Transcript Chapter 27 VIETNAM

Chapter 27
VIETNAM
IDIOTS GUIDE
•Open to pg. 6
•Read Saigon is not a
Detroit Suburb
Read pages 904 - 909
Bullet Points pg. 929
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Ch 27 Sec 1
The War Begins
• I can understand how
Vietnam became a major
battlefield in the war against
communism
HO CHI MINH
Vietnam Time Line
• 1858-1884 - France invades Vietnam,
makes Vietnam a colony.
• October 1930 - Ho Chi Minh helps start
the Indochinese Communist Party.
WHY?
• To drive French out
• September 1940 - Japan invades
Vietnam.
• May 1941 - Ho Chi Minh creates
the Viet Minh
• During war Ho asks for U.S. help Denied
• September 2, 1945 - Ho Chi Minh
declares an independent
Vietnam, Democratic Republic of
Vietnam.
IMPORTANT ! ! !
• During WW II Roosevelt, Churchill &
Stalin agree that COLONIAL powers
would not take back colonies.
• After Roosevelt dies, Truman afraid of
commies
• Has more important things to do than
worry about Ho and Vietnam (or so he
thinks)
IDIOTS GUIDE
• Pg 15
• Ho Ho, Ho chi Minh
-January 1950 - The Viet Minh receive
military advisors and weapons from
China.
-July 1950 - The United States pledges
$15 million military aid to France .
-May 7, 1954 - The French suffer a
defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.
IDIOTS GUIDE
• Pg 43
• Explanation of Truman
Doctrine
DOMINO THEORY
• U.S. sees communism as threat to
world peace
• Eastern Europe taken by
communists after WW II
• China turns communist 1949
• N. Korean Communists attack S.
Korea 1950
DOMINO THEORY
• N. Vietnamese communists defeat
French 1954
THINK
What happens when you knock over the
first in a row of dominos?
How does this apply to communism and
S.E. Asia?
• U.S. believes communism MUST be
stopped
July 21, 1954 - The Geneva
Accords creates a cease-fire
for the peaceful withdrawal
of the French from Vietnam
and provides a temporary
boundary between North
and South Vietnam
Settlement in Geneva
• Vietnam divided into North and South
North – Communist under Ho Chi
Min
South – Non-communist under Ngo
Dihn Diem
• Elections to UNIFY country called off by
Diem
Reaction
• Organized resistance to Diem –
Vietcong
• North Vietnam supplied weapons
• Was a terrorist organization
controlled by North
• U.S. supports Diem
More Support
• Eisenhower
sends money
and advisors
• New President,
Kennedy sends
more money
and advisors
Problems
• Diem’s
government
corrupt
• Diem imprisons
critics
• Diem’s actions
cause more
people to help
Vietcong
Reaction
• Diem orders crackdown on critics
• Kennedy withdraws support from Diem
• South Vietnamese military, with support
from U.S. C.I.A. (Central Intelligence
Agency –[spies]) overthrows Diem
• Diem assassinated
• Kennedy assassinated – Johnson
becomes President
Bullet Points pg. 929
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Read pgs. 910 - 915
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Ch 27 Sec 2
American Involvement Grows
• I can understand how the
demands of greater
involvement divided the
nation
Problems
• Diem gone
• Unstable
government
• Military coups
(revolts)
• Many new
leaders
Analyze
• With the military concentrating
on who was going to be in power,
how much effort was given to
fighting the Vietcong?
• Who was winning at this point,
the Vietcong or South Vietnam?
U.S. Support Grows
• More money
• More weapons
• More advisors
• Secret missions against the North
RESULT
More supplies to Vietcong by U.S.S.R.
and China
GULF OF TONKIN INCIDENT
• Aug. 2, 1964 – 3, N. Vietnamese
gunboats shoot at U.S. destroyer.
Destroyer shoots back sinks all three
• Aug. 4, 1964 – Alleged second attack
takes place. Believed to be bogus.
• President Johnson goes to Congress and
asks permission to -
Assist any S.E. Asian
country whose
government was
considered to be
jeopardized by
communist aggression
U.S.S. MADDOX
What is Johnson allowed to do?
But, every two years he
must go back to congress
and ask for the money
Johnson escalates the war.
QUESTION
• Under the Constitution, only
the congress can DECLARE war.
• Was this a declared war?
