Transcript Slide 1

Table of Contents
Chapter: Earth's Resources
Section 1: Natural Resource Use
Section 2: People and the Environment
Section 3: Protecting the Environment
Natural Resource Use
1
News Flash: Trouble
in the Rain Forest
• South America's
Amazon River basin
contains the world's
largest area of
tropical rain forest.
• Removing rain forests
means losing wildlife.
Natural Resource Use
1
News Flash: Trouble
in the Rain Forest
• More than half of Earth's known plant species
and one-fifth of the known bird species can
be found in rain forests.
• Many people who live in rain forest areas
clear land to grow crops or graze cattle.
• To get money for food and supplies, these
people sell the wood to companies that use it
for paper, furniture, and other products.
Natural Resource Use
1
Natural Resources
• Most of the items that you buy or use are
made of materials that come from natural
resources.
• Natural resources are things found in nature
that living organisms use.
• Vegetables that you eat are natural resources.
Natural Resource Use
1
Natural Resources
• The trees and the minerals that were used to
make the lumber, plastic, and metal in your
house are natural resources.
• Natural
resources are
also used to
make other
items in our
lives, such as
CD players.
Natural Resource Use
1
What goes into
making a CD player?
• The cardboard box the CD player came in
was made from trees, and those trees are a
natural resource.
• Plastic is made
from crude oil,
a resource that's
usually found
underground.
Natural Resource Use
1
What goes into
making a CD player?
• Deep holes are drilled in Earth to reach crude
oil underground.
Natural Resource Use
1
More Natural Resources
• Cutting down trees, drilling for crude oil,
mining, and getting natural resources to
factories all require energy.
• Once the natural resources are at the factories,
it takes energy to make them into plastic,
cardboard packaging, metal wires and screws.
Natural Resource Use
1
More Natural Resources
• Trucks that take the natural resources to the
factories use gasoline or diesel fuel, which
are made from crude oil.
• The electricity used to power machines that
make natural resources into materials for CD
player parts often comes from burning coal.
Natural Resource Use
1
All Organisms Use Resources
• Materials used in building construction
include wood, metal, stone, glass, and plastic.
• Tools, machinery, and fuel are used during
construction.
• After completion, the building is filled with
furniture, appliances, food, books, and all the
other things people use.
Natural Resource Use
1
All Organisms Use Resources
• All living things on Earth use natural
resources.
• Animals
use natural
resources
for food
and shelter.
Natural Resource Use
1
Availability of Resources
• Sunlight, water, trees, apples . . . These are all
natural resources.
• Natural resources are found everywhere—
in national parks and in the middle of
large cities.
• They are all renewable (ree NEW uh bul)
resources.
Natural Resource Use
1
Renewable Resources
• Resources that can be replaced by natural
processes in 100 years or less are called
renewable resources.
• Energy from the sun is a renewable
resources because the Sun gives off energy
every day, and it will continue to do so every
day for millions of years.
Natural Resource Use
1
Renewable Resources
• Trees are renewable resources because most
trees will grow back and be cut again in less
than 100 years.
Natural Resource Use
1
Renewable Resources
• Water is another renewable resource.
• Heat from the Sun evaporates water from
lakes, stream, and oceans, turning it into
gaseous water vapor that rises into the
atmosphere.
• Later, the water vapor condenses back into
liquid and falls as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
Natural Resource Use
1
Renewable Resources
• Wind is also an example of
a renewable resource.
• Old-fashioned
windmills used wind
energy to pump water
from underground wells.
• Today, large windmills are
used to generate electricity.
Natural Resource Use
1
Nonrenewable Resources
• Coal, natural gas, and crude oil take millions
of years to form inside Earth.
• Nonrenewable resources are resources that
cannot be replaced by natural processes
within 100 years.
• Because nonrenewable resources form slowly
over long periods of time, they need to be
used wisely.
Natural Resource Use
1
Conserving Resources
• Conservation is the practice of protecting
and preserving natural resources so they will
always be available.
• Both renewable and nonrenewable resources
need to be conserved.
• Protecting the quality of air, water, and land
is just as important as preserving supplies of
coal, crude oil, and other nonrenewable
resources.
Section Check
1
Question 1
What does this map indicate
about tropical rain forests in
South America?
Section Check
1
A. one-fifth of Earth’s bird
species live in rain forests
B. rain forests contain natural
resources
C. some medicines come
from rain forest plants
D. the area of rain forests are
decreasing
Section Check
1
Answer
The map shows that tropical rain forest land in
South America has significantly decreased
since 1940. Worldwide, rain forests are being
destroyed at the rate of 117,000 km2 every
year.
