Transcript Chapter 8

Chapter 8
Canada
Section 1: Regions of Canada
Section 2: Search for a national identity
Section 3: Canada Today
Section 1: Regions of Canada
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Learning Objectives
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What are the main economic activities in
the Atlantic Provinces?
Why have the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence
provinces become Canada’s heartland?
What economic activities and patterns of
settlement are found in the Prairie
Provinces and British Colombia?
How have climate and location affected
the development of the northern
territories?
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Concepts
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Province
Maritime
Lock
Bedrock
What are the main economic activities
in the Atlantic Provinces?
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Atlantic Provinces (maritime’s) made up of
Newfoundland/Labrador, Prince Edward Island,
Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
Fishing
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World richest areas for Cod, shrimp, and crab
Farming/Forestry
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Fruit, vegetable, and dairy farming where supported
Prince Edward Island well suited for farming
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Milder climates and Longer Growing seasons
Tourism
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Rugged coastlines and scenic hills make tourism popular
Why have the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence
provinces become Canada’s heartland?
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Great Lakes – St. Lawrence provinces
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Core of Canada’s Population and Economic Activity
60% of population live in these regions
3 Distinct Landscapes
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Ontario’s Importance
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Canadian Shield= rich mineral deposits
Hudson Bay lowlands= flat sparsely populated
St. Lawrence Lowlands= rich soil mild climate for farming
System of Waterways allows large volume of goods
Central location (nationally, economically, industrially)
Rich Soils and abundant mineral resources
Quebec’s Importance
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SE and Canadian Shield are centers for mining/forestry
Unique Cultural importance; French-Canadian population
What economic activities and patterns of
settlement are found in the Prairie Provinces and
British Colombia?
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Made up of Alberta, Manitoba, & Saskatchewan
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Patterns of Settlement
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“Prairie Provinces” b/c of rolling fields of wheat
½ of Regions Pop. Live in Cities
Largest cities located @ strategic points along railroads.
Alberta and Saskatchewan major est.’d on major railroads/rivers
Main Idea: Settlement patterns in the “Prairie Provinces” are centered around rail-roads, which
reflects the importance of agriculture to the region
Many retire in Vancouver b/c of desirable climate and beauty
Economic Activities
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Farming
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Tourism
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Many magnificent parks b/c of Rocky Mtns.
Oil
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Provinces provide most of Canada’s Grain and Cattle
Wheat= major agricultural crop.
Discovery of oil led to growth in wealth and cities like Edmonton and Calgary
British Columbia
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Tourism= beautiful cities, memorable attractions
Natural Resources= Salmon, forests, minerals
Hosts Canada’s major port on Pacific Ocean, grown rapidly b/c of Trade w/ Asia
How have climate and location affected the
development of the northern territories?
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Northern territories made up of Yukon Territory,
Northwest Territories, and the newer Nunavut.
40% of Canada’s Land mass
Less than 1% of Canada’s Population
Harsh climates and Rugged lands
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Difficult to reach rich mineral wealth of region
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Includes gold, silver, and copper as 3 key minerals
Climate/Terrain make land difficult to mine and transport
the region.
Section 2: Search for a national
identity
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Learning Objectives
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What are the historical roots of Canada’s
major culture groups?
Why is Quebec the scene of conflict
between two cultures?
How does the multicultural nature of
Canada’s population represent its policy
of welcoming diversity while promoting
unity?
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Concepts
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Separatism
Secede
What are the historical roots of
Canada’s major culture groups?
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First Canadians
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1st to live in Canada were the Inuit and Native Americans
who migrated
Later European powers of England and France
Colonial Rivals
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France and England colonists began fierce competition
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Over fur trade and the land
Four wars over regions b.t. two left England with sole
control in 1763.
Canada became own governing country in 1867, but ties
still remain to Britain
Section 2
Why is Quebec the scene of conflict
between two cultures?
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France lost empire to Britain
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70,000+ French colonists still remained
Over ¼ of population is French-Canadian
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Laws to protect integrity of French-Canadians
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Majority of French speaking Canadians live in Quebec
Able to keep language, laws, and culture
Many French Canadians today feel discriminated against for their
ancestry
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Separatism
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Gov’t of Quebec made French official language
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Quebecois (French speaking citizens) begin pressing for changes that would
maintain the French Culture
Led to english speaking people/businesses to leave area and hurt economy
Secede
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1995 referendum nearly passes that would have made Quebec own country
How does the multicultural nature of Canada’s
population represent its policy of welcoming
diversity while promoting unity?
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Multicultural Society
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Inuit's= 41,000
Native Canadians = 554,000
European descents make up roughly 87%
New Influx of immigrants from Asia
Uniting a region
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Done through transportation and communication links
Attempts to continue communication with remote regions
of country are helping their unity as a whole
Section 2
Secede
 To
withdraw formally from
membership in a political or
religious organization
Section 2
Separatism
Movement to win political, religious, or ethnic
independence from another group
Section 2
Section 3: Canada Today
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Learning Objectives
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What geographic challenges does Canada
face today with respect to its future
development?
What is Canada’s relationship with the U.S.?
How is Canada linked to other countries in
the rest of the world?
Concepts
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Customs
Tariff
NAFTA
What geographic challenges does Canada face
today with respect to its future development?
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Natural Resources
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Attempts to balance natural resource use and
preservation of environment
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Above ground pipeline minimizes permafrost destruction, but
creates barriers to the migration of arctic animals
Ways to produce wood without destroying forests
Over-fishing has led to banning of fishing certain species
Urbanization
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Mass movement to Cities; 20 with over 100,000
Challenges created by Urbanization
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Providing housing and services, controlling pollution, and
preventing over-crowding
Section 3
What is Canada’s relationship with the
U.S.?
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U.S./Canada has longest undefended border in
the world.
Cultural Links
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Economic Links
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Exchange of radio and television programs near borders
Participation of teams in both nations in pro leagues
Canada’s imports = nearly 25% of U.S. exports
U.S. imports= nearly 85% of Canada’s Exports
NAFTA links both nations through trade
Section 3
How is Canada linked to other
countries in the rest of the world?
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Location
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Membership in the Commonwealth of Nations
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Atlantic and Pacific ports give it access to trade with both
Europe and Asia
Gives it links with developing countries and a favorable
trading position with members of the European
Community
Peacemaker
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Very active Foreign policy based on removing the causes
of war, not power, for peace
Active in promoting arms control and disarmament
Section 3
Customs
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Fees charged by one country’s government
on goods people bring in from other
countries
Section 3
Tariffs
• Taxes on imports. Cause price of imports
goods to rise
Section 3
NAFTA
 Free
Trade Agreement designed
to establish a free trade zone
across all of N. America
Section 3
Province
Chapter 8
Territory governed as a political division
of a country
Lock
Chapter 8
Enclosed section of a canal, in which a
ship may be raised/lowered by
raising/lowering level of water in that
section
Maritime
Chapter 8
Bordering on or near the sea; relating to
navigation or shipping
Bedrock
Chapter 8
Solid rock underlying the earth’s surface