• Was this war legal?
Escalation
• Johnson running for President in
1964
• Does not escalate immediately
• Orders air strikes against N. Vietnam
• March 1965 – 3,500 marines to
defend Da Nang
Escalation
• By years end (1965)
184,000 troops
• 1968 – ½ million (500,000)
I Feel Like I’m Fixin’ to Die Rag
Well, come on all of you, big strong
men,
Uncle Sam needs your help again.
He's got himself in a terrible jam
Way down yonder in Vietnam
So put down your books and pick up a
gun,
We're gonna have a whole lotta fun.
And it's one, two, three,
What are we fighting for ?
Don't ask me, I don't give a d . . .,
Next stop is Vietnam;
And it's five, six, seven,
Open up the pearly gates,
Well there ain't no time to wonder
why,
Whoopee! we're all gonna die.
Now come on Wall Street, don't be
slow,
Why man, this is war au-go-go
There's plenty good money to be
made
By supplying the Army with the tools
of its trade,
But just hope and pray that if they
drop the bomb,
They drop it on the Viet Cong.
And it's one, two, three,
What are we fighting for ?
Don't ask me, I don't give a d . . .,
Next stop is Vietnam.
And it's five, six, seven,
Open up the pearly gates,
Well there ain't no time to wonder
why
Whoopee! we're all gonna die.
Lead break X2
Well, come on generals, let's move
fast;
Your big chance is here at last.
Now you can go out and get those reds
'Cause the only good commie is the
one that's dead
And you know that peace can only be
won
When we've blown 'em all to kingdom
come.
And it's one, two, three,
What are we fighting for ?
Don't ask me, I don't give a d . . .,
Next stop is Vietnam;
And it's five, six, seven,
Open up the pearly gates,
Well there ain't no time to wonder
why
Whoopee! we're all gonna die.
Now come on mothers throughout the
land,
Pack your boys off to Vietnam.
Come on fathers, and don't hesitate
To send your sons off before it's too
late.
And you can be the first ones in your
block
To have your kid come home in a box.
And it's one, two, three
What are we fighting for ?
Don't ask me, I don't give a d . . .,
Next stop is Vietnam.
And it's five, six, seven,
Open up the pearly gates,
Well there ain't no time to wonder
why,
Whoopee! we're all gonna die.
New leaders
• New President in S. Vietnam
• Nguyen Cao Ky (military leader)
- Cracked down on protests
- Cracked down on corruption
- Established stability
- Focus on fighting Vietcong
Search and Destroy
• High tech weapons
• Chemical weapons
Napalm –
Thickening
jelly mixed
with
gasoline
War, huh, yeah
What is it good for
Absolutely nothing
Uh-huh
War, huh, yeah
What is it good for
Absolutely nothing
Say it again, y'all
War, huh, good God
What is it good for
Absolutely nothing
Listen to me
Ohhh, war, I despise
Because it means destruction
Of innocent lives
War means tears
To thousands of mothers eyes
When their sons go to fight
And lose their lives
I said, war, huh
Good God, y'all
What is it good for
Absolutely nothing
Say it again
War, whoa, Lord
What is it good for
Absolutely nothing
Listen to me
War, it ain't nothing
But a heartbreaker
War, friend only to the undertaker
Ooooh, war
It's an enemy to all mankind
The point of war blows my mind
War has caused unrest
Within the younger generation
Induction then destruction
Who wants to die
Aaaaah, war-huh
Good God y'all
What is it good for
Absolutely nothing
Say it, say it, say it
War, huh
What is it good for
Absolutely nothing
Listen to me
War, it ain't nothing but a heartbreaker
War, it's got one friend
That's the undertaker
Ooooh, war, has shattered
Many a young mans dreams
Made him disabled, bitter and mean
Life is much to short and precious
To spend fighting wars these days
War can't give life
It can only take it away
Ooooh, war, huh
Good God y'all
What is it good for
Absolutely nothing
Say it again
War, whoa, Lord
What is it good for
Absolutely nothing
Listen to me
War, it ain't nothing but a heartbreaker
War, friend only to the undertaker
Peace, love and understanding
Tell me, is there no place for them
today
They say we must fight to keep our
freedom
But Lord knows there's got to be a
better way
Ooooooh, war, huh
Good God y'all
What is it good for
You tell me
Say it, say it, say it, say it
War, huh
Good God y'all
What is it good for
Stand up and shout it
Nothing
Agent Orange
defoliant
Puff the Magic Dragon
Helicopters
Low tech but effective
•Familiar with swamps &
jungles
•Used hit and run tactics
•No uniforms
Whoa, thought it
was a nightmare,
Lo, it's all so
true,
They told me,
"Don't go walkin'
slow
'Cause Devil's on
the loose."
