Transcript Slide 1
Health & Safety Executive (HSE) Implements the Health & Safety laws HEALTH & SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES Employer/Employee Health & Safety at Work Act 1974. 1 YOUR LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES • Take reasonable care at work of your own Health & Safety and that of others who may be affected by what you do or do not do • Do not interfere with or misuse anything provided for your Health & Safety. • Cooperate with your employer on Health & Safety matters. Assist your employer on meeting statutory obligations • Bring to your employers attention anything you think represents a serious or imminent danger • Bring to your employer’s attention any weakness you might spot in their Health & safety arrangements 2 EMPLOYERS LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES • Provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are safe and without risk to health • Safe in use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances • Provision of information, instruction, training and supervision as necessary to ensure health and safety at work of employees • Ensure access to and exit from the workplace is safe • Provide adequate facilities and arrangements for welfare • Produce a Health & Safety policy statement in companies that employ 5 or more people 3 PERSONAL HYGIENE • Keep overalls clean ensure they are washed regularly • Wash hands thoroughly before contact with food • Avoid washing with solvents (eg white spirits) can cause Dermatitis • Use barrier cream enables dirt and germs to be removed when washing off the cream 4 ACCIDENT PREVENTION • The best way to reduce the risk of accidents is to try and remove the cause • Wherever possible the workplace should have………… • • • • Clearly defined passageways Good lighting/Ventilation Reduced noise levels Non slip floorings 5 Hazards that cannot be removed…… • Safe guards fences around machines • Safe systems of work can be introduced • Wearing safety goggles, helmets, and boots can be made standard practise • Other protective clothing can be supplied such as ear defenders, respirators, eye protection and overalls • REMEMBER!!!!!!!!!!! Overalls and protective clothing must be provided by the employer 6 PERSONAL ATTITUDES TO SAFETY TRAINING • Make yourself aware of the companies Health & Safety policy procedures and act in accordance • Be aware of what dangers can occur. • Note what protection is available, and how to use it to prevent accidents 7 Also employers have a duty to………. • Carry out risk assessments • Identify and implement control measures • Inform employees of the risks and control measures • Periodically review the assessments • Record the assessment if more then 5 people are employed • Employers must be prepared to consult a safety representative if one is appointed 8 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations (RIDDOR) • Injuries – fatalities (Including members of the public) or injuries resulting in 7 days off work • Diseases – if a doctor advises employee is suffering from work – related disease listed under RIDDOR • Dangerous occurrence something that happened the could have resulted in a reportable injury 9 • Reportable accidents employer uses form F2508 • Fatalities must be reported within 10 days • The employer must maintain an Accident book to record details of ALL types of injuries however Minor. • Accident forms should be completed by the injured employee as soon as possible. • If a Third party completes the form employee check all details are correct before signing. • The form can be used in legal proceedings • ……………………………………………………… 10 Fire Precautions Act • Employer Duties include • Safety in relation to fire hazards from work processes and activities • Fire risk Assessment • Written fire risk assessment (where 5 or more people are employed) • Means of detecting and giving warning in case of fire • Escape routes /Fire fighting equipment • Training of staff in fire safety 11 Fire safety and emergencies • Fire triangle – fuel – oxygen – heat (ignition source) • Protect area around combustible materials with heat mat • Keep clean working area start to finish • Electrical faults (major cause of fires) must only be carried out by qualified person and to BS 7671 standards • Providing a fire extinguisher in the immediate working area • Completing hot work minimum of 1 hour before leaving site 12 If you discover a fire • Raise the alarm immediately • Leave by the nearest exit and report to muster point • Call the fire service • Remain at muster point until given the all clear 13 Classes of fire • Class A – fires involving solid materials, extinguished by water • Class B – Flammable liquids, extinguished by foam or carbon dioxide • Class C – Flammable gasses, extinguished by dry powder • Class D – Flammable metals extinguished by dry powder 14 Fire fighting equipment • Extinguishers – buckets of sand or water – fire resistant blankets – automatic sprinkler systems – hose reels and hydrant systems • Types of extinguisher • Water – red – main uses on wood paper or fabrics • Foam – Cream – used on petrol, oil, fats and paints • Carbon dioxide – Black – used on electrical equipment • Dry powder – blue – used on liquids, gasses, electrical equipment 15 • All fire extinguishers are red but with 5% of the colour of the original extinguisher • Mainly red (colour blind) people can distinguish red • The fact that they are now all the same colour means you have to read the label 16 17 Fire extinguisher safety check list • Never use a unless you have been trained to do so • Never use water on electrical fires • Never use water on oils and fats • Never handle the nozzle of carbon dioxide extinguisher it causes freeze burns to the hands • Never use carbon dioxide extinguishers in a small room • ALWAYS read the operating instructions before use. • Personnel safety must always come before efforts to contain a fire • ………………………………………………………………………. 