A+ Guide to Software

Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting THIRD EDITION

Chapter 11

Windows on a Network

You Will Learn…

 About different types of physical network architectures  How networking works with Windows  How to configure a network card and a network protocol using Windows  About sharing resources on a network  Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 2

Physical Network Architecture 

LAN

(

local area network

) provides a way for devices to communicate and share resources 

Node

(

host

) is one device on a network  Popular physical network architectures  Ethernet  Wireless LAN  Token Ring  FDDI A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 3

Ethernet  Most popular network architecture today  Three variations  10-Mbps Ethernet  100-Mbps (Fast) Ethernet  Gigabit Ethernet  Most Ethernet networks use star configuration using a

hub

 A hub is a distribution point A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 4

Ethernet Star Configuration A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 5

Hub, RJ-45 and BNC Connectors A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 6

Wireless LAN  Uses radio waves or infrared light instead of cables to connect devices  Uses a wireless network interface card which includes an antenna  Devices connect to LAN by way of a

wireless access point

(

AP

) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 7

Access Point A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 8

How NICs Work A PC connects to a network by way of a

network adapter

(

network interface card

,

NIC

)  PCI slot  USB port  SCSI external port  Serial port  Embedded on motherboard A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 9

How NICs Work (continued)  An individual NIC supports only one architecture at a time  A

combo card

can accommodate different cabling media  Each NIC is uniquely identified by an address knows as any of the following:  MAC address  Media Access Control  Hardware address  Physical address  Adapter address  Ethernet address A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 10

Ethernet Combo Card A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 11

Windows Networking 

Network Operating System

(

NOS

) controls an entire network and resources in a

client/server

model  Popular Network Operating Systems  Windows Server 2003  Windows 2000 Server  Novell NetWare  Unix  Linux A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 12

Windows Networking (continued)  Client/Server network 

Client

computer provides a user ID and password in order to access a network 

Server

validates that data against a security database  Windows client/server network is called a domain  Server in a Windows network is called a domain controller A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 13

Windows Networking (continued)  In a

peer-to-peer network

, each computer has the same authority as the other computers  Usually fewer than 10 computers  A Windows peer-to-peer network is called a

workgroup

A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 14

Windows Network Protocols A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 15

Windows Network Protocols (continued) 

TCP/IP

is the protocol of the Internet 

IPX/SPX

is a protocol designed for Novell NetWare 

NetBEUI

protocol is a non-routable Windows A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 16

Windows Network Protocols (continued)  To use a network protocol  Install the NIC and connect to the network  Install the protocol in the operating system  Protocol automatically associates itself with any NICs it finds in a process called

binding

 Properties page of a network connection will show installed network protocols A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 17

Installed Network Protocols A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 18

Addressing on a Network  MAC Address: unique permanent address embedded in a NIC  IP address: a 32-bit address identifying a device in a TCP/IP network  Character-based names 

Host

name 

NetBIOS

name (computer name)  Port address A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 19

MAC Addresses  Used at the physical level of networking  A host uses the operating system to learn the MAC address of another host on the same network  Cannot be used to communicate between hosts on different networks A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 20

Using MAC Addresses A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 21

Using Ipconfig to Display IP Address and MAC Address A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 22

IP Addresses  Identify devices on the Internet and other TCP/IP networks  Four

octets

separated by periods that identifies a computer, printer, or other device on a TCP/IP network  First part identifies the network  Last part identifies the host A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 23

Classes of IP Addresses A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 24

Public, Private, and Reserved IP Addresses 

Public IP addresses

– group of IP addresses, different from all others, licensed for use on the Internet 

Private IP addresses

– used on private intranets isolated from the Internet  10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255

 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255

 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255

A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 25

Reserved IP Addresses  Certain IP addresses are reserved for special use by TCP/IP  All IP addresses must be unique for a network A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 26

Dynamically Assigned IP Addresses 

Static IP address

 Manually assigning an IP address permanently to a host 

Dynamic IP address

 Leasing an IP address for the current session only A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 27