Better run through
the jungle,
Better run through
the jungle,
Better run through
the jungle,
Woa, Don't look
back to see.
Thought I heard
a rumblin'
Callin' to my
name,
Two hundred
million guns are
loaded
Satan cries,
"Take aim!"
Better run through
the jungle,
Better run through
the jungle,
Better run through
the jungle,
Woa, Don't look
back to see.
Over on the
mountain
Thunder magic
spoke,
"Let the people
know my
wisdom,
Fill the land with
smoke."
Better run through
the jungle,
Better run through
the jungle,
Better run through
the jungle,
Woa, Don't look
back to see.
Booby Traps
Booby Traps
Booby Traps
Search & Destroy
• U.S. & S. Vietnam forces did
not take and hold ground
• Mission – kill as many enemy
as possible
• War of attrition
What is wrong with this idea?
• As soon as the troops
leave, the VC move back in
• Retribution against
residents
Tet Offensive
• Jan. 31, 1968
• Vietnamese New Years holiday
• Coordinated VC and NVA attack on
all major cities in south
• 1 month fight
• 40,000 VC & NVA dead
Consequences
• U.S. and S. Vietnamese won the
battle
BUT
• Everyone realizes NVA and VC can
strike anywhere, anytime
• Pres. Johnson convinced war is lost
• Loss of support at home
A Nation Divided
•
•
•
•
DOVES
War cannot be
won
War is morally
wrong
Urged
withdrawal
Opposed draft
HAWKS
• Supported war
• Opposed limited
fighting
• Urged ALL OUT
war
Images – Anti war
REQUIEM FOR THE MASSES
Requiem aeternam, requiem aeternam
Mama, mama, forget your pies
Have faith they won't get cold
And turn your eyes to the bloodshot
sky
Your flag is flying full
At half mast, for the matadors
Who turned their backs to please
the crowd
And all fell before the bull
Red was the color of his blood
flowing thin
Pallid white was the color of his
lifeless skin
Blue was the color of the morning
sky
He saw looking up from the
ground where he died
It was the last thing ever seen by
him
Kyrie Eleison
Mama, mama, forget your pies
Have faith they won't get cold
And turn your eyes to the
bloodshot sky
Your flag is flying full
At half mast, for the matadors
Who turned their backs to please
the crowd
And all fell before the bull
Black and white were the figures
that recorded him
Black and white was the newsprint
he was mentioned in
Black and white was the question
that so bothered him
He never asked, he was taught not
to ask
But was on his lips as they buried
him
Rex tremendae majestatis
Requiem aeternam, Requiem
aeternam
Requiem aeternam – eternal rest
Rex tremendae majestatis – king of
tremendous majesty
Jane Fonda in N. Vietnam
Support for War
• Many middle
aged and older
Americans
supported war
• Afraid of
Communism
Ballad of the Green Berets
Fighting soldiers from
the sky
Fearless men who
jump and die
Men who mean just
what they say
The brave men of the
Green Beret
Silver wings upon
their chest
These are men,
America's best
One hundred men
we'll test today
But only three win
the Green Beret
Trained to live, off
nature's land
Trained in combat,
hand to hand
Men who fight by
night and day
Courage deep, from
the Green Beret
Silver wings upon
their chest
These are men,
America's best
One hundred men
we'll test today
But only three win
the Green Beret
Back at home a
young wife waits
Her Green Beret
has met his fate
He has died for
those oppressed
Leaving her this
last request
Put silver wings
on my son's chest
Make him one of
America's best
He'll be a man
they'll test one
day
Have him win the
Green Beret
February 27, 1968
“
To say that we are mired
in stalemate seems the
only realistic, yet
unsatisfactory,
conclusion.”
Pres. Johnson
"If I've lost
Cronkite,
I've lost
Middle
America."
