Transcript Loneliness predicts increased SBP

Loneliness: Cause & Target
Louise Hawkley, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
University of Chicago
Prepared for:
NIA/IPSR Workshop
May 21, 2009
Loneliness: The why
“All doctors soon learn that
their patients consult them far
less often for specific illnesses
than because they are
unhappy and seek relief from
their loneliness and despair”
(Goldberg, 2001).
“I can tell you without a
doubt that virtually everyone I
see comes to me because of
some deficiency of human
contact. Indeed, I am
increasingly sought out
because people feel lonely,
isolated, or confused at work.
They feel cut off” (Hallowell,
1999, p. 126).
“What makes life valuable for
those of us with mental
illness?...Exactly what is
necessary for other people. We
need to feel wanted, accepted
and loved…We need support
from friends and family…We
need to feel a part of the
human race, to have friends.
We need to give and receive
love” (Davidson & Stayner,
1997).
Loneliness: The who
Loneliness was related to:
More lonely40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
Less lonely
18-30 yrs
40-60
61-79
Hawthorne, 2008; Pinquart & Sorenson, 2003
80+ yrs
– Marital status
– Lack of spousal confidant
– Number of voluntary
associations
– Physical health symptoms
& disability
– Chronic work and/or social
stress
– Small social network
– Poor quality social
relationships
Hawkley, Hughes, et al., 2008
Loneliness: The what
Cacioppo, Hawkley, et al., 2006
Booth, R. (2000). Loneliness as a component of psychiatric
disorders: The relationship between loneliness and depression.
Medscape General Medicine, 2(2).
Loneliness: The how
Cultures
Institutions
Neighborhoods
Social Networks
Perceived Stress
and Coping
Exposure to
Stressors & Life Events
Health
Behaviors
Recuperative
Processes
Individual Differences
Physiological Resilience
AGE
Stress
Response
Previous findings
TPR: 18-25 yr-olds
SBP: 50-68 yr-olds
*
Hawkley, Thisted, Masi, & Cacioppo (under review)
Loneliness predicts increases in SBP
Age
Female
Black
Hispanic
Diploma
Smoker1
Exsmoker1
BMI1
Exercise1
Alcohol1
Antilipid1
CVagent1
Charlson1
Smoker2
Exsmoker2
BMI2
Exercise2
Alcohol2
Antilipid2
CVagent2
Charlson2
.740**
L1
L2
Smoker3
Exsmoker3
BMI3
Exercise3
Alcohol3
Antilipid3
CVagent3
Charlson3
.771**
.005
.058
.189†
BP1
Age
Female
Black
Hispanic
Diploma
Smoker1
Exsmoker1
BMI1
Exercise1
Alcohol1
Antilipid1
CVagent1
Charlson1
-.104
BP2
Smoker2
Exsmoker2
BMI2
Exercise2
Alcohol2
Antilipid2
CVagent2
Charlson2
.771**
.015
-.053
.513**
L3
Smoker4
Exsmoker4
BMI4
Exercise4
Alcohol4
Antilipid4
CVagent4
Charlson4
.489**
Smoker3
Exsmoker3
BMI3
Exercise3
Alcohol3
Antilipid3
CVagent3
Charlson3
.015
-.198†
.17*
.489**
L5
-.104
-.104
BP3
.771**
.015
-.029
.17*
L4
Smoker5
Exsmoker5
BMI5
Exercise5
Alcohol5
Antilipid5
CVagent5
Charlson5
BP4
Smoker4
Exsmoker4
BMI4
Exercise4
Alcohol4
Antilipid4
CVagent4
Charlson4
-.037
.17*
.489**
BP5
Smoker5
Exsmoker5
BMI5
Exercise5
Alcohol5
Antilipid5
CVagent5
Charlson5
Hawkley, Thisted, Masi, & Cacioppo (under review)
Loneliness: The now what?
LONELINESS:
TARGET
Meta-Analysis:
Which treatments,
for how long, and
for whom?
Single Group Pre-Post Design (N=11)
ES = -0.401; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.34; p < .001
Non-Randomized Group Comparison Design (N=12)
ES = -0.468; 95% CI: -0.62, -0.32; p < .001
Randomized Group Comparison Design (N=18)
Masi, Chen, Hawkley, & Cacioppo (under review)
ES = -0.032; 95% CI: -0.13, 0.07; p > .5