18 The Electricity at Work Regulations (1989) • Employer/employee or self employed person must comply with the regulations • Employer impose duty on every employee to comply with regulations • Duty holder = person responsible in respect of systems, equipment and conductors • Reasonable practicable – issue resolved with minimum costs in terms of physical difficulty, time, trouble and expense. • Absolute = A requirement must be met regardless of cost or 19 any other consideration Electricity on Site • Safety covered by Electricity at work Regulations 1989 which in turn are covered by HASAWA • Electrical installations should comply with BS 7671 • Employers required to have specific codes of practice for employees • Including maintenance records of portable appliances (PAT tests) 20 • HSE recommend PAT test every 3 months for construction site applications by a competent person • Visually inspect power tool EVERY TIME you use it • Supply to work on site from a generator or local supply • Sites often have (RCDs) trip out supply any current leakage • Never interfere with or alter any installations • Only an authorised person may carry out any alterations 21 Electricity on – site safety checklist • Do not use lighting circuits for power tools • Power tools should be double insulated • Never carry a portable electric tool by its cable • Ensure equipment is not damaged before it is plugged in • Always have enough light for the job 22 • Keep lights clean • Check all cables are correctly insulated, not damaged or frayed • Check plugs/sockets clean and in sound condition • Check for current PAT labels • Check RCD protection provided where necessary ……………………………………………………………… 23 Provisions and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) • Risks to person using equipment to be prevented or controlled • Including all tools (power or hand) threading/bending machines • Equipment provided should be suitable for the intended use • Safe for use, maintained in safe condition, inspected • Used by people trained and instructed • Suitable safety measures (protective devices markings, warnings 24 Tools and Equipment • Use right tool for the right job • Cutting tools saws, drills etc sharp in good condition • Hacksaw fitted with teeth pointing forward • Avoid mushrooming chisels causes flying splinters • Electrical power tools 110/230 volts PAT tested • Cartridge operated tools (training must be given) 25 Manual Handling Operations Regulations • Lay down requirements for moving loads by hand involving pushing, pulling, lowering of loads • Control measures identified • Avoid hazardous manual handling by using mechanical lifting • Make risk assessment of any hazardous manual handling • Reduce risk of injury by training staff in kinetic lifting techniques • Risk assessment 5 factors – the task, load, working environment, capability of person and use of protective clothing 26 Manual Handling • Plan the lift • Access the load • Check your pathway is clear • Lift using Kinetic lifting technique • Maximum load for a fit person is 20KG • Team lifting good communication visual and verbal 27 28 Lifting Operations & Lifting Equipment Regulations • Reduce risks to persons from lifting equipment • Equipment must be strong, stable enough for use and marked to indicate safe working loads • Positioned and installed to minimise any risks • Used safely work planned, organised, performed by competent people 29 Risk Assessments • Checking systems of work to keep you safe at work • Employer is legally bound to assess risks in the workplace • Risk factors are calculated using the formula…………… • Likelihood x Consequence = risk • 30 • Risk exposure - people that may be affected by the work activity of process • Safeguards hardware – describes in- built safety features of work equipment • Control measures- describe additional safeguards. • Where these are Identified they must be followed through and recorded 31 Method Statements • Produced for high risk activities such as working at heights. • Combining findings and control measures of all risk assessments associated with the activity • Document given to employees etc as guidance on how the work is going to be carried out 32 Permit to Work Systems • Used as safety control for very high risk or potentially fatal activities • Fixed checklist of tasks completed before a task can begin • Permit usually countersigned by supervisor …………………………………………………………….. 33 34 35 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations • PPE to be supplied and used at work wherever risks to Health & Safety cannot be controlled in other ways • PPE must be assessed as suitable before use • Maintained and stored properly • Provided with instructions on how to use safely • Used correctly by employees 36 Personal Protective Equipment 37 Foot Protection • Protects toes, ankles and feet from injury also from electric shock • Foot injuries 15% of reported accidents (30,000 each year) • Safety boots = metal toe protection rubber soles 38 Hand Protection • 1 in 4 related injuries happens to hands and fingers • Dermatitis accounts for 700,000 lost work days each year • Wear barrier cream wear appropriate • Wear appropriate gloves • General purpose gloves prevention of cuts /bruises • Rubber gloves for hazardous substances 39 40 Head Protection • 80% head injuries not wearing head protection • Adjust helmet to fit/Do not paint • Inspect regularly for dents, crack wear and tear 41 42 43 Working at Heights Regulations • Working at heights defined as height 2 metres or more above ground level • All work at height is properly planned • Takes into account weather conditions • Those involved are trained and competent • Place where work is done is safe • Equipment inspected • Risks from fragile surfaces are properly controlled • Risks from falling objects are properly controlled 44 Access to work • All access equipment is regularly checked and recorded • Ladders not suitable for long term working • Inspect ladders stills and rungs for damage • Ladders are not painted • Ladders should be placed on firm ground • When ladders are extended there must be a 3 rung overlap 45 • Ladder exposed position