Transcript Breeds of Horses

Equine
Equs caballus
Horse Classification
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Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Perissodactyla
Family:
Equidae
Genus:
Equus
Species:
Equus caballus
Origin of the Equine
• Eohippus- (Dawn Horse) 55 million
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years ago
- 10-20 inches tall
- 4 toes of front feet
-3 toes on hind feet
-teeth were simple crowns
-browsers not grazers that lived in the
forest
• Mesohippus (Middle Horse) 35
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million years ago
-20 inches tall
-each foot had 3 toes and the middle toe
was the biggest
-browser
-teeth grew bigger
• Merychippus- (Grass eater) 26 million
years ago.
• -40 inches tall
• -middle toe lager and bore all weight,
ended in a hoof
• -started grazing, teeth developed high
crowns and good cementum from grinding
grasses
• Pliohippus – (one-toed grazer) 2-3
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millions years ago
- Taller- equivalent to horses today
-side toes become bones of side of legs
(splint bones)
Teeth changed to adapt to eating grass
- eyes wider for better vision
Equus (True Horse)
• -middle toe has terminated into a stout
hoof
• - Teeth high crowned, will keep on growing
throughout horses life- hypsodont
My relatives
• The name Perissodactyla
means "odd-toed." This
group of ungulates
includes horses, tapirs,
and rhinos. The name of
their order derives from
the fact that their middle
toe is larger than the
others, and the plane of
symmetry of the foot
passes through it, a
condition called
mesaxonic
Undomesticated species
• There are 3 groups one which include the
zebra of Africa and Asia, the second is the
wild ass of Africa and the third is
Przhevalski’s horse.
Przewalski’s Horse
• Only known surviving
wild horse- (never
tamed for riding)
• Has 33 pair of
chromosomes
compared to todays
horse with 32
• Was extinct in the wild
but captive breeding
has resulted in
reintroduction to the
wild
• ‘primitive’ appearance
• (sheh-val-skee)
History
• Evidence indicates that horses
were plentiful during the Stone
Age. Horses were used for a
food source
• Horses became domesticated
during the Bronze age about
2000BC
• The domesticated horses of
Babylonia and Egypt were the
foundation horses of the Arabian
breeds
• Heavily built and slower horses
were being domesticated in
Europe
• A third ancestral strain found in
the British Isles was the prototype
to the modern pony
History cont.
The first domestic horses introduced into the
Americas were brought by Spanish
conquistadores in the 16th century. The
ancestors of these horses are the Mustangs
The 17th century was the first attempt to
improve breeds of horses. The
Thoroughbred was developed form the
foundations sires The Byerly Turk, the
Darley Arabian, and Godolphin Barb, bred
to English mares. Stud books began in the
late 1700’s
Breeds of Horses
• -roughly 500
breeds world wide
• Major types
• -draft, pony, light
Common Draft Horses Breeds
• Was developed in Northern Europe as war
horses
• Above 16 hands
• 1,500 – 2,500 lbs
• Large bones and thick
Belgian – Draft
• Mix of Belgian and
Flemish horses
• Stand 16 - 17.2 hands
• Weight- 1,900 to 2,200 lbs.
• Colors- chestnut or sorrel,
and roan with flaxen mane
and tail
Clydesdale - Draft
• Originated in Scotland
• Weights between 1,700 and
2200 lbs.
• Stands 17- 19 hands
• Colors- typically bay and brown
with white markings- but can
be many colors with
feathering of legs
Shire - Draft
• English in Origin
• 17 to 19 hands tall
• Commonly black,
but can be bay,
grey chestnut
• Also has feathering
on legs
Percheron
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Originated in France
Is a draft horse
16-17 hands in height
Weight 1,8002,000lbs.
• Color - usually black
or grey, but also bay,
brown, chestnut and
roan.
• Arabian influence in
background
Suffolk Punch- Draft
• Developed in
England
• 16-17 hands in
height
• 1800-2000lbs
• Color- always
chestnut
• Rounded “punchy”
apperance
American Cream- Draft
• Only US developed
draft
• Light cream color
• Moderate to small
in size
Common Light Horses
• Most horses, usually riding breeds; small
bones and thin legs
• Above 14.2 hands
• 900 – 1300 lbs.
American Mustang
• Originated in U.S. from
horses brought to New
World by Spanish.
• Originally came from
North Africa.
• Used for show and
pleasure riding, jumping
and as a stock horse.
• May be any color.
Appalossa
• Originated in U.S. from Nez Perce’ Native
Americans
• 14-16 hands
• 900-1200 pounds
• Must have striped hooves
• Must have mottling of skin
around muzzle and eyes
• Must have unpigmented
sclera
• Will come in 2 basic patterns
Leopard or Blanket
Arabian
• One of the oldest pure
breeds
• 14-15 hands
• Small, 850-1100 lbs.
• Elegant, refined, durablevalued for beauty purity
movement intelligence,
and endurance
• Dished face and high tail
carriage
• Colors are bay, gray and
chestnut a few are black.
Andalusian
Originated in Spain.
15-16 hands
900-1100 pounds
Used for bullfighting, dressage,
and jumping
Colors are bay, white and gray
Cortes brought Andalusians to
America for his conquests.
Aztec
• The Azteca breed was
the first breed developed
in Mexico.
• development of a breed
using Andalusian,
Quarter Horse and Criollo
began
• The Mexican charro
requires a calm horse to
rope from, excel in all
working ranch endeavors,
and the elegance to be
shown off in pleasure
riding
Canadian
• the Canadian Horse remains the
sturdiest and most acclimatized horse
in Canada today.
