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CONNECTICUT ASSOCIATION OF HOUSING CODE ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS, INC. Code Enforcers Safety Awareness Phil Cundiff TODAY’S TOPICS Why Safety??? Safety Programs you should know Personal Protection Equipment Personal safety Tips DO YOU ENTER? WHY SAFETY? Every year Health/Code Enforcement Officers are suffering death, injuries or illnesses due to: Violence Slips and falls Struck by accidents Vehicle accidents Contact with chemicals, blood/body fluids, organic materials, gases, vapors & animals Just to name a few WHY SAFETY? Death, injuries and illnesses If you don’t think about yourself think about your family Awareness becomes compliance The more you stress safety the more it becomes routine Safety is 90% mental and 10% physical Firefighter example INFORMATION What we will be covering in the next few minutes are work related items you definitely don’t want to bring home to your families. Not intended to keep you from doing your job, but to do it safely. The more you know, the better you will perform in real situations! WHO HAS A? Job hazard analysis or task risk assessment Workplace violence awareness training Exposure control plan Confined space awareness training program Excavation awareness training program Lock out tag out awareness training program Personal protection equipment program JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS Anyone can conduct one Many different forms on line to assist Look at the task that you perform Where are you going What are you going to do when you get there What/where are you going into What are the possible hazards involved How can you protect yourself JHA’s will point you in the direction you need to go to protect yourselves WORKPLACE VIOLENCE WORKPLACE VIOLENCE AWARENESS Two types of training programs Employer protection programs Potential violence awareness training Look for programs that have some of the following information WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Things to be aware of: Know the history of the location or persons you visit Good record keeping when something happens Watch for signals that may be associated with violence. Verbally expressing anger or frustration Body language such as threatening gestures Signs of drug or alcohol use Presence of a weapon WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Recognizing Aggressive Body Language Facial signals Disapproving Body looks – target stare signals Stance – clenching fist – tightening of body – breathing – movement (pacing) – head movement (yes – no nods) WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Maintain behavior that helps diffuse anger; Fight or flight Remove yourself from the situation Call for help Present a calm, caring attitude Don’t match the threats Don’t give orders Acknowledge the person’s feelings Avoid any behavior that may be interpreted as aggressive EXPOSURE CONTROL PLANS EXPOSURE CONTROL PLANS Know your exposure potential Physical Contract with infected person Administering first aid Contaminated surfaces Many Others EXPOSURE CONTROL PLANS Routes of Exposure Skin Contact Contamination through the skin can result from direct contact or by absorption. Injection The direct injection of contaminants into the body, either by needle sticks or mechanical injuries from contaminated glass, metal, or other sharp objects. Ingestion Ingestion involves introducing contaminants into the body through the mouth. Inhalation Inhalation is the introduction of a toxic product by the respiratory system EXPOSURE CONTROL PLANS Know what a pathogen is? Micro-organisms, such as viruses or bacteria, which reside in the blood and cause disease to humans. Malaria, syphilis, hepatitis B hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (“HIV”) are examples of bloodborne pathogens. Know where they are found? Blood, Semen, Vaginal secretions, Spinal fluids, Saliva from dental procedures & Any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood, contaminated surfaces EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN Know how they affect you? Hepatitis A - Spread through feces, Found in contaminated food & water, Affects the liver, Can live on hands and in water & soil, Onset 2 weeks to 28 days after exposure, Symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal, pain, jaundice & Can recover from virus Hepatitis B – Spread by blood to blood infects the liver and causes inflammation. There is no specific treatment for HBV. Symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, jaundice. Lives up to 7 days in dried blood. EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN Know how they affect you? HIV-Aids – Blood to blood contact, hard to get but even harder to get rid of. Affect your immune system. Treatment but no cure. Body fluids may be sources of other communicable diseases or illnesses. Meningitis can be acquired when a worker’s mucous membranes contact infectious respiratory secretions while giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation without using barrier protection. Diarrhea may be acquired if workers don’t wash their hands effectively after handling materials contaminated with feces. Other colds germs and flu viruses EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN Exposure incident There must be blood to blood contact, the blood/body fluid must be infected, The virus must enter the body through a mucous membrane (eyes, mouth, or nose), through an opening in the skin (cuts, abrasions, open sores, acne) or through a penetration of the skin by a contaminated sharp object What to do if exposed Wash exposed area with soap and water, flush splashes to nose, mouth, or skin with water, irrigate eyes with water or saline, report the exposure and direct the worker to a healthcare professional EXPOSURE CONTROL PLANS Must general plans cover bloodborne pathogens Yours should look at the other bloodborne and airborne germs, funguses and virus out there. TB Mold Dust Etc. EXPOSURE CONTROL PLANS How do you protect yourself Hand washing Wear gloves Wear a disposable respirator Wear coveralls Wear eye protection CONFINED SPACES CONFINED SPACE STATISTICS 65% of all confined space fatalities are due to hazardous atmosphere In 139 deaths, there were no detectors nor ventilation One-third of all deaths were supervisors 60% were rescuers 25% of spaces were toxic before entry EXAMPLES OF WHY WE ARE HERE A graduate engineer on work-experience entered an inspection chamber to test for seepage and collapsed. Three work colleagues attempted a rescue and as each entered the chamber, collapsed also. All four young men died. A city worker was removing an inspection plate from a sewer line in a deep pump station when the plate blew off and sewage entered the room. Two colleagues and a policeman attempted to rescue him from the sludge filled room. All four died. A worker cleaning the bottom of a septic tank collapsed. Two colleagues who went to rescue him also collapsed. All three died. A 17 year old sewer worker collapsed at the bottom of 3m manhole. Two work mates entered to rescue him and were themselves overcome. By the time they were extracted from the manhole by rescue services the young man was dead. His would be rescuers died two days later. A fourth man at the entrance of the manhole suffered shock and fume inhalation. WHAT IS A CONFINED SPACE? A space that is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work. Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit (i.e. tanks, silos, storage tanks/bins vaults & pits) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. WHAT IS A PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE? Has one or more of the following characteristics. Contains or has potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere. Contains material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant. Has internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or floor which slope downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards HAZARDS IN A CONFINED SPACE Atmospheric Toxic gases Flammable gases Oxygen rich or deficient Physical Slips, trips, or falls Electrical/Mechanical Gravity Engulfment/Flooding Chemical or contact Environmental Biological Heat/cold ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS Too much Oxygen or too little Explosive Toxic gases or Asphyxiation PHYSICAL HAZARDS Slips, trips falls Ladders – uneven floors – wet/slimy surfaces – Poor lighting Electrical/Mechanical Lock out Tag out in place Engulfment & Flooding Movement or shifting of materials Unexpected activation of mechanical equipment or discharge of electricity. Loose granular materials (sand, grain) Improperly enforced walls Unexpected flow of water or materials (rain, tidal water, sewage) Chemical or contact Unprotected body surfaces – contact with chemicals in space Cuts, bruises other injuries due to sharp or protruding objects BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Extreme moisture, slime growths or deposits Poor visibility or noise Rust or deterioration of structure (ladders, railings) Pathogens-diseases Animals Extreme temperatures can be many degrees different + or – in the confined space. Humidity Ventilation Temperature ORDER OF TESTING First – Verify oxygen presence and amounts Second - Flammables Third – Toxics Hydrogen Sulfide Carbon Monoxide EXCAVATION SAFETY AWARENESS EXCAVATION SAFETY AWARENESS Excavation - any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression made in the earth’s surface formed by earth removal. Access and egress. Any trench or excavation four feet or deeper must have a means of exit. Ladders and/or ramps must be located no more than twenty five feet in any direction. Hazardous atmospheres. In excavations deeper than four feet with the potential for a hazardous atmosphere or oxygen deficiency, conduct air testing before workers enter the excavation. EXCAVATION SAFETY AWARENESS Protection from loose rock and soil. Excavated earth (spoil), materials, tools, and equipment shall be placed no closer than two feet from the edge of the excavation. Depending on soil conditions a trench box must be used. LOCK OUT TAG OUT SAFETY LOCKOUT/TAG OUT SAFETY "Lockout/Tag out (LOTO)" refers to specific practices and procedures to safeguard employees from the unexpected energization or startup of machinery and equipment, or the release of hazardous energy during service or maintenance activities. LOCKOUT/TAG OUT SAFETY Need to isolate the source of the energy Electrical Stream