Section Check
1
Question 2
What natural resource is used to make plastics?
Answer
Crude oil is used to make plastics. Crude oil is
a thick dark product that can be made into
plastics, gasoline, inks, dyes, and many other
products.
Section Check
1
Question 3
Some calculators are solar powered while
others use batteries. Which of these types of
calculators uses a renewable resource?
Answer
The solar calculator is using light energy
which is a renewable resource. The Sun gives
off light energy every day and will continue to
do so for millions of years.
People and the Environment
2
Exploring Environmental Problems
• Frequently, human activities affect the quality
and availability of some of our most precious
natural resources: land, water, and air.
People and the Environment
2
Our Impact on Land
• How much space do you need?
• Think about where your food comes from,
your school, and other spaces you use.
• If you start adding it all up, the amount of
spaces you use is much larger than you
may think.
People and the Environment
2
Using Land Wisely
• The amount of land available for us to
use is limited.
• People need food, clothing, jobs and a
place to live, and each of these things
takes land. But preserving natural
habitats also is important.
• Once a wetland is filled in to build an
apartment building, the wetland and the
organisms living there are lost.
People and the Environment
2
Land Use Laws
• Before major construction can take place
in a new area, the land must be studied to
determine what impact the construction
will have on the natural habitat, the living
organisms, the soil, and water in the area.
• If there are endangered organisms, living
there, or if the impact will be too great,
construction may not be allowed.
People and the Environment
2
Landfills
• About 57 percent of our garbage goes to
landfills.
• A landfill, is
an area where
garbage is
deposited.
People and the Environment
2
Landfills
• Any material that can harm living things by
interfering with life processes is called a
pollutant (puh LEW tunt).
• Modern landfills are lined with plastic or clay
to keep chemical pollutants from escaping.
People and the Environment
2
Landfills
• Potentially dangerous items such as batteries,
paints, and household cleaners sometimes end
up in landfills.
• Garbage that contains dangerous chemicals
or other pollutants is called hazardous waste.
• Hazardous wastes can be taken to a special
site where they are collected and disposed
of safely.
People and the Environment
2
Our Impact on Water
• The average person in the United States uses
about 397 L of water each day.
• Through water is a renewable resource, in
some places it is being used up faster than
natural processes can replace it.
People and the Environment
2
Our Impact on Water
• Only a small amount
of Earth's water is
freshwater that
people can drink or
use for other needs.
• Many places around
the world are
running out of
usable freshwater.
People and the Environment
2
Water Pollution
• Many everyday activities can cause water
pollution.
• When you scrub a floor with a mixture of
water and a household cleaner, what do you
do with the mixture afterward?
• You pour it down the drain.
People and the Environment
2
Water Pollution
• The polluted
water usually
goes to a
watertreatment
plant, where it
is cleaned
before being
used again.
Click image to view movie.
People and the Environment
2
Water Pollution
• There are many other ways that water can
become polluted.
• Rain can wash pesticides and fertilizers from
farmland into lakes, streams, or oceans.
People and the Environment
2
Water Pollution
• Rain falling on roads or parking lots
washes oil and grease onto soil or into
nearby waterways.
• The dumping of litter and garbage into
rivers, lakes, and oceans is another source
of water pollution.
People and the Environment
2
Water Pollution
• Much of our drinking water comes from
rivers, lakes, and underground sources.
• This water is
treated to remove
impurities before
it is used by
people in town
and cities.
People and the Environment
2
Cleaning Up the Water
• The United States and Canada have agreed
to clean up the pollution in Lake Erie, a lake
that borders both countries.
• The Safe Drinking Water Act is a set of U.S.
government standards that makes sure that
our drinking water is safe.
• The Clean Water Act gives money to the
states for building water-treatment plants.
People and the Environment
2
Our Impact on Air
• If you live in a city, you may have noticed
that on some days, the air looks hazy.
• Pollutants such as dust and gases in the air
cause this haziness.
People and the Environment
2
Our Impact on Air
• Air pollution can be caused by natural events,
such as a volcano eruption that releases
smoke and ash into the air. But people cause
most air pollution.
People and the Environment
2
Sources of Air Pollution
• The two
biggest
sources of
air pollution
are cars and
factories,
including
power plants
that produce
electricity.
People and the Environment
2
Sources of Air Pollution
• Cars need gasoline to run.
• When gasoline is burned, pollutants are
released into the air.
People and the Environment
2
Sources of Air Pollution
• Many factories and power plants burn coal
or oil for the energy they need.
• The burning of fuel releases pollutants into
the air that can cause health problems.
