Arthur Bryant Jeanne Cannon Ryan Sujkowski

    Brief History Discuss pros and cons Analyze the Environmental effects from Coal Discuss pricing

     Coal has been a source of energy since 2600 years ago Took flight in 13 th Century in the British Isles Originally Coal gas was a fad in Britain (1840s) In the 19 th Century is when the US Coal Industry took flight Northeast PA is known for being abundant with “Black Diamonds.”

   2003- Climate Stewardship Act   EPA helps regulate the emission of the Greenhouse gas Elaborated version of the Natural Gas Act of 1938 2010- Energy Market and Economic Impacts of the American Power Act  Regulates emission of Greenhouse Gas based upon economic incentives 2013- Clean Water Act for fossil-fuel and nuclear power plants.

  EPA proposed new effluent limitation guidelines (ELGs) ELGs sets limits on the amount of pollutants that can be discharged into surface waters

Fuel Type Fuel Oil (#2) Electricity Fuel Unit

Gallon KiloWatt-hour

Fuel Price Per Unit (dollars) Fuel Heat Content Per Unit (Btu)

4.04

138,690

Fuel Price Per Million Btu (dollars)

$29.12

0.117

3,412 $34.22

Natural Gas 1

Therm

2 Propane Wood 3

Gallon Cord

Pellets Corn (k e rne ls ) 3

Ton Ton

Kerosene Coal (Anthracite )

Gallon Ton $0.75

100,000 $2.27

91,333 $200.00

22,000,000 $250.00

$200.00

$4.41

$200.00

16,500,000 14,000,000 135,000 25,000,000 $7.54

$24.82

$9.09

$15.15

$14.29

$32.65

$8.00

   Terrestrial damage/Habitat destruction / fragmentation      Surface mining disrupts virtually all aesthetic elements of the landscape. Alteration of landforms often imposes unfamiliar and discontinuous configurations. New linear patterns appear as material is extracted and waste piles are developed.

Different colors/textures are exposed as vegetative cover is removed and overburden dumped to the side. Dust, vibration, and diesel exhaust odors are created (affecting sight, sound, and smell).

Subsidence  the ground level lowers as a result of coal having been mined beneath. Aquatic damage/Physical stream damage   mountaintop removal: soil and rock removed is deposited in nearby valleys, hollows and depressions, resulting in blocked (and contaminated) water ways.

Destroy aquifers

  Burning coal is a leading cause of smog, acid rain, & toxic air pollution. Clean Coal

  Texas Clean Energy Project  Working on technology to capture 90% of Carbon   Received $450,000,000 from Fed. Gov’t Eliminate the cost and damage of mining Clinton administration (2003) signed the Fossil Energy Protocol  Better usage of coal and oil  Committed $75,000,000

 PROS  U.S. DOEFE    Set up labs to test clean coal came up with ways to use CO 2 to their advantage coming up with alternatives for shale fracking.

    CONS Quit Coal  Americans spend over half of a trillion dollars on healthcare from environmental impacts from coal.

Sierra Mountain Club  Don’t like because mining destroys mountains and has negative environment impact Coal is Dirty  Global Warming

 Health Effects  Deep mining     Poor air filtration: black lung Collapsing Shaft explosions Child labor  No OSHA laws outside of the US

    Coal can be converted into other forms of energy  Gasification  Diesel Besides the opposition, coal is still one of the main sources of energy throughout the world It is the most economical http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILAiQUR rMH0

               http://www.eia.gov/coal/ http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/gasification/index.html

http://www.worldcoal.org/coal-the-environment/coal-use-the environment/improving-efficiencies/ http://www.coalfacts.org/ http://energy.gov/fe/science-innovation/clean-coal-research/gasification http://energy.gov/fe/science-innovation/clean-coal-research/hydrogen-coal http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1870599,00.html

http://coalandfuel.blogspot.com/2008/09/underground-coal-gasification-ucg.html

http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/uses-of-coal/coal-to-liquids/ http://www.environment.gen.tr/what-is-energy/90-energy-units-and-calculators.html

http://www.cleancoalusa.org/sites/all/files/EPA_Regulations_July_15.pdf

http://www.coal-is-dirty.com/who_we_are http://quitcoal.org/about http://ilovemountains.org/act/ http://www.worldcoal.org/coal-the-environment/coal-mining-the-environment/