Transcript Slide 1

Head Start
Arizona Head Start TTA Office
Infant Toddler Summer Webinar Series:
Motor Development
Mary Kramer Reinwasser, M.Ed.
Arizona State-Based TTA Manager
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Uniqueness of infancy
Responsibility of adults
Physical characteristics
Principles of development
Reflexes and responses of a newborn
Gross motor development
Influences on motor development
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
2
Learning Outcomes
• Participants will be able to identify major motor
milestones during the toddler years.
• Participants will be able to name several influences
on motor development.
• Participants will be able to describe the three types
of perception.
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
3
The Uniqueness of Infancy
• The specificity of the inborn
inclination to learn and
develop
• The holistic nature of
learning
• Rapid movement through
three major developmental
stages
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
4
Responsibility of Adults
• Adults support learning
respectfully and
responsively to child’s
lessons not create lessons
for child
• Adult facilitates learning in
a holistic manner
• Adults respond to the need
that fit with the child’s
developmental age
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
5
General Physical Characteristics
Infants:
• Head: cone-shape, fontanels
• Hair: varies, may fall out
• Eyes: color changes
• Skin: breakouts
• Umbilical cord: cleaning
• Feet: rotating in, arch
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
6
General Physical Characteristics
Toddlers:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gains 5 to 6 pounds during second year
Leaner, more muscular build by third year
Head is still larger proportionally
High, rounded, prominent forehead resulting from rapid brain
& cranial growth
By 2 ½ years, most children have all their deciduous or “baby”
teeth
Skeletal development continues (lengthen and ossify)
Adipose, or fatty, tissue decreases
By age 3, visual acuity is about 20/30
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
7
Principles of Development
• Cephalocaudal
• Proximodistal
• General to specific
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
8
Motor Development
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
9
Newborn Reflexes and Response
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyVLD0hl0XY&feature=related
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
10
Infant Motor Milestones
• First few weeks after birth: Controlling the head and trunk
• Three months: Able to raise head and chest when on her
tummy; can grasp small objects that are placed in her hand.
• Four to Six months: Able to roll from tummy to back and back
to tummy; able to hold objects and move them from one
hand to another.
• Eight to nine months: Can sit without support; May crawl or
creep across the floor.
• Nine to Fourteen months: Creeping and/or crawling; can pull
up and stand; may walk with or without support.
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
11
12 – 18 Months
• crawls well
• stands alone, sits down
• gestures or points to indicate
wants
• likes to push, pull, and dump
things
• pulls off hat, socks, and mittens
• turns pages in a book
• stacks 2 blocks
• likes to poke, twist, and
squeeze
• enjoys flushing toilets and
closing doors
• enjoys carrying small objects
while walking, often one in
each hand
• holds crayon and scribbles,
but with little control
• waves bye-bye and claps
hands
• walks without help
• enjoys holding spoon when
eating, but experiences
difficulty in getting spoon into
mouth
• rolls a ball to adult on request
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
18 – 24 Months
• walks well
• likes to run, but can't
always stop and turn well
• drinks from a straw
• feeds self with a spoon
• helps wash hands
• stacks 2-4 blocks
• tosses or rolls a large ball
• opens cabinets, drawers,
and boxes
• bends over to pick up toy
without falling
• walks up steps with help
• takes steps backward
• enjoys sitting on and
moving small-wheeled
riding toys
• begins to gain some
control of bowels and
bladder
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
24 – 36 Months
• has almost a full set of
teeth
• walks up and down stairs
by holding onto railing
• feeds self with spoon
• experiments by touching,
smelling, and tasting
• likes to push, pull, fill, and
dump
• can turn pages of a book
• stacks 4-6 objects
• scribbles vigorously with
crayons or markers
• many children (but not all)
will learn to use toilet
• walks without help
• walks backwards
• tosses or rolls a large ball
• stoops or squats
• opens cabinets, drawers
• can bend over to pick up toy
without falling
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
Perception and Development
Perception is the neurological process by which sensory
input is organized.
• Visual perception: ability to recognize and discriminate faces,
patterns, sizes, shapes, depth, distance, etc.
• Auditory perception: use of auditory cues to identify people,
objects, events, etc.
• Tactile-kinesthetic perception: provides information relating
to touch, texture, temperature, weight, pressure, and one’s
own body positions, presences, or movements
• Perceptual-motor: uses visual, auditory, tactile, and other
sensory data to plan and carry out motor activities
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
15
Influences on Motor Development
Environment
⁻ Growth, strength, nutrition
⁻ Motivation
Genetics
– From central to
peripheral
– From head to toe
– General to specific
– From reflex to
intentional
Practice
– New skills build out of
prior abilities
– Motor pathways are
refined through use.
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
16
Motor Activity Examples
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rolling Over
Blowing Bubbles
Crossing the Midline
Pat-A-Cake
Splish Splash
Early Manipulative Skills
Learning by Leaps and Bounds by Rae Pica
http://www.naeyc.org/files/yc/file/201007/
LeapsNBoundsOnline.pdf
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
17
Summary
• There is a general, unfolding pattern of
development.
• Development follows certain principles.
• There are hereditary and environmental influences
on motor development.
• Responsive caregiving is essential in supporting the
development of infants and toddlers.
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
18
The Arizona Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Office
and STG International thank you for joining our webinar today!
Please contact Mary Kramer Reinwasser at
[email protected] for more information.
This presentation, and all 2010 Summer Webinar Series
presentations can be accessed at
http://www.azheadstart.org/AHSA_TTA.html
Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona
A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network
19