Transcript Ecotourism and Community Benefits Taiko Lemayian and

Community Based Tourism
Framework in Kenya
Taiko Lemayian
KECOBAT
Presentation to Ecotourism Kenya's
4th Annual Conference
AMREF Centre
21st February 2012
LAYOUT
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Definitions
Definition
History
Why CBT
Features
Policy, Laws, and Strategies
Recommendations
Recommendations
COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM
 “facet of tourism that empowers local
residents (often rural, poor and marginalized
) take charge in decision making over
tourism development in their areas and work
with other stakeholders to develop
opportunities for employment, participation
in planning, conservation and running of
enterprises either collectively, or by local
individuals or families”
Background
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Hunting in the late 1890’s and in the 70’s
‘Modern’ CBT been in Kenya for the last 20 years;
Largely driven by conservation agenda;
KWS Community Wildlife Programmes in 1989
Wildlife for Development Fund 1993
Conservation of Biodiversity Resource Area (COBRA)
Project (1993 -7)
EU Funding of CBTE’s 1997-2001
Conservation of Resources through Enterprise (CORE)
Project
TTF (2002 - 2008)
EU/DANIDA Conservation 2010 - 2015
Why Community Based Tourism
 Its an export consumed at the point of production.
 is labour intensive offering unique job opportunities to women
and the youth who are often sidelines in the market economy;
 big multiplier effects,
 require low capital,
 Low skills and TK
 Promotes conservation
 is the second leading foreign currency earner for Kenya and is
projected to sustain the growth for a while longer;
 Need for tourism diversification,
 recognized by government as a strategic tool to alleviate poverty
and the No.1 vehicle to spearhead Kenya to industrialization in
the Strategy 2030’s Economic Pillar;
Features
 Categorised broadly into;
– Attractions based
– Accommodation based
– Activity based
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Propelled by conservation agenda
Donor cycle
No 2nd CBNRM level
Ownership high
Minimal skills and participation
POLICY, LAWS & STRATEGIES
 Sessional Paper No.1 of 2010 & Tourism
Act 2010
– recognizes the close linkages between tourism to
ecological sustainable development of the country’s
natural and heritage resources
– Act fails to provide adequate institutional arrangement to
safeguard above
– Mechanism for CBT mainstreaming and affirmative
integration action.
– Financial access and business advisory services
– Marketing
 Forest Act 2005
– Participatory forest Management thro CFA’s
– Rights to participate in ecotourism activities
 Draft Wildlife bill, 2009
– Provisions for landowners to participate in
wildlife based tourism
– Wildlife user rights
 Environmental Management and
Coordination Act (EMCA)
– Establishes legal and institutional arrangement
for environmental management
Vision 2030
 Tourism goal
– be among the top ten long haul tourist destination
globally.
 Strategies
– Offering new products
– Expanding tourist expenditure per capita
– Improving her international ,marketing strategies
 Niche Products
– Eco –tourism, Water-based tourism & Cruise tourism,
Youth and Sports-tourism, Cultural-tourism, Agrotourism, Business and Conference tourism, Medical
tourism, Aqua tourism
The Constitution
The Fourth Schedule outlines the distribution of functions
between national and County Governments.
 Functions and powers of County governments will, inter
alia, be:
– Cultural
activities, public entertainment and
amenities such as
– Betting, casinos & other forms of gambling
– Cinemas, Racing, video shows & hiring
– Libraries ,Museums
– Sports and cultural activities & facilities
– County parks ,beaches & recreational facilities.
Recommendations
 National CBTE framework
– Facilitate JV partnerships, leases, revenue sharing,
conflict resolution guidelines
 Diversifying the destination, including more
CBT products
 Enhance means to influence private sector
behaviour
– Use concession processes and investment deals (tax
holidays etc)
– awards, codes, certification
 Invest in hospitality skills of unskilled &
semi-skilled people
– Tailor made and ex situ
 Facilitating destination-level
partnerships
– Leverage govt ‘s unique convening power
 Boosting local craft and tourist shopping
– Upgrade product quality, supply and fit with
tourist tastes
– sales venues (Beach Stalls)
– Ensure tourists have information, incentives and
capacity to spend more locally
 Stimulating micro and small tourism
enterprises
– Business support: training, credit and business development
services
– Ensure licensing and regulations CBTE’s friendly
– Provide simple infrastructure to catalyse SMMEs (Toilets in
TZ)
– Facilitate access to private sector linkages and mentorship
programme
– Stimulate market demand for CBT products (BEE SA)
– Create events to bring tourists and service providers together
(Carnivals, Festivals, Sports etc )
 CBTE’s Strategic Boards
•Provision for mechanism to channel financial
flows to communities
•Revenue sharing and mechanism to tap into
philanthropic flows
•Ethic
Thank You