Transcript Chapter ---- Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches and Fiber

Chapter 16
Nutrition and Aging:
The Adult Years
Kcaloric restriction may increase life span by all of
the following except:
a)
increasing the inflammatory
response of the immune system
b)
causing low level stress and thus
enhancing the animal's coping
mechanisms
c)
reducing blood glucose and insulin
d)
limiting oxidative damage
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Keeping Older Adults Healthy
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By 2030 it is projected that nearly
_____ of the US population will be
over 65.
a)
5%
b)
10%
c)
20%
d)
30%
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Life Expectancy in the United States
What is morbidity vs
mortality?
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How Long Can You Expect to be
Healthy?
The avg life
expectance
is 77 in the
US. The
healthy
lifespan is
69 years
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What Causes Aging?
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A hypothesis that has emerged to explain aging is termed
“programmed cell death.” This theory proposes that genes
determine the life span of cells; aging occurs as cells die
As organisms become older, the number of cells they
contain decreases and the function of the remaining cells
declines.
As tissues and organs lose cells, the ability of the organism
to maintain homeostasis decreases.
Loss of cells occurs throughout life but is not felt for a long
time, as organisms begin with reserve capacity.
In young adults, the reserve capacity of organs is four to ten
times that required to sustain life.
As a person ages, reserve capacity decreases and the
effects of aging become evident.
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What Causes Aging?

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The wear and tear hypothesis proposes
that aging is the result of an accumulation of
cellular damage.
Damage to cells may contribute to aging.
Which of the following is a possible source of
cell damage?
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
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A) errors in DNA synthesis
B) free radicals
C) elevated glucose levels
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What Affects the Rate of Aging?
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Nutrient Needs for Older Adults
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Factors that Increase the Risk of
Malnutrition
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Consequences of Malnutrition
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Physiological Changes that Occur with
Aging
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It is difficult to determine which changes that occur as
we age are inevitable and which can be attributed to
disease states. Some of the changes seen in aging can
include:
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Sensory decline
Macular degeneration
Cataracts
Periodontal disease
Atrophic gastritis
Decline in size and functioning of liver and kidneys
Increase in body fat, decrease in lean body tissue
Reduced hormone levels
Decrease in mobility
Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease
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Decreased physical activity is estimated to account
for ___ of the decrease in total energy expenditure
that occurs with aging.
10%
25%
33%
50%
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Nutrient and Drug Interactions
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Nutrient and Drug Interactions
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Keeping Older Adults Healthy
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There are a variety of social and economic
changes that often accompany aging. These
factors are interrelated and can affect
nutritional status by decreasing the
motivation to shop for, prepare and enjoy
food and beverages.
These changes can include:

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Income level
Dependent living
Depression
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Keeping Older Adults Healthy
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The recommendations for fat and protein in older
adults
reflect their decreased ability to digest and
absorb it.
reflect their decreased ability to metabolize
fat and protein.
are very strict because of the decreased
energy requirement.
are the same proportions and types of
dietary fats and proteins as for younger
adults.
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The nutrient needs of the elderly remain the same
although their energy needs decrease. Because of this,
the best advice for them is to
eat larger portions of food
consume a more nutrient dense diet
eat less and exercise more
eat more concentrated sweets
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Physical Activity for Older Adults
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Warning Signs of Malnutrition in
Older Adults: DETERMINE
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The DETERMINE checklist is most likely
used to:
assess the nutritional risk of malnutrition in
older adults
confirm that there is no adverse interaction
between food and prescription medication for
an older adult
decide if an older person should be hospitalized
when they are ill
qualify recipients for food stamps
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National
Nutrition
Programs for
Older Adults
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Chapter 16
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