guarded by barriers • Angle of ladders 4 up to 1 out or 75 degrees • Ladder access to a platform 1m or 5 rungs above access point • Secured at the top and at the bottom as necessary • Ladders tested annually and results recorded • Don’t rest ladders on fragile surfaces • 3 classes of ladders class 1 (heavy duty for industrial use) 46 47 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) • Hazardous substances can be solids, liquids, dusts, fumes, gases or micro – organisms that may present a risk to health. • The employer must assess the risks • Decide what precautions are needed • Prevent or adequately control exposure 48 • Ensure control measures are used and maintained • Monitor the level of exposure to the substance • Carry out appropriate health surveillance where required • Prepare procedures to deal with accidents and emergiences • Ensure employees are informed, trained and supervised 49 Chemical Safety • Chemicals not contained or handled properly can be: • Inhaled as dust or gas • Swallowed in small doses over a long period • Absorbed through the skin or clothing • Touched by or spilled on unprotected skin 50 Some chemical can cause: • Injury to the eyes, skin, organs – from fires and burns etc • Silent illnesses exposure after months, years, example asbestos • Allergy to the skin such as a rash, coughing and breathing problems • Death – some poisonous chemical can kill outright 51 Why do chemical accidents happen? • Hurrying, over confidence, not adhering instructions • Spills and leaks can be dangerous if not cleaned up • Vapours may build up where there is no proper ventilation • – toxics - corrosives – flammables – reactives 52 • Some chemicals exposed to heat or sunlight can explode • Contact between a chemical/ wrong material can cause harmful reactions • Dispose of old chemicals safely ( chemical changes can happen over time) • There are 4 main types chemicals (toxic agents corrosives, flammables and Reactives) 53 Toxic agents • Close containers tightly when not in use • Be sure the work area is well ventilated • Wear correct PPE • Wash hands often • Safely dispose of contaminated clothing • Keep any antidotes handy 54 Corrosives • Dangerous to the eyes and respiratory tract. • PPE – goggles, breathing devices, protective gloves • Make sure ventilation is good • Contact with corrosives wash with water/shower • Eyes affected flush with water for 20 minutes get medical assistance 55 Flammables • Liquids and gases that burn such as LPG, methanol, ethanol, ether and petrol. To protect yourself: • No flames, sparks or cigarette lighters allowed near flammables • Keep only a small quantity of flammables in the work area 56 • Store and dispose of flammables safely • In an emergency: Evacuate, turn off all flames • Clean up flammables and ventilate the area fully • Call the emergency services 57 Reactives • Understand dangers involved do a risk assessment • Know your chemicals before working with them: read about them and test them for stability • Handle with care. trouble?? close doors/evacuate • Follow all recommended safety rules/procedures • Know what to do in an emergency 58 Accidents • Seek or administer immediate first aid if qualified to do so • Get help if necessary, i.e. phone for an ambulance • Report accident to the site supervisor • Write down details in an accident report book • Complete a company accident report form 59 Emergency procedures • Dial emergency services, give your name, number and service required • Give exact location of the accident • Nature of the emergency (type of accident) • Arrange for someone to meet the emergency services 60 Electric shock and first aid • Lethal level of electric shock is about 50mA • First –check your own personnel safety • Break the electrical contact by switching off the supply, removing the plug, or wrenching the cable free. 61 • If not possible use piece of non conductive material such as wood to push the casualty free. • Check the casualties response, to assess their level of consciousness, ask a question or give a command • Talk to them and gently shake them to gauge their level of response 62 • Casualty appears unharmed advise them to rest • If no sign of movement or breathing, summon help immediately • Start CPR (cardio pulmonary resuscitation) • CPR is based on ABC – airway, breathing and circulation • Place casualty in the recovery position, if they have no obvious back Injury 63 64 Treatment for burns • Based on the severity of the burn • Run the burnt area under cold water for 10 minutes • Remove jewellery/constricting • Cover the injury with a sterile dressing • DO NOT USE!!! Adhesive dressings, break blisters or interfere with the injured area. • DO NOT!!! Apply lotions,ointments,creams or fats to the injured 65 Treatment for shock • Shock (reduction in pressure of the circulating blood) • Lay casualty down, keeping the head low • Raise and support the legs • Loosen tight clothing 66 • Keep casualty warm above and below • Contact emergency services • Check and record breathing, pulse and level of response • DO NOT!! Let the casualty move unnecessarily, eat, drink or smoke • Also do not leave the casualty unattended 67 Treatment for bleeding – Minor cuts, scratches and grazes • Wash/dry your own hands put on disposable gloves • Clean the cut, if dirty under running water • Pat dry with sterile dressing • Clean surrounding area, cover cut completely with sterile dressing 68 Severe bleeding • Put on disposable gloves • Apply direct pressure to the wound with pad or clean cloth • Raise and support the injured limb • Lay casualty down to treat for shock • Bandage the pad (not too tight this may stop circulation) • Treat for shock • Dial 999 for ambulance 69 Treatment for eye injuries • Wash your hands • Clean with cool water or sterile fluid from a sealed container to remove loose material • DO NOT!! attempt to remove anything embedded in the eye • If chemicals are involved flush the open eye with water or sterile fluid for at least 10 – 15 minutes. • Apply an eye pad and send the casualty to hospital 70