Dynamically Assigned IP Addresses (continued) 

DHCP

(

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

) server  Manages dynamic IP address assignment  Failed attempt to lease an IP address results in an

Automatic Private IP Address

(

APIPA

) in the 169.254.0.0 network A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 28

DHCP Server A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 29

Network Address Translation  Uses a single public IP address to access the Internet on behalf of all hosts on the network using other IP addresses 

Proxy server

sometimes does double duty as a firewall A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 30

Proxy Server A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 31

Host Names and NetBIOS Names  Use characters rather than numbers to identify a computer on a network  Easier to remember and use than IP addresses 

Domain name

identifies a network A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 32

Host Names and NetBIOS Names (continued) 

NetBIOS

name – used by NetBEUI protocol to identify a computer on the network 

WINS

resolves a NetBIOS name to an IP address 

Host

name – Used by TCP/IP to identify a computer on the network 

DNS

resolves a host name to an IP address A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 33

How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN  A Windows 98 computer using NetBIOS uses the following steps (next slide) to resolve a name to an IP address  A Windows 2000/XP computer using TCP/IP begins at step 5  If NetBEUI is running, it then turns to steps 1 through 4 to resolve the name A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 34

How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN (continued) 4.

5.

6.

1.

2.

3.

Checks NetBIOS name cache Queries WINS server Broadcasts NetBIOS name to be resolved Checks

LMHosts

file Checks

Hosts

file Queries DNS server A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 35

Configuring a Network Card and Connecting to a Network Installing a network card and connecting a PC to a network: 1.

Install the NIC and drivers 2.

Using Windows, configure the NIC with the correct addresses and protocols 3.

Test the NIC to verify ability to access network resources A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 36

Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP 1.

2.

3.

4.

Physically install the network card Turn on the PC and the Found New Hardware Wizard locates and loads drivers Use Device Manager to verify that the device drivers installed properly Connect the NIC port to the network with a cable A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 37

Windows XP Computer Name 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Right-click

My Computer

, select

Properties

from shortcut menu For Windows XP, click

Computer Name

tab, click

Change

button Enter the new computer name Select

Workgroup

or

Domain

, as appropriate, enter its name Click

OK

,

OK

, and reboot Go to

My Network Places

computers on the network and view other A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 38

Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP Before installing TCP/IP, ask: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Will the PC use dynamic or static IP addressing?

If static, what IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway should be used?

What is the IP address of DNS server?

What is the IP address of the proxy server?

A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 39

Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP (continued) 1.

2.

3.

Open

Network Connections

, right-click

Local Area Connection Properties

icon, select Select

Internet Protocol

(

TCP/IP

), click

Properties

button For dynamic addressing, select

Obtain IP address automatically

; for static addressing, select

Use the following IP address

, enter IP address, Subnet mask and Default gateway A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 40

Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP (continued) 4.

5.

 If DHCP will assign DNS server address, select

Obtain DNS server address automatically

, click

OK

twice If not, select

Use the following DNS server address,

enter the IP address, click

OK

twice  Open

My Network Places

and verify your computer and others on the network are visible If not, reboot A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 41

Installing a NIC Using Windows 9x 1.

2.

3.

4.

Physically install the network card Turn on the PC and the Found New Hardware Wizard locates and loads drivers Use Device Manager to verify that the device drivers installed properly Connect the NIC port to the network with a patch cable A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 42

Assigning a Computer Name in Windows 9x 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Access

Control Panel

,

Network

icon Click

Identification

tab Enter workgroup and computer name Click

OK

to exit; reboot Open Network Neighborhood and verify that you see your computer and others on the network A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 43

Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 1.

2.

3.

4.

Access

Control Panel

,

Network

icon Click

Add

Select

Protocol

and click

Add;

select

Microsoft

on the left,

TCP/IP

on the right, click

OK

Notice that that TCP/IP is automatically bound to any network adapter or modem A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 44

Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 (continued) 1.

2.

