Transcript Document

World University Rankings
Phil Baty
Deputy Editor
Times Higher Education
magazine
Abuja, Nigeria, 22 April, 2009
About Times Higher Education
The weekly magazine for all higher education professionals
About Times Higher Education
The weekly magazine for all higher education professionals
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Founded in 1971 as a tabloid newspaper
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Published every Thursday
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Re-launched in January 2008 as a weekly magazine for all
professionals in higher education
Part of TSL Education Limited, publisher of the Times Educational
Supplement
The leading publication for UK and international recruitment advertising
About www.timeshighereducation.co.uk
The dedicated website for higher education news, jobs and
resources
About www.timeshighereducation.co.uk
The dedicated website for higher education news, jobs and
resources
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Website launched in 1994
All news, opinions, book reviews etc from weekly print section
published on-line every Thursday
Now re-launched with dedicated daily higher education news
and opinions section. Includes blog postings from around the
world
All universities’ job vacancies advertised on line
More than 1 million page impressions a month, 400 monthly
unique users
Website has international audience: 44 per cent UK; 18 per cent
US; 3.4 per cent Australia. But only 0.15 per cent Nigeria.
www.timeshighereducation.co.uk
About Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings
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Times Higher Education, with partners QS, launched a new ranking of world
universities in 2004.
QS was founded in 1989 by Nunzio Quacquarelli during his MBA and began
as an MBA career guide. Based in London, Paris and Singapore, QS now
employs 100 staff, Promotes career/educational international mobility.
Annual rankings published every year since 2004
2009 Rankings to be published in Times Higher Education magazine, and on
www.timeshighereducation.co.uk on 8 October, 2009
Why world rankings?
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Higher Education is a truly international sector
The UK government made a call for a ranking to ensure that the UK’s
fast-expanding university system was competitive on the world stage
Universities becoming more global – in terms of student and staff
recruitment, and research collaboration
5 million students to be studying outside their home country by 2010. In
China, for example, there were more than 140,000 foreign students in
2005, compared to 45,000 in 2009.
If we did not do it, someone else from outside the higher education
sector would. And many are now doing so.
Increasing demand for international comparative information as global
competition increases
The THE-QS approach to World Rankings
The four pillars
How are the Rankings compiled?
The six criteria
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Academic Peer Review.
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Employer Review
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Citations per faculty member
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International Students
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International Faculty
Academic peer review
A global survey of academics, asking respondent to identify
universities they consider excellent in their own broad filed
of knowledge
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Peer review is the centerpiece of the rankings. This measure accounts for 40
per cent of a university’s overall score.
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It is our way of ensuring academic value is added
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Academics have to enter our survey from an academic site (.ac.uk, .edu etc).
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They are simply asked to name up to 30 institutions they regard as the best in
the world in the field in which they work (arts and humanities, social sciences,
science, biomedicine and technology.
Range from lecturers to university presidents
In 2008, 6,354 people gave views, nominating an average of 20 universities
each, giving more than 120,000 data points. Questions on both inside and
outside their own country – to avoid response bias by country.
Academic peer review
Who do we ask?
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The opinions that make up the peer review score are taken
from responses to a survey distributed worldwide:
Top Responding Countries
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our previous respondents;
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To subscribers to The World Scientific.
www.worldscientific.com, from which 180,000 email
addresses are drawn, and;
From the International Book Information Service, from
Mardev. www.mardev.com
Also coming soon: A new academic sign-up facility, where
people can volunteer to become peer-reviewers. They are
not able to vote for their own institutions. See:
www.topuniversities.com
Academic peer review
The top responding countries for 2008
2008 Top Responding Countries
United States
United Kingdom
Australia
Italy
Canada
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Germany
Malaysia
638
563
286
277
239
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228
201
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180
Five subject areas: arts and humanities; engineering and IT; life sciences and
biomedicine; natural sciences; and social sciences.
For each subject area, a regional weighting is applied to ensure equal representation
from our three “super regions”: America; Europe; and Middle East, Africa and Asia
Pacific.
Employer review
A global survey of employers, with experience of recruiting from
universities, asking where they like to recruit their graduates
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This measure makes up 10 per cent of an institution’s overall score
(added for the first time in the 2005 rankings)
Includes major global employers who recruit around the world –
active recruiters. Sourced through QS network of contacts, QS
database, and since 2007, employers nominated by the universities
themselves
Asked simply which universities they like to recruit from
2008 included the opinion of 2,339 recruiters in every field, from
mining to media
Amalgamates up to three years of data
They are 43 per cent American, 32 per cent European and 25 per
cent Asia pacific
Employer review
A global survey of employers, with experience of recruiting from
universities, asking where they like to recruit their graduates
Top Responding countries
United States
United Kingdom
Australia
Mexico
Netherlands
Singapore
Russia
India
Argentina
Greece
346
269
178
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Citations per faculty member
Using data provided by Scopus, this measure combines
research productivity and quality, taking into account the scale
of an institution
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This measure makes up 20 per cent of an institution’s overall score
We measure the number of citations per published papers from a
university, and divide it by the number of full-time equivalent staff it
employs.