Bullet Points pg. 929
•
Read pgs. 918 - 923
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Ch 27 Sec 3
The War Ends
•I can understand the
causes and effects of
American withdrawal
from Vietnam
Election of 1968
• Johnson
decides not to
run for
reelection
• Focus attention
on ending war
Democrats
• After Bobby
Kennedy killed,
Hubert
Humphrey is
candidate for
Democrats
Chicago Convention
• Riots in
Chicago –
Anti War
• Made
Democrats
look bad
Republicans
• Nominated
Richard Nixon, VP
under Eisenhower
• Law and order at
home
• Peace with honor
in Vietnam
And the Winner is
Abraham, Martin, and John
Has anybody here seen my old friend
Abraham?
Can you tell me where he's gone?
He freed a lot of people,
But it seems the good they die
young.
You know, I just looked around and
he's gone.
Anybody here seen my old friend
John?
Can you tell me where he's gone?
He freed a lot of people,
But it seems the good they die
young.
I just looked around and he's
gone.
Anybody here seen my old friend
Martin?
Can you tell me where he's
gone?
He freed a lot of people,
But it seems the good they die
young.
I just looked 'round and he's
gone.
Didn't you love the things
that they stood for?
Didn't they try to find some
good for you and me?
And we'll be free
Some day soon, and it's agonna be one day ...
Anybody here seen my
old friend Bobby?
Can you tell me where
he's gone?
I thought I saw him
walkin' up over the hill,
With Abraham, Martin
and John.
Peace with Honor
• Vietnamization
1. South Vietnam troops
better trained and
take charge
2. U.S. troops withdraw
Vietnamization
• July 1969 – U.S. troops begin
withdrawal
• Aug. 1969 – 25,000 troops
withdraw
• Sept. 1969 – Ho Chi Minh dies
• April 1970 – 150,000 troops
withdraw
Nixon Expands War
• Vietcong
supplies
coming
in on Ho
Chi Minh
Trail
Ho Chi Minh Trail Trucks
Nixon Expands War
New Protests
•College students protest
•Kent State, Ohio – May
4, 1970
•Jackson State College,
Miss.
4 dead in Ohio – May 4 1970
May 14, 1970 – 2 Dead
OHIO
Tin soldiers and Nixon's
coming,
We're finally on our own.
This summer I hear the
drumming,
Four dead in Ohio.
Gotta get down to it
Soldiers are gunning us
down
Should have been done
long ago.
What if you knew her
And found her dead on the
ground
How can you run when you
know?
La la la la la la la la
La la la la la la la
La la la la la la la la
La la la la la la la.
Gotta get down to it
Soldiers are gunning us
down
Should have been done
long ago.
What if you knew her
And found her dead on the
ground
How can you run when you
know?
Tin soldiers and Nixon's
coming,
We're finally on our own.
This summer I hear the
drumming,
Four dead in Ohio.
Four dead in Ohio
Four dead in Ohio.
Other Protests
•People in other
countries protest
Americas involvement in
the War
American Woman
American woman, stay away from
me
American woman, mama let me
be
Don't come hangin' around my
door
I don't wanna see your face no
more
I got more important
things to do
Than spend my time
growin' old with you
Now woman, I said
stay away
American woman,
listen what I say
American woman, get
away from me
American woman, mama
let me be
Don't come knockin'
around my door
Don't wanna see your
shadow no more
Colored lights can
hypnotize
Sparkle someone
else's eyes
Now woman, I said get
away
American woman,
listen what I say
American woman, said get away
American woman, listen what I
say
Don't come hangin' around my
door
Don't wanna see your face no
more
I don't need your war machines
I don't need your ghetto scenes
Colored lights can hypnotize
Sparkle someone else's eyes
Now woman, get away from
me
American woman, mama let
me be
Go, gotta get away, gotta get
away
Now go, go, go, I'm gonna
leave you, woman
Gonna leave you, woman
Bye-bye, bye-bye, bye-bye,
bye-bye
You're no good for me
I'm no good for you
Gonna look you right in
the eye
Tell you what I'm gonna
do
Go, gotta get away, gotta get
away
Now go, go, go, I'm gonna
leave you, woman
Gonna leave you, woman
Bye-bye, bye-bye, bye-bye,
bye-bye
BLOWIN IN THE WIND
How many roads must a man walk down
Before they call him a man ?
How many seas must a white dove sail
Before she sleeps in the sand ?
