Transcript Unit 2: A nation is born - Thomasville High School
UNIT 2: A NATION IS BORN
Early National Literature (1750-1800)
What does this quote suggest about “Americans” at this point in history?
“The fate of unborn millions will now depend under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance, or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or die.” - George Washington
I. Readings Covered During this Unit
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The Crucible Arthur Miller
from Poor Richard’s Almanack Benjamin Franklin
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from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano Unchained Memories –
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Slave Narratives – Federal Writer’s Project Various Arthurs
The Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson
An Hymn to the Evening Phillis Wheately
II. Names and Terms to Know
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Enlightenment Reason over faith Period of intellectual development The American Revolution War over extra taxes War over independence Constitution Ratified in 1787 Bill of Rights Added after Constitution E.
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Added because of fear.
Declaration of Independence Written out of anger to King George III Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine
The Federalist Phillis Wheately
III. Setting the Scene -
In the following video, William L. Andrews gives a brief preview of the political climate existing during this time period. As you’re listening, read page 126-127 silently.
Important Dates to Remember
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1781 Gen. Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington 1.
1783 Noah Webster’s Spelling Book published 1.
1787 Constitution drafted 1.
1789 George Washington elected President of the United States 1.
1790 1 st U.S. Census: 757,208 black slaves – 20% of population 8% are free 1.
1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin 1.
1800 2 nd U.S. Census: 5,308,483 – total U.S. Population
V. Quick Historical Background
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By 1750, 4 th and 5 th with English rule.
generation living in US; happy 1.
2.
Mid-1760s-1770s became unhappy because of regulations imposed by King George III and Parliament 18 th Century called THE AGE OF REASON VALUE REASON OVER FAITH MAJOR SHIFT FROM PURITAN INFLUENCE 1.
Writers like Jefferson, Franklin, and Paine were considered part of the ENLIGHTENMENT Value of Reason over that of Faith
V. Quick Historical Background
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Failed Government 1 st Attempt at government (ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION aka “LEAGUE OF FRIENDSHIP” failed.
CONSTITUTION AND BILL OF RIGHTS WAS ACTUALLY OUR 2 ND ATTEMPT AT CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT.
VI. Literature of the Period
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Public writing was produced during “The REVOLUTIONARY Period” By 1776, 30 newspapers were established By Washington’s inauguration, 40 magazines and almanacs created. 1.
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Politics speeches and debates turned into literature James Otis – “Taxation without representation is tyranny.” Thomas Paine – Common Sense sold 100K copies in 1 month.
VI. Literature of the Period A Promise and a Paradox The Promise The revolution created two things: 1) a new person (“American” and 2) a new country “United States.” Writers like Benjamin Franklin - wrote the 1 st great American literary class – The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Was the 1 st great American success story AKA Rags to Riches The Paradox Contradiction of Freedom for Colonists but Slavery for the Slaves. 1789 – Franklin made petition to Congress to abolish Slavery Olaudah Equiano wrote his Slave Narrative Phillis Wheatley wrote her book of poems Proved that slaves were not a bunch of babbling idiots but great thinkers, orators, and writers.
VII. Benjamin Franklin – from Poor Richard’s Almanack – Interesting Facts Official Occupation – A Printer Loved being anonymous – 2 of his 3 works he created fictitious authors By age 16 writing anonymously in his brother’s paper as SILENCE DOGOOD Published his Almanack from 1732-1757 Written as an lasting quest for SELF-IMPROVEMENT Almanack consists of homespun sayings or APHORISMS Short says with a message AKA BOOK OF PROVERBS Played crucial role in drafting DoI Per George Washington – Franklin: “Father of his country.” Successful scientist – Created lightning rod, bifocals, stove, studied earthquake
Thomas Jefferson – The Declaration of Independence 3 rd President Violinist, artist, brilliant writer While serving in Virginia’s House of Burgess, was outspoken defender of human rights Emerged as a leader during Revolutionary period Loved to read and owned 6,400 As you are reading the Declaration of Independence, realize that Jefferson is writing to persuade “Americans” and the British to think and act in a specific way – LIKE FREE CITIZENS
What would you do if your girlfriend, boyfriend, teacher, principal, Said that you could no longer have FREE breakfast?
Said that it was MANDOTORY for everyone to play football (male or female)?
Called secret meetings with only Caucasian males to discuss school policy?
Made your parent, brother, or siblings beat you up?
Made you PAY to go to school? Made you pay $10.00/day to eat lunch? Made you PAY $25.00 for every write-up you received?
Making you wear School Uniformas.
What would you do if your girlfriend, boyfriend, teacher, principal, Your girlfriend told you the only person you could talk to everyday was her?
Your boyfriend said you had to quit school and be a housewife?
Your principal mandated that only the minority females were to serve the student body lunch?
Would you try to overthrow “the government?” OR Would you stay quiet and do nothing?
The next slide is a video/audio representation reading of The Declaration of Independence.
I advise you to take notes. There WILL be a QUIZ on FRIDAY.
The Declaration of Independence – Hollywood Style -
Thomas Paine – Mr. “Common Sense”
1737-1809 The original revolutionary – came to America just to fight. Wrote the Revolutionary piece Common Sense that said: “Americans must fight for their independence.” After the Revolutionary war, went to France for the French Revolution After writing The Age of Reason, (a book against organized religion) became unpopular Died broke
About Thomas Paine – Take Notes – Unit 2 Test on
FRIDAY
Phillis Wheately – A Very Deep Sista
Born 1753?-1784 in Gambia, Africa Purchased at the age of 8. Recognized by her master for her high intelligence & was taught how to read & write Published her first poem at age 13; had great fame abroad. Freed in 1773 Later years were spent in poverty; 3 children died in infancy; husband put in jail Died alone and broke.
About Phillis Wheatley– Take Notes – Unit 2 Test on
FRIDAY
All About Speeches…..
Why you need to know about speeches? Graduation Project you must give a 5-7 minute presentation When you enter the workforce after graduation, you will eventually give a speech Types of Speeches Political Speech Address Sermon Persuasive Speech
All About Speeches…..
Your Junior Project Speech is a Debate or PERSUASIVE SPEECH – it has THREE (3) distinct styles Logical Appeal Emotional Appeal Ethical Appeal When you give any speech, try to use 1 of the 3 listed above.
All About Speeches…..
Rhetorical Devices Effective speeches always include RHETORICAL DEVICES Definition: SPECIAL PATTERN OF WORDS AND IDEAS THAT CRFEATE EMPHASIS AND STIR YOUR AUDIENCE’S EMOTIONS.
Types of Rhetorical Devices Repetition – restating an idea using the same words.
Restatement – Expressing the same idea in DIFFERENT words.
Parallelism – Repeating a grammatical structure Antithesis – Using strongly contrasting words, images, or ideas Rhetorical – Asking questions with obvious answers.