• They are tough, strong horses,
tolerant of inclement weather
conditions, and are extremely “easy
keepers”.
• Because of these traits, the Canadian
Horse is often referred to as “The Little
Iron Horse”.
• They are characterized by their finely
chiseled heads, arched necks, and
thick, long, wavy manes and tails – all
reminiscent of their Andulasian and
Barb. Have also helped refine
Morgan and Tennessee Walking
horse.
Cleveland Bay
• Originated in England
• Larger horse-1,1501400 lbs.
• Used as a utility
horse, pleasure riding
and driving.
• Color- Solid bay with
black legs.
Hackney- horse and pony
• Originated in England
• Weighs 600 to 1,200
lbs.
• 12-16 hands
• Used as a harness or
carriage horse.
• Colors-bay, brown or
chestnut, with white
markings.
Lipizzaner
• Austrian breed
• averaging between 14.3
to 15.3 hands
• 1000-1200pounds
• The Lipizzaner is noted
for his sturdy body,
brilliant action and proud
carriage as well as his
intelligent and docile
disposition. Born dark,
black-brown, brown or
mouse-grey, Lipizzaners
turn white somewhere
between the ages of 6
and 10
Missouri Fox Trotting
Horse
• Came from the
Ozarks in Missouri.
• Major use is pleasure
riding
• Has a fox trot gait
• Color is sorrel, usually
with white markings.
Morgan
• Originated in Vermontnamed after Justin
Morgan who brought him
to Vermont
• 14-16 hands
• 800-1200 pounds
• used for pleasure riding,
and as a stock horse.
• Is the foundation breed
for many breeds in the
U.S.
• Colors- bay, black, brown
and Chestnut.
Palomino
• Originated in the U.S.
from Spanish Stock.
• Used for pleasure
riding, stock, harness
and as a parade
horse.
• Color-gold- color does
not breed true in
crosses. Mane and
tail are lighter colors.
Paso Fino – Peruvian Paso
• Originated in Spain where the
chance mix of breeds sparked
the seed that became one of
the world's finest riding horses.
• 13-15 hands
• 950 pounds
• The basic gaits of the Paso
Fino in order of speed are the
paso fino, paso corto, and paso
largo. They also walk and
canter.
• The gait itself is evenly spaced,
with each foot contacting the
ground independently
• Color- grey, white, black, bay,
chestnut
Quarter Horse
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Originated in U.S.
14-15 hands
1000-1250 pounds
First used as a race
horse. “quarter miler”
• Inherent “cow sense”
used in ranch work
• Comes in most colors
• Used for pleasure riding,
racing, showing and as a
stock horse.
First registered American Quarter Horse
Bred here in Texas at King Ranch in Kingsville
American Saddlebred
Developed in Kentucky
15-16 hands
Used for riding and driving
Shown as a 3 gaited or 5 gaited or harness horse
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Standardbred
Originated in the U.S.
15-16 hands
850-1200 pounds
Colors are bay, black,
brown and chestnut.
Other colors may occur.
• Developed as a harness
racing horse,
extraordinary speed
without breaking into a
gallop
• The pace is not a natural
gate like the trot
Tennessee Walking Horse
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Originated in the Tennessee
15-16 hands
1000-1200 pounds
Colors include sorrel,
chestnut, black, bay, brown,
white and golden.
• Noted for it’s running walk
gait.
• Used for pleasure riding and
showing.
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Thoroughbred
Originated in England.
15.1-16.1 hands
900-1200 pounds
Development as a race
horse began in the 17th.
Century
• Colors include bay,
brown, and chestnut
• Used as a race horse
and hunter/jumper,
dressage, eventing
Trakehner
• Originated in East
Prussia.
• Name comes from the
town in East Prussia were
the breed was
established.
• Large horse 16-17 hands.
• Used as a dressage
horse- has elegant
movement.
Common Pony Breeds
• A breed of horse that is under
14.2 hands.
• <800 lb.
Connemara Pony
• Originated in Ireland
• Came to U.S. in 1951
• Used for jumping and
pleasure riding.
• Colors- Roan or
chestnut, bay, black,
brown, cream, dun or
gray.
Chincoteague Pony
• Descends from the wild horses
on Assateague Island off the
coast of Va. And Maryland.
• Were brought to Island from
mainland by their owners to
avoid taxes in the 17th century
• They are pony size 12-13
hands
• Due to large amount of salt in
diet they drink twice as much
water as other domestic
horses.
• The large amount of water they
drink gives them a bloated
look.
Pony of the Americas
• Originated in Iowa,
cross of Appaloosa
and Shetland
• Color patterns of the
Appaloosa.
• Used for pleasure
riding and showing.
• From 11.2 to 13.2
hands high.
Shetland Pony
• Originated in Shetland
Islands.
• About 11 hands
• 300-400 pounds
• Used for pleasure riding by
children and for showing
and pulling carts
• Any color
Welsh (Pony)
• Originated in Wales
• 10-14 hands
• Resemble small
Arabian
• Ideal for young
children
• Many uses: work in
coal mines, pull
chariots, work cattle
Miniature
• The American Miniature
is a "height" breed; they
must measure no more
than 34 inches in height
at maturity
• These little horses have
already proved their
worth in therapeutic
programs for the disabled
child or adult, as well as
with the aged.
References
• http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/