How many times must the cannon balls fly
Before they're forever banned ?
The answer my friend is blowin' in the wind
The answer is blowin' in the wind.
How many years must a mountain exist
Before it's washed to the sea ?
How many years can some people exist
Before they're allowed to be free ?
How many times can a man turn his head
and pretend that he just doesn't see ?
The answer my friend is blowin' in the wind
The answer is blowin' in the wind.
How many times must a man look up
Before he can see the sky ?
How many ears must one man have
Before he can hear people cry ?
How many deaths will it take till he knows
That too many people have died ?
The answer my friend is blowin' in the wind
The answer is blowin' in the wind.
Blowin’ in the Wind
• What word is used 9 times in
the song?
• Is this a real question or is it
rhetorical?
• Where is the answer?
Quest for Peace
• N. Vietnam wants All U.S.
troops out before talking
about peace
• U.S. wants all N.V.A. troops out
before talking about peace
• Talks go until 1972
Secret Agreement
• Just before 1972 election, U.S. troops
down to 60,000
• Agreement made with North
Vietnam
• S. Vietnam never part of agreement,
won’t cooperate
• U.S. bombs until N. Vietnam agrees
Paris Peace Accords
• Nixon wins
reelection
• Jan. 27, 1973,
Peace Treaty
signed
• March 1973, All
U.S. troops are
out
Fighting Continues
• North Vietnam breaks treaty
• Attacks South Vietnam
• By 1975, North Vietnam conquers
S. Vietnam
• U.S. evacuates 5,500 noncommunist S. Vietnamese
U.S.
•
•
•
•
COSTS
58,000+ U.S. Dead
300,000 wounded
$200 billion
War Powers Act –
No more than 60
days without
Congress
approving
VIETNAM
• 350,000 S.
Vietnamese dead
• 500,000 = N.V.A.
and Vietcong dead
• Millions of civilians
• Nation ruined by
bombing
Read pgs. 924 - 927
Bullet Points pg. 929
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A time of Uncertainty
•I can understand the
successes and failures of
the Nixon presidency
Age of Uncertainty
• High inflation
because of war
• Wage and price
controls
• Discovery that
Republican planners
had burglarized
National Democratic
headquarters
(Watergate)
Age of Uncertainty
• Nixon knew of burglary
• Paid “hush money” to burglars
Age of Uncertainty
• Discovery that Nixon
taped White House
conversations
• Tried to hide
evidence
• Congress
subpoenaed tapes
• Nixon had parts of
tapes destroyed
Age of Uncertainty
• Agnew resigns Tried to evade
income tax
• Gerald Ford
appointed V.P.
• Nixon resigns
before
impeachment
Nixon Resigns
Age of Uncertainty
• Ford pardons
Nixon
• Ford runs for
election
• Defeated by
Jimmy Carter
Young People Disillusioned
• Many people distrust
government
• Felt betrayed and
abandoned
Two Hangmen
As I rode into Tombstone on my horse,
his name was Mack
I saw what I'll relate to you, going on
behind my back
It seems the folks were up-in-arms, a
man now had to die
For believing things that didn't fit,
the laws they'd set aside
The mans name was "I'm a Freak".
the best that could see
He was the executioner, a
hangman just like me
I guess he'd seen loopholes from
working with his rope
He'd hung the wrong man many
times, so now he turned to hope
He talked to all the people from his
scaffold in the square
He told them of the things he
found, but they didn't seem to care
He said the laws were obsolete, a
change they should demand
But the people only walked away,
he couldn't understand
The marshals name was "Uncle
Sam", he said he'd right this wrong
He'd make the hangman shut his
mouth, if it took him all day long
He finally arrested Freak, and then
he sent for me
To hang a fellow hangman, from a
fellow hangmans tree
It didn't take them long to try him
in their court of law
He was guilty then of "Thinking", a
crime much worse than all
They sentenced him to die, so his
seed of thought can't spread
And infect the little children, that's
what the law had said
So the hangin' day came 'round,
and he walked up to the noose
I pulled the lever, but before he fell
I cut him lose
They called it a conspiracy, and
that I had to die
So to close our mouths and kill our
minds, they hung us side-by-side
And now we're two hangmen,
hangin' from a tree
That don't bother me, at all
Two hangmen, hangin' from a tree
That don't bother me, at all