We do not measure citations per paper, because we want to show
the density of “brainpower” on campus
Scopus data covers a five year period. Scopus owned by Elsevier.
There is a bias against non-English publication, against arts and
humanities subjects.
Staff-student ratio
This indicator is designed to serve as a widely available proxy
to judge an institution’s commitment to teaching.
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This indicator is worth 20 per cent of an institution’s overall score
Data gathered by QS from a range of sources: UK Higher Education
statistics Agency; US National Center for Education Statistics, and
from universities directly
Controlled definition of staff member, always full-time equivalent
International Students
The proportion of a university’s international students is used to
evaluate its approach to internationalisation and its commitment
to international students.
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This indicator makes up 5 per cent of an institution’s overall score.
We believe it gives an idea of how successful an institution is at attracting
students from around the world.
International Faculty
Like the previous indicator, this assesses an institution’s
commitment to globalisation
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This indicator is worth 5 per cent of an institution’s
overall score.
We believe it shows which universities are committed to
attracting the best international academic talent, and
which universities academics around the world want
to be at.
The criteria
How the data are put together
Citations
Int’l students
Peer Review
Int’l staff
Studentfaculty ratio
Recruiter
review
What we found in 2008 rankings
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Harvard has been top every year since we started the rankings – A $35 billion
endowment might have helped it get there. But this is now diminished.
The US and UK take up every one of the top 15 places
US has 58 in the top 200, the UK has 29.
There are 9 Australian universities in the top 200 and the Australian National
University is the top institution outside the US and UK
Canada has 12 institutions in the top 200.
What we found in the 2008 rankings
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The top 200 in 2008 includes universities in 33 states up from 28 in
2007
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US, UK, Canada, Australia, Netherlands
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Korea, China, Japan, Singapore
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Thailand, Malaysia
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Continental Europe
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Developing world small but improving (1 in 2004, 2 in 2005, only
UNAM in 2006, 3 in 2007, 5 in 2008)
Africa does not fare well. In 2008, only four institutions in South Africa,
and one in Egypt, made it onto QS’s main international list.
What we found in the 2008 rankings
The developing world is rising up
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South Africa’s only entry in the top 200 last year, Cape Town,
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rose from 200 in 2007 to 179th in 2008
Brazil and Argentina have one entry in the top 200 each
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Mexico’s National Autonomous University rose to 150 place
last year.
Two entries from India in 2008: the Delhi and Bombay branches
of the Indian Institute of Technology.
What we found over time
The progress of nations
What can Nigerian universities do?
Key issues for Nigeria
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Provide information
Recruit from an international pool/retain your academics
Concentrate research effort
Invest
What can Nigerian universities do?
Provide the right information
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Our partners in compiling the rankings, QS, want your data!
In 2008, 604 institutions were considered
Any university in the world can write to QS: [email protected]
QS welcome information about any individual institution and their
national higher education system.
Every university in the world is entitled to a free self-populated
profile on the QS website, www.topuniversities.com, where QS
publishes the Times Higher Education top 200 and a further 300
institutions ranked below the top 200. Just write and request a
username and password.
What can Nigerian Universities do?
Provide the right information
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Make sure you’re included in QS’s list
QS have a two-tier approach to its surveys. Both peers and employers
are asked to first comment on international universities and then on
domestic ones.
In this context QS can include any number of Nigerian universities in its
surveys and, over a period of two to three years, begin to get a picture of
which are considered the best in Nigeria. They can then be added to the
main international list.
QS says: To develop a clearer picture on HEIs in any part of the world
requires the proactive cooperation of universities from the region.
What can Nigerian Universities do?
Recruit from an international pool/retain your academics
“A paradox is that despite doubling and then trebling student
numbers African higher education still has the lowest enrolments in
the world – but sends the most students to the north,”
Goolam Mohamedbhai,
secretary-general, Association of African Universities.
What can Nigerian Universities do?
Recruit from an international pool/retain your academics
“It has been estimated that there are more African scientists and
engineers working in the US than in the whole of Africa.”
Johann Mouton, of South Africa’s Stellenbosct University
What can Nigerian Universities do?
Recruit from an international pool/retain your academics
Times Higher Education magazine’s international academic recruitment
advertising.
Speak to Jane Johns, Classified Sales Manager:
020 3194 3346
[email protected]
What can Nigerian Universities do?
Recruit from an international pool/retain your academics
What can Nigerian Universities do?
A new focus on research
What can Nigerian Universities do?
Investment
What can Nigerian Universities do?
Investment
“The UK, Australia, and New Zealand are all looking at expanding higher
education, India is just about to go through a major phase of expansion and
its all driven by a shared belief across almost all countries that higher
education is vital for the prosperity and survival of economies and societies
as we continue to move into a global information society.”
John Tarrant, general secretary, Association of Commonwealth Universities
Thank You.
Phil Baty
Deputy Editor
Times Higher Education
[email protected]