Transcript Assessment In Early Childhood Education

ASSESSMENT AND CAREER
PLANNING
Career Development Interventions in the 21st
Century
4th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn Harris-Bowlsbey
Prepared By
Jennifer Del Corso
Introduction
Assessment is the use of any formal or informal technique to
collect data about a client.
It is a tool of the trait-and-factor approach, which had its
beginning with the three-step career choice process
introduced by Frank Parsons.
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Guidelines for Use of Trait-and-Factor
Approach in 21st Century
Test data
•
are only one piece of a much larger puzzle.
•
should be used less for prediction and more for identifying
new options.
The client should be more involved in making the decision
about whether to use assessment and for what purposes.
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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1
Become
awa re of ne ed
to make career
decisions
7
Impleme nt
a voca tional
choic e
2
Le arn
about and/or
re eva luate
self
Resources
6
3
(w ebsites,
databases,
print materials,
software)
Ma ke
educ ational
choic es
5
Ma ke
tentative
choic es from
among a vaila ble
occupations
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Identify
occupational
alterna tives
4
Obtain
information
about ide ntified
alterna tives
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Assessment and the Career Planning Process
Step 1 - may use an instrument to measure career maturity,
career beliefs or decision-making style
Step 2 - may use inventories to measure interests, abilities,
skills, work values, or personality type
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Assessment and the Career Planning Process
Step 3 - Score report from inventories given in Step 2 will
suggest occupations.
Step 4 - Assessment not likely to be used.
Step 5 - Inventories of work-related values may be used to
reduce number of options.
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Assessment and the Career Planning Process
Step 6 - Tests that predict success in college or measure
achievement in specific subject matter may be used.
Step 7 - Instruments that measure work skills or personality
type may be used.
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Purposes of Assessment
Counselors can learn more about the needs (decision-making
skills, career maturity, removal of irrational beliefs) of clients.
Counselors can learn more about the characteristics
(interests, abilities, skills, values, personality) of clients.
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Purposes of Assessment
Clients can learn more about themselves (such as their
interests, skills, abilities, work values, personality type).
Counselors can measure the progress (in acquiring career
maturity,decision-making skills, career decidedness) of an
individual or group of individuals.
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Counselor Responsibilities
Follow ethical guidelines provided by professional associations
Possess knowledge
•
basic principles of assessment
•
details of specific instruments to be used
•
how to prepare clients/students
•
how to administer properly
•
how to interpret properly
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Characteristics of Informal Assessment
Instruments not subjected to scientific study
Results for one person cannot be compared with those of
others
No standard linkage between results and occupational choices
No standard way to interpret results
Low cost or free materials
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Types of Informal Assessment
Checklists
Games
Career fantasies
Forced-choice activities
Card sorts
Structured interviews
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Characteristics of Formal Assessment
Known validity (instrument measures what it claims to
measure)
Known reliability (results of a later administration will be
highly similar to those of first administration)
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Characteristics of Formal Assessment
Fairness related to diversity (instrument adequately
researched with kinds of individuals who will later take the
instrument)
Measures of comparison (compares the scores of one
individual with those of others)
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Common Interest Inventories
Career Assessment Inventory (CAI)
Career Occupational Preference Survey (COPS)
Career Quest
Harrington-O’Shea Career Decision-Making System (CDMS)
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© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Common Interest Inventories
continued
Interest Determination, Exploration, and Assessment System
(IDEAS)
Interest Explorer
Jackson Vocational Interest Survey (JVIS)
Kuder Career Search with Person Match
O*Net Interest Profiler
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Common Interest Inventories
continued
Self-Directed Search (SDS)
Strong Interest Inventory (SII)
Unisex Edition of the ACT Interest Inventory (UNIACT)
Vocational Interest Inventory
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© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Common Instruments to Measure Skills and
Abilities
Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS)
SkillScan
WorkKeys
Passion Revealer
The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)
Career Planning Survey
O*Net Ability Profiler
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Other Inventories
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) - measures personality
type
O*Net Work Importance Profiler - measures the importance of
six work values
Super’s Work Values Inventory - measures the importance of
12 work values
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Steps of the Assessment Process
Prepare students/clients for assessment
Administer instrument(s) properly
Interpret instrument(s) properly
Follow through to assist students/clients to use results for
action planning
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© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Ways to Administer and Interpret
Assessment
Print form - manual or optical scoring; counselor
interpretation
Computer (standalone or networked) - administration and
scoring; counselor or computer interpretation
Internet - administration, scoring, and interpretation
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Advantages of Internet Delivery
Can be taken from anywhere 24/7
Immediate scoring and feedback
Standard interpretation, though customized
Capability to share report with others electronically
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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No-Fee Assessment Websites
University of Waterloo Career Services www.cdm.uwaterloo.ca/steps.asp
CareerKey - www.ncsu.edu/careerkey
University of Missouri Career Center http://career.missouri.edu (Select Career Interests Game)
Motivational Assessment of Personal Potential www.assessment.com
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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For-Fee Assessment Websites
DISCOVER – www.act.org
Kuder Career Planning System - www.kuder.com
Self-Directed Search - www.self-directed-search.com
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Types of Reports
Results typically come in print form from the website or
computer from which the assessment was taken
Raw scores - provide a tally of responses in a specific
category; examinee cannot compare personal scores with
those of others
Percentile scores - compare the scores of one person with
those of a selected norm group
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Steps in Selection of Instruments
Determine purpose of assessment.
Consider characteristics of those to be assessed.
Determine if norm group for instrument includes
characteristics of persons to be tested.
Investigate the reliability and validity of the instrument.
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Steps in Selection of Instruments
Read critical reviews and talk to other professionals.
Acquire a sample copy, take it, and read publisher’s materials.
Administer instrument to a few individuals and practice
interpretation.
Determine cost and options for administration and scoring.
Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e
© 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
5-27