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BSC 2010 Integrated Principles of Biology I • Spring Semester 2008 • Section 0483: Period 2 • Lecturers: • Dr. Charlie Baer, Zoology • Dr. Ben Bolker, Zoology • Dr. Joan Herrera, Zoology • Office: 3175 McCarty A • Discussion Leader: • Mollie Brooks • Course Home Pages: • Baer: TBA • Bolker: TBA • Herrera: http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~herrera/bsc.html • Additional Help: • Core Biology Office: • Coordinator of Biological Sciences: • Lectures • Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Periods 2, 4, and 6. McCarty C 100 (MCC 100) • Discussions • Friday, Periods 2, 4, and 6. MCC 100 • Textbook • Campbell, et al., 7th Edition, "Biology"; you are responsible for using the correct edition. Copies on Reserve at the Marston Science Library: ask at the circulation desk. Office: Section 0485: Period 4 Section 0484: Period 6 Office Hours: T/Th per 3 or by appt 616 Bartram Phone: 213-2498, Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tangelyn Mitchell, 210 Carr Hall, 392-1565 Dr. Margaret Fields, 392-1566, Email: [email protected] • Examinations: All machine-graded exam questions must be answered with a #2 pencil. NO MAKE UP EXAMS WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION. In case of illness, a note from your physician is required. A personal matter requires a note from the Dean of Students (P202 Peabody Hall). ANY MAKE UP EXAMS MAY BE IN AN ESSAY FORMAT. There are three noncumulative exams and a final which is cumulative. Each lecture exam is worth 100 points. Total points possible = 400. All grades will be assessed on total of exam scores (out of 400 possible points). A final grade of >90% is guaranteed an A, >80% guaranteed a B, etc. We reserve the right to curve downward (i.e., be more generous). Any curve will be decided upon only AFTER ALL GRADES ARE IN, so DO NOT ASK US ABOUT A CURVE BEFORE THEN. NO EXTRA CREDIT IS ALLOWED. • Academic Honesty: The Honor Code reads: “We, the members of the University of Florida community, pledge to hold ourselves and our peers to the highest standards of honesty and integrity”. You must sign your exam papers to confirm that you neither gave nor received unauthorized aid in taking the exam. • EXAMS WILL BE GIVEN ON THE FOLLOWING DATES. EXAM ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY. • Exam I: Friday, February 8, In Class Period – McCarty C 100 (MCC 100) • Exam II: Tuesday March 25, In Class Period - McCarty C 100 (MCC 100) • Exam III: Wednesday April 23, In Class Period - McCarty C 100 (MCC 100) • Final according to UF schedule TBA • Many students experience test anxiety and other stress related problems. “Self help guides for students are available through the Counseling Center (301 Peabody Hall, 392-1575) and at their website: http://www.counsel.ufl.edu • Stress: For students with test anxiety or stress-related problems, self help guides are available at the Counseling Center, 301 Peabody 392-1575, and at www.counsel.ufl.edu http://www.counsel.ufl.edu/. • Note: Attendance is required. “Makeup” notes are not available. You are expected to be in class. You are responsible for all announcements made in lecture and/or posted on the class webpages. • Exams are available for review for one week only after each exam. You may not review previous exams, other than the final, after the semester has ended. Challenges to exam questions must be submitted in writing within one week. Scantrons are not available for individual student review. • There is no extra credit. Please do not request individual special treatment at the end of the semester because we do not adjust grades for individuals for ANY reason. Plan to do well on all exams from the beginning of the semester. • All email correspondence must be from your ufl.edu account, must have your full name in the body of the email, and in the subject line you must identify the course in which you are enrolled. Emails not meeting these requirements may not be answered. BSC 2010: Who Am I? • Dr. Joan Herrera • Department of Zoology • Office 3175 MCCA Phone 213-2498 • Office Hours: T/Th period 3 for the first five weeks of the semester. I will also have office hours M/F 8 – 9 in Carr 322A for the rest of the semester • Marine Invertebrate Larval Ecologist • PhD University of Florida, 1998 BSC 2010: Important Exam Stuff • Four exams. • 33 multiple choice questions per exam (100 points per exam). Maximum of 400 points for the course. • Exams (except the final) are not cumulative, but concepts build on one another in the course and you are expected to have a basic high school background in biology, chemistry and algebra. • There are extensive study guidelines on the class webpage. • Class attendance is required and you are expected to check the webpage periodically. Please do not contact instructors asking for information that is regularly presented in class. Example: Where we are in the material and which chapters will be on the exam. BSC 2010: Exam Philosophy • Lecture is emphasized, but also study the notes and read the text: Campbell & Reece 7th Edition “Biology” • Exams are based on lectures, notes and text, but with more emphasis on the lectures and notes. An “A” requires that you demonstrate “critical thinking skills”. That is: you are able to apply concepts to synthesis questions on the exams. • ASK QUESTIONS – before the exam is better than after. • COME BY MY OFFICE – but avoid the exam rush time. • EMAIL ME – [email protected]. I do respond to properly formatted emails. BSC 2010: Lecture Notes • They are NOT intended to cover all the lecture, but to assist note-taking. They are not a substitute for coming to class or for taking notes. • They have gaps; not all material is listed in the notes. Omissions provide an incentive to attend class and take your own notes. Study the notes along with the appropriate chapter in the text. • Best Bet: Attend