• In the United States, it is estimated that
50,000 to 120,000 deaths each year are
linked to air pollution.
People and the Environment
2
Acid Rain
• Acid rain happens when the gases released
by burning oil and coal mix with water in
the air to form acidic rain or snow.
• When acid rain falls to the ground, it can
harm trees and other plants.
• When acid rain falls into rivers and lakes, it
can kill fish and other organisms that live in
the water.
People and the Environment
2
Spare the Air
• The best solution for all types of pollution,
including air pollution, is prevention.
• Reducing the number of pollutants in the
environment is easier to do than cleaning
up pollution.
People and the Environment
2
Spare the Air
• You can help protect the atmosphere by
limiting the amount of energy you use
at home.
• Conserve electricity by turning off lamps,
radios, fans, and other appliances that you
aren't using.
• Keep doors and windows closed to save
heat energy in the winter or to reduce the
need for air conditioning in the summer.
Section Check
2
Question 1
What might stop the construction of a new
shopping center in an area where endangered
organisms are living?
A. hazardous waste
B. landfills
C. land use laws
D. resource conservation
Section Check
2
Answer
The correct answer is C. Land use laws are
intended to help people use land wisely.
Before major construction can take place in a
new area, the land must be studied to
determine the impact on the natural resources
in the area.
Section Check
2
Question 2
This chart shows the
percentage of water
covering Earth’s
surface. How much
of this water is
freshwater that
people can drink or
use for other needs?
Section Check
2
A. less than 1 %
B. about 5%
C. 50%
D. more than 70%
Section Check
2
Answer
The correct answer is A. Many places around
the world are running out of usable freshwater.
Section Check
2
Question 3
Which of the following can cause acid rain?
A. burning oil and coal
B. disposing of hazardous wastes in landfills
C. dumping garbage into rivers and lakes
D. using pesticides on farmland
Section Check
2
Answer
The correct answer is A. When coal and oil are
burned, gasses are released that mix with water
in the air to form acid rain or snow.
Protecting the Environment
3
Cutting Down on Waste
• Five billion tons is the
estimated amount of
solid waste thrown
away each year in this
country.
• Solid waste is
whatever people
throw away that is in
a solid or near-solid
form.
Protecting the Environment
3
Cutting Down on Waste
• Most waste is produced when coal, oil,
and other natural resources are taken from
the ground.
• Households and businesses produce only
about four percent of this country's waste.
• Solid-waste management for individuals
can be summed up by the three Rs—
reduce, reuse, and recycle.
Protecting the Environment
3
Reduce
• The simplest and most effective way you can
help solve the solid-waste problem is to
reduce the total amount of solid waste that
you throw away.
• One method of reducing waste is to buy
products with little or no packaging.
Protecting the Environment
3
Reuse
• Reuse means using an item again rather
than throwing it away and replacing it.
• Worn-out clothes can be used as
cleaning rags.
• Old newspapers can be used to line pet
cages, wrap gifts, or cover the floor
when painting.
Protecting the Environment
3
Recycle
• Recycling (ree SI kling) means reusing
materials after they have been changed
into another form.
• Used paper can be reprocessed to make
recycled paper.
• Glass can be melted
and reformed into
new containers made
of recycled glass.
Click image to view movie.
Protecting the Environment
3
Recycled Products
• Recycling means
not only
separating your
garbage, but also
buying recycled
goods when you
can.
• Keep in mind that reducing and reusing use
even less energy, because they do not require
the reprocessing of materials.
Protecting the Environment
3
Habits for a Healthier Environment
• You can see how changing your everyday
habits—the way you pack your lunch, the
transportation choices you make, the way
you dispose of your trash—help reduce solid
waste and pollution, and helps conserve
natural resources.
• The best way for everyone to protect the
environment is to develop habits that promote
a healthy environment.
Section Check
3
Question 1
What are the three Rs of solid waste
management?
Answer
The three Rs are reduce, reuse, recycle.
Following the three Rs will cut down on the
amount of solid waste generated and save
natural resources.
Section Check
3
Question 2
Which of these uses the least amount of
energy?
A. producing cardboard from recycled
newspaper
B. recycling aluminum cans into cookware
C. recycling plastic containers into carpet
D. using the same cloth bags every week for
groceries
Section Check
3
Answer
The correct answer is D. Recycling saves
energy compared to manufacturing new
materials. However, reusing items uses even
less energy because no materials must be
reprocessed.
Section Check
3
Question 3
What is the definition of solid waste?
Answer
Solid waste is whatever people throw away
that is in a solid or near solid form. Solid
wastes include plastics, paper, metals, and
glass.
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