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How can we recognize and reward quality teaching and learning? Denise Chalmers Centre for the Advancement of Teaching and Learning National TQI project leader TQI Project Website: http://www.catl.uwa.edu.au/tqi National approaches to teaching quality • Audit (AUQA) • Accreditation (National Protocols) • Performance funding (Learning & Teaching Performance Fund) • Performance budgeting (Formula-based & negotiated) • Performance reporting (Institutional, national, international) • Surveys and tests (AGS: CEQ, GDS) Each of these performance models draws on performance indicators of different types (input, output, process, outcome) for different purposes. We understand indicators more at the national level than at the institutional level Types of performance indicators - quantitative INPUT Human, financial and physical resources involved in supporting institutional programs, activities and services eg funding, student entry and background data and staff data OUTPUT Usually student related Information, has ‘political’ use regarding information on efficiency but provides little information regarding quality of teaching and learning eg retention rate, progression rate, completion rate Types of performance indicators - qualitative PROCESS Quality of the means used to deliver educational programs, activities and services, looks at how the system operates within its particular context, investigates the core of student learning experience (quality of teaching, curriculum, assessment) Eg Policies and practices related to L and T, performance management and professional development of staff, quality of curriculum and the assessment of student learning and quality of facilities, services and technology OUTCOME Quality of programs, activities and services or their benefits to students, states and society. Measure complex processes and results in terms of their quality and impact. Eg student satisfaction, student learning, student grades, employer satisfaction National Teaching Quality Indicators project • Funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (formerly Carrick Institute) • Focus is on developing teaching quality indicators at the institutional level and identifying some of these for use at the national level • Framework developed and indicators identified which contribute to the enhancement of student learning – Uses different types of indicators to inform institutional planning and practices – Flexible, allows for institutional priorities and context to determine focus and implementation – Potential for benchmarking across institutions, programs of study Dimensions of quality teaching practice framework Learner Individual Teacher Assessment Engagement & learning community processes Diversity Institutional climate and systems Learning Teaching Institution inputs ou t c o m e s outputs The framework • Relationship between dimensions - learner and learning; teacher and teaching • Indicators – Input, Process, Output, and Outcomes are all necessary and need to be part of the model. Important not to privilege one type of indicator over the others • Multilevel – individual teacher, programs and departments, faculties, institutional and across organisational units • Framework tables – offer a bank of items that are tested in practice Institutional climate and systems 1. Student centred learning perspective 2. Development of desirable teaching characteristics 3. Relevant teaching experience and qualifications 4. Use of current research findings to inform teaching, curriculum development 5. Valuing teaching, teachers - Recognising and rewarding quality teaching - Requiring relevant teaching experience, qualifications, development 6. Provision of support services 7. Funding model that supports learning and teaching Diversity 1. Accounting for and valuing diversity of students 2. Provision of adequate support services 3. Active recruitment and admissions 4. Provision of transition and academic support 5. Providing multiple pathways for learning 6. Active staff recruitment 7. Accounting for and valuing diversity of staff 8. Providing multiple pathways for reward and recognition of staff Engagement and learning community 1. Student engagement a. Engaging in supportive learning environments b. Educational interactions between staff and students c. Challenging academic engagements d. Active learning experience e. Constructive teaching f. Complementary activities g. Collaborative academic work and other settings 2. Fostering and facilitating learning communities 3. Social connections 4. Community, work, discipline connections 5. Staff engagement Assessment 1. Assessment policies address issues of pedagogy 2. Evidence-based approach to assessment policies 3. Alignment between policies, levels, organisational units 4. Alignment between objectives, graduate attributes, assessment tasks and types 5. Formative assessment 6. Provision of timely and developmental feedback 7. Explicit learning outcomes 8. Value of graduates and graduate outcomes 9. Establishing standards and moderation processes Reward and recognise quality teaching (see table) Uses each type of indicators • Input, Output, Process and Outcome Implemented at a number of levels • Institution, Faculty, Department, Teacher Flexible and sensitive to context Project stages Stage 1: Investigation and development of framework • Studies and reports (see website) • Draft Framework of dimensions of quality practice developed • Tools with embedded teaching quality indicators identified at the institutional, faculty, program and teacher levels • Broad consultation with Reference Group, pilot universities, Universities Australia group, AUQA, DEEWR Stage 2: Pilot implementation of framework • Mapping of Draft Framework and development of tools in pilot universities • Consultation and revision of Framework and tools • Review and evaluation Pilot implementation of framework University of Western Australia Reward and recognition (ICS) Macquarie University Reward & recognition (ICS) University of Queensland Assessment >*Funding (ICS) RMIT Assessment Griffith University Assessment University of Tasmania Diversity Deakin University Engagement & communities University of South Australia Engagement & communities Project deliverables and outcomes to date • Contribution to scholarship on teaching and learning indicators • Testing a framework and model of teaching quality indicators, trailed in different types of universities • Building a shared language regarding teaching performance • An multilevel approach to teaching quality • Improved links and increased transparency to reward and recognise quality teaching and learning throughout the university • Enhanced opportunities and tools for benchmarking • Opportunity for institutional renewal • A core set of indicators that can be shared between institutions • A core set of materials that can be used to undertake to process of developing and embedding institutional indicators around the framework. Acknowledgements Deakin University Prof John Rosenberg, Prof Marcia Devlin, Jennifer Brockett Griffith University Prof John Dewar, Prof Sue Spence, Lynda Davies Macquarie University Prof Judyth Sachs*, Bronwyn Kosman, Barb McLean University of Queensland Prof Michael Keniger, Prof Deborah Terry, Anne Gilmore RMIT Prof Jim Barber, Josephine Lang University of South Australia Prof Peter Lee, Prof Margaret Hicks, Narelle Walker University of Tasmania Prof David Rich, Prof Gail Hart, Steve Heron University of Western Australia Prof Jane Long, Jacqueline Flowers * Leader of the pilot group of universities University of Western Australia 1. Online Database of Teaching and Learning –build a comprehensive database of teaching and learning policy, practice and projects across all Faculties and central administrative units of the University. 2. Reward and Recognition Indicators Project (2 parts) • Criteria Project criteria of quality teaching for use in promotion & tenure processes and to align with Professional Development Review processes. • Professional Development Project – Comprehensive professional development program (central and localised) to support criteria Macquarie University Institutional Climate and Systems (Reward and recognition of quality teaching) • Appointment, probation, performance, appraisal, promotion and management - a comprehensive review of the existing academic promotions policy and its underlying principles and philosophy. • Development and Implementation of an Institution-wide Policy Framework. A single source for all approved policies, procedures and guidelines has been created available via the Macquarie University home page (refer to Policy Central at www.mq.edu.au/policy). • Benchmarking with the University of Western Australia.