In the Network window, select the item where TCP/IP is bound to the NIC, click

Properties

 If static IP addressing is used, click

Specify an IP address

, enter the IP address and Subnet mask If dynamic addressing is used, click

Obtain IP address automatically

A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 45

Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 (continued) 3.

4.

5.

If DNS will be used, click the

DNS Configuration

tab, choose to enable DNS, enter the IP addresses of DNS servers When finished, click

OK

twice Open Network Neighborhood and verify that you see your computer and others on the network A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 46

Installing a Wireless NIC 1.

2.

3.

 Install the wireless NIC in computer Follow the Found New Hardware Wizard to load device drivers Configure the NIC to use the same parameters as the access point Use the configuration software to view wireless connection status and to change wireless parameters A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 47

Installing a Wireless NIC (continued) 4.

    Click the configuration tab to change how the NIC functions Mode: infrastructure or Ad Hoc SSID: service set identifier Tx Rate: transmission rate PS Mode: allows PC to enter sleep mode 5.

Click

Encryption

tab to enable 64-bit or 128-bit encryption and enter a secret passphrase A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 48

Installing a Wireless NIC (continued) 6.

Configure the NIC to use TCP/IP or NetBEUI  After configuration, you should immediately see resources in My Network Places or Network Neighborhood  Try rebooting  Check MAC address filtering A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 49

Sharing Files, Folders, and Applications  Users must be assigned to the same workgroup or domain to share resources  View all computers in the network  Network Neighborhood in Windows 9x  My Network Places in Windows XP  Drill down to see shared files, folders and printers, copy files, use shared applications, share printers A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 50

My Network Places in Windows 2000 A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 51

Installing Windows 2000/XP Components Needed to Share Resources 1.

2.

3.

Right-click

Local Area Connection

and select

Properties

On the

General

tab, click

Install

, select

Client

, click

Add

, select

Client for Microsoft Networks

Select

Service

, click

Add

, select

File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks

, click

OK

A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 52

Installing Windows 98 Components Needed to Share Resources 1.

Open Network applet in Control Panel and click Add, select Client, click Add 2.

3.

4.

5.

Select Microsoft on the left and Client for Microsoft Networks on the right Install File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks using same method Enable file and printer sharing Verify both are bound to TCP/IP A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 53

Sharing Files and Folders with the Workgroup 1.

2.

3.

  In Windows Explorer, right-click a folder Windows XP: select

Sharing and Security

Windows 2000 or 98: select

Sharing

   Share the folder Windows XP: select

Share this folder…

Windows 2000 or 98: select

Shared As

Enter a name for the shared folder Windows 2000 or 98: click

Depends on Password

A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 54

Using Windows Explorer to Share Files and Folders in Windows XP A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 55

Using Windows Explorer to Share Files and Folders in Windows 98 A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 56

Sharing Files and Folders with the Workgroup (continued) 4.

To allow others to make changes, enter a folder under

Full Access Password

 For read-only access, enter a different password, click

OK

to exit 5.

For added security with Windows 2000/XP, set up a user account and password for each user who will access shared resources A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 57

Network Drive Maps  Make one PC appear to have a new hard drive when space is actually on another host computer  Make files and folders on a host computer available even to network unaware applications A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 58

Mapping a Network Drive in Windows 98 A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 59

Accessing a Mapped Drive A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 60

Troubleshooting a Network Connection  Diagnostic tools useful in troubleshooting TCP/IP problems 

Ping

utility tests network connectivity  Diagnostic tools to test TCP/IP configuration 

Ipconfig /all

(Windows NT/2000/XP) 

Winipcfg

(Windows 9x) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 61

Troubleshooting a Network Connection (continued)  Release and renew dynamic IP address  Ping the loopback address  Ping the default gateway  Ping a remote host  If Ping works with an IP address but not with a domain name, then DNS is the problem A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 62

Summary

 Different types of physical network architectures  Networking with Windows  Configuring a network card and a network protocol using Windows  Sharing resources on a network  Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 63