Hydraulic Etc. LOCKOUT TAG OUT SAFETY Special note Most home owners or small businesses are not going to follow the lockout tag out requirements But Make sure if you enter a flooded basement or other structures, that the power is turned off Outlets can be under water Electrical appliances can fall into the flooded area SLIP, TRIP AND FALL AWARENESS STF AWARENESS #1 cause of injury and usually the most serious and expensive Same level Objects Stairs Wet surfaces Icy surfaces STF AWARENESS Slips Common Wet Causes: or oily floor surfaces, Occasional spills, Know the common areas that become wet or slippery Kitchens, by exterior doors, etc. Weather hazards, Loose, unanchored rugs or mats, Flooring or other walking surfaces that are worn. In a hurry and not watching where your going STF AWARENESS Trips Common Causes: Obstructed view Poor lighting Clutter & Debris in your way Wrinkled carpeting Uncovered cables Drawers not being closed Wires, briefcases, handbags, etc. Uneven (steps, thresholds) walking surfaces In a hurry and not watching where your going STF AWARENESS Prevention Take your time Pay attention Adjust stride to the task Walk with feet pointed slightly outward Make wide turns at corners. Wear the proper shoes Sufficient Lighting Close your desk drawers when not in use Pick up briefcases, handbags and secure wires around your desk Keep cords, hoses, etc. out of walking paths Always watch where your are walking When carrying or pushing objects, never block your view of the floor STF AWARENESS Naturally, the goal is not to slip, trip or fall but, if you do try to: Tuck your chin in, turn your head and throw up an arm. Better to land on your arm than your head While falling, twist or roll your body to the side. Better to land on your buttocks and side than on your back Keep your wrists, elbows and knees bent. Try not to break your fall with your hands or elbows. Spend the fall to as much of your body’s surface as possible Calmly assess the situation to determine if you are hurt. Get up slowly If your feel injured and can’t stand up, don’t panic Call for assistance If you are not injured, rest for a moment and regain your composure before getting up PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Issued to protect the employees from possible dangers during the site visits Identifies the employee Sets the example – models the behavior It looks good and professional HEAD PROTECTION – HARD HATS When do my employees need head protection? You must provide head protection for your employees if: Objects might fall from above and strike them on the head; They might bump their heads against fixed objects, such as exposed pipes or beams; or They work near exposed electrical conductors. EYE PROTECTION – SAFETY GLASSES When do employees need eye protection? Flying objects Particles and dust Chemicals Harmful light radiation – ultraviolet, lasers, infrared EYE PROTECTION – SAFETY GLASSES Types of eye protection Safety side Glasses shields Goggles Face Shield HEARING PROTECTION HEARING When do employees need hearing protection? If two people 3 feet apart must shout to be heard, the background noise is too loud (above 85 decibels). Noise above 140 decibels causes pain and immediate hearing loss. Noise Level 85 decibels 90 decibels 100 decibels 105 decibels 110 decibels 115 decibels Allowable Exposure Time 8 hours 4 hours 1 hour 30 minutes 15 minutes 0 minutes HEARING PROTECTION HEARING Equipment Back Hoe Chain Saw Front-end Loader Gunshot Jackhammer Lawn Mower Tractor Circular Saw Noise Level 85-95 decibels 110 decibels 90-95 decibels 140 decibels 112 decibels 90 decibels 95-105 decibels 90-100 decibels HEARING PROTECTION HEARING Types of Hearing Protection Ear plugs Ear Muffs Ear caps RESPIRATORY PROTECTION When do employees need respiratory protection? When exposed to dust, fungi or other pathogens in the air When exposed smoke or other airborne irritants RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Types of Respirators Disposable air filtering (dust mask) Half Face Respirator* Full Face Respirator* * Needs special training to use along with a medical clearance RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Must fit snugly on your face No beards Use only once Not to be use for chemical gases or vapor protection Do not use in oxygen deficient atmospheres HAND PROTECTION When do employees need hand protection? To protect the hands from; knives, sharp edges, splinters blood & bodily fluids Chemicals Hot objects Extreme cold Excessive vibration Electricity HAND PROTECTION Types of gloves Disposable gloves protect against blood and germs Leather gloves protect hands from rough surfaces Special insulated gloves to protect the hand from hot or cold BODY & CLOTHING PROTECTION High Visibility Vest Use when working in or near roadways and busy construction sites Coveralls Safety shoes or rubber boots SEAT BELTS / TRAFFIC Seat Belts MUST be used at all times while operating any company vehicle or equipment No Speeding Obey Stop Signs Watch out for and YIELD to pedestrians Stay well back from behind heavy equipment and trucks THANK YOU Contact info Phillip Cundiff Manager of Claims and Loss Control Yale University – Office of Risk Management PO Box 208253 New Haven, CT 06520 203-432-6606 [email protected]