every class and pay attention. Use the notes, but don’t completely rely on them. Keep up with your studies on an almost daily basis. Do not miss exams. Exam I Lectures and Text Pages • I. Intro to Biology (2-29) • II. Chemistry of Life – Chemistry review (30-46) – Water (47-57) – Carbon (58-67) – Macromolecules (68-91) • III. Cells and Membranes – Cell structure (92-123) – Membranes (124-140) • IV. Introductory Biochemistry – Energy and Metabolism (141-159) – Cellular Respiration (160-180) – Photosynthesis (181-200) Relevance of Science to Your Everyday Life? Biology: The Study of Life Properties of Life: How do you know something is alive? • Some properties of life (1) Order (4) Regulation (2) Evolutionary adaptation (3) Response to the environment “Irritability” (5) Energy processing “Metabolism” “Homeostasis” (6) Growth and development Figure 1.2 (7) Reproduction Properties of Life • 8. Living things are made of cells. • 9. Living things share a common genetic code. 1. Order: A Hierarchy of Biological Organization • Life is Ordered • The hierarchy of life extends through many levels of biological organization • From the biosphere through organisms Figure 1.3 1 The biosphere • From cells to molecules to atoms 9 Organelles 1 µm Cell 8 Cells Atoms 10 µm 7 Tissues 50 µm 6 Organs and organ systems Figure 1.3 10 Molecules 5. Metabolism: Energy Conversion, Chemical Rxns • Activities of life – Require organisms to perform work, which depends on an energy source. – Molecules are taken apart for energy – Catabolic Metabolism • Molecules that makeup the cell are built from precursors. – Anabolic Metabolism 8. A Closer Look at Cells • The cell – Is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life Figure 1.5 25 µm Two Main Forms of Cells • All cells share certain characteristics – They are all enclosed by a membrane – They all use DNA as genetic information • There are two main forms of cells – Eukaryotic – Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic cells – Are subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane-enclosed organelles • Prokaryotic cells EUKARYOTIC CELL Membrane PROKARYOTIC CELL DNA (no nucleus) Membrane Cytoplasm – Lack the kinds of membrane-enclosed organelles found in eukaryotic cells Organelles Figure 1.8 Nucleus (contains DNA) 1 µm 9. The Cell’s Heritable Information • Cells contain chromosomes made partly of DNA, the substance of genes – Which program the cells’ production of proteins and transmit information from parents to offspring Sperm cell Nuclei containing DNA Egg cell Figure 1.6 Fertilized egg with DNA from both parents Embyro’s cells with copies of inherited DNA Offspring with traits inherited from both parents • The molecular structure of DNA – Accounts for it information-rich nature Nucleus DNA Cell Nucleotide Figure 1.7 (a) DNA double helix. This model shows each atom in a segment of DNA.Made up of two long chains of building blocks called nucleotides, a DNA molecule takes the three-dimensional form of a double helix. A C T A T A C C G T A G T A (b) Single strand of DNA. These geometric shapes and letters are simple symbols for the nucleotides in a small section of one chain of a DNA molecule. Genetic information is encoded in specific sequences of the four types of nucleotides (their names are abbreviated here as A, T, C, and G). Emergent Properties: A Consequence of Order • Biological systems are much more than the sum of their parts • A system – Is a combination of components that form a more complex organization • Due to increasing complexity – New properties emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of biological order Diversity is a hallmark of life: yet all life is related Figure 1.13 Grouping Species: The Basic Idea Taxonomy Is the branch of biology that names and Classifies species according to a system of broader and broader groups Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Ursus americanus (American black bear) Ursus Ursidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Figure 1.14 Eukarya Kingdom Domain The Three Domains of Life • At the highest level, life is classified into three domains – Bacteria – Archaea – Eukarya • Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea – Consist of prokaryotes • Domain Eukarya, the eukaryotes – Includes the various protist kingdoms and the kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia • Life’s three domains Bacteria are the most diverse 4 µm and widespread prokaryotes and are now divided among multiple kingdoms. Each of the rod-shaped structures in this photo is a bacterial cell. DOMAIN ARCHAEA Figure 1.15 Many of the prokaryotes known 0.5 µm as archaea live in Earth‘s extreme environments, such as salty lakes and boiling hot springs. Domain Archaea includes multiple kingdoms. The photo shows a colony composed of many cells. Protists (multiple kingdoms) 100 µm are unicellular eukaryotes and their relatively simple multicellular relatives.Pictured here is an assortment of protists inhabiting pond water. Scientists are currently debating how to split the protists into several kingdoms that better represent evolution and diversity. Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellula eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to food. Kindom Fungi is defined in part by the nutritional mode of its members, such as this mushroom, which absorb nutrientsafter decomposing organic material. Kindom Animalia consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms. Unity in the Diversity of Life • As diverse as life is – There is also evidence of remarkable unity 15 µm 1.0 µm Cilia of Paramecium. The cilia of Paramecium propel the cell through pond water. 5 µm Figure 1.16 Cross section of cilium, as viewed with an electron microscope Cilia of windpipe cells. The cells that line the human windpipe are equipped with cilia that help keep the lungs clean by moving a film of debris-trapping mucus upward.