
Milk into chocolate supply chain (Nestle)
•
Temperature Control and Process Optimisation for fish (Sainsbury’s)
•
Reducing waste in the onion processing chain (William Jackson)
•
Apples value chain farm to retail (Musgraves)
•
Soft Drinks Roadmap Raw Materials Sourcing
•
Beef supply chain
•
Pork/Bacon supply chain
•
Bakery looking at a sliced bread value chain
Pathfinder Projects
• Supply chain stages
•
Raw Materials Risk Tool
•
Unintended Product Residue (UPR) (INCPEN and Boots)
•
Sustainable Buying – tackling hotspots at the ‘raw materials’ stage
•
Embedding sustainability in product design & development (Sainsbury’s)
Thank you
[email protected]
www.wrap.org.uk/psf
www.product-sustainability.net