Transcript GIS-Data Sources - Texas A&M University

Data Visualization
Francisco Olivera, Ph.D., P.E.
Srikanth Koka
Department of Civil Engineering
Texas A&M University
Introduction
ArcMap Concepts
Create a Map Step-by-Step
ArcGIS Applications
ArcGIS Desktop Applications
ArcMap
ArcCatalog
ArcToolBox
ArcMap
ArcToolBox
ArcCatalog
ArcMap
ArcMap is an application for displaying and analyzing GIS data.
The application window consists of:
Map display area
Table of contents (TOC)
Menus, tools and buttons
Menu
Buttons
Tools
TOC
Map Display
Data Frame
Data Frames are ArcMap document objects where the geographic
information of the digital spatial datasets is displayed.
To insert a new data frame in a document, click Insert/Data Frame.
Data frame name
Layer name
Layer Visibility
Legend Visibility
Legend
TOC
Map Display
Data Frame Properties
General: Contains information
such as name, display units.
Data Frame: Used for defining
whether the extent is fixed or not.
Coordinate System: Used for
defining or changing the
coordinate system.
Illumination: Used for defining
Azimuth, Altitude and Contrast.
Labels: Used for specifying the
layer whose feature labels will
appear in the map display.
Data Frame Display
Changing the display:
Zoom to full extent
Zoom to selected
features
Fixed Zoom in (button)
Fixed Zoom out (button)
Go Back to previous
extent
Go to Next extent
Zoom in (tool)
Zoom out (tool)
Pan
Cursor coordinates
Adding Data
A Layer is a digital
spatial dataset that has
been added to a data
frame and that has
specific properties.
Layers can be added to
a data frame either
using the Add Data
button in the map or by
right clicking on the
data frame and then
clicking the Add Data
menu.
Layer properties
General: Defines name
and visibility.
Source: Defines the
extent and data source
Selection: Defines the
symbol and color used
when a feature is
selected.
Symbology: Defines
the legend of a layer
Layer properties
Fields: Defines field
properties of attribute table
Definition Query: Used to
define a query on the
features
Labels: Used to define the
field and symbol to be used
for labeling.
Joins and Relates: Used to
define the data to be
involved in joining and
relating.
Layer Display
The Symbology tab in layer
properties is used to set the
legend of a theme.
Legend can be based on:
Single symbol for all attribute
values
Unique symbol for each
attribute value
Graduated symbol for an
attributes
Charts for a attribute
Multiple attributes
Tables
Tables are arrays of data organized in rows and columns (i.e. fields)
Table can be:
Stand alone arrays of data with no geographic information included.
Components of digital spatial datasets in which each row includes feature
shape and a unique identification number for each feature called ObjectID.
Table Name
Object ID
Feature Shape
Row
Field Name
Field
Table Properties
Table properties can be viewed
using Layer properties/Fields.
Primary properties are:
Primary field name
Type
Length
Precision
Scale
Properties that can be changed
are:
Visible (used to hide or unhide
fields)
Alias (display different name)
Visible and Alias do not modify
the table’s original data, but do
affect how a table is exported
Table Display
Rows in the table can be sorted in ascending or descending
order based on a field.
To sort a table, right click on a field name and then click on
Ascending or Descending menu.
Graphs
Graphs are plots of
table attribute values
dynamically linked to
Data frames and
Tables.
To create, manage and
load graphs, click
Tools/Graphs.
Chart name
One bar
per row
Graph Types
Graphs can be displayed in different
formats: Area, Bar, Column, Line, Pie,
Scatter, etc.
Graph Properties
In the Graph Wizard window, the user selects the Table,
specifies if selected features or all features should be
used, and the fields of the Table to be plotted.
Graph Properties
In the Graph Wizard window, the user specifies the title of the
graph, the X-axis label, whether to label the data with values, and the
legend location.
Layout
Layouts are used to communicate GIS information to non-GIS users.
To create a layout, click View/Layout View.
Layout
Title
Data
Frame
Legend
North
Arrow
Scale Bar
Table
Chart
To insert these objects
in a layout, use the
Insert menu on the
ArcMap document.
Layout Display
A Layout can have Live links to the Data Frames, Tables and
Charts displayed in it.
Live links update the Layout automatically whenever the Data
Frames, Tables or Charts are modified.
Live links should be disabled when the current display of the
Data Frame, Table or Chart is satisfactory.
Macro Editor
Macro editors are text editors for writing macros in the
ArcGIS programming language called Visual Basic for
applications (VBA).
VBA macros allow the user add further capabilities to ArcGIS
that are not available in the original GUI.
VBA code
Macro Editor
To open a VBA editor, click
Tools/Customize/Commands. In
the Categories list, click on
UIControls.
To create a button,
UIButtonControl option,
create
a
tool,
UIToolControl option and
click Create.
select
or to
select
finally
A new button or tool will be
created in the commands list box.
Drag it and place it on one of the
toolbars in document.
To start writing macros, right click
on the button or tool added and
then click View Source.
ArcMap Interface
Default pull-down menus, buttons, tools and extensions
constitute the standard ArcMap interface.
The ArcMap Interface can be customized, which means that
the user can develop his/her own scripts, define pull-down
menus, buttons or tools to launch them and consolidate them in
extensions.
ArcMap Interface
Pull-down menus are controls that launch scripts that perform system
functions (i.e., File/Save) or spatial analysis (i.e., Zoom to themes).
Buttons are controls that launch scripts that perform system
functions (i.e., File/Save) or spatial analysis (i.e., Zoom to full extent).
Most buttons are shortcuts for pull-down menus.
Tools are controls that launch scripts that perform spatial analysis
based on additional on-screen input (i.e., Zoom in).
Extensions are systems of scripts and corresponding controls,
consolidated in a single entity, that can be added-in to ArcView.
ArcMap Documents
ArcMap Documents are stored with extension .mxd.
ArcMap Documents store the data and how it is displayed.
ArcMap Documents contain pointers to the digital spatial data,
table data and extensions used in the project, but do not
contain the data or extensions themselves. However, unless a
macro is part of an extension, it will be stored in the ArcMap
document.
ArcMap Project files cannot be opened in other computers
unless they are “repathed” and the data are transferred with
them.
Re-Pathing
The default type of data
path used by ArcMap
documents is the full path.
To make an ArcMap
document store relative
data paths:
Click File/Map
properties.
In the Map properties
form, click Data Source
Options.
Finally, in the Data
Source Options wizard,
select Store relative
path names.
Introduction
ArcMap Concepts
Create a Map Step-by-Step
Data Frame
Open ArcMap from the Start button.
To change the data path type from full path to relative path,
click File/Map Properties/Data Source Options/Store
Relative Path Names. A data frame by the name of Layers
would have been created in the Table of Contents.
If needed, insert a new data frame in the map document by
clicking Insert/Data frame.
To add Layers to the data frame, click on the Add Data button
and navigate to the folder \\esri\esridata\usa if available,
and select the cities.shp, rivers.shp, roads.shp and states.shp
datasets.
Data Frame
Data Frame
To modify the Data Frame properties, right click on the <Data
Frame Name>/Properties.
Under General, overwrite the name of the Data Frame to
“United States.”
Under General, set the Display Units to kilometers.
In the data frame Properties form, under Frame, change the
Background Color to blue.
Data Frame
Layer
To modify the States layers properties, right-click on the layer name.
Overwrite the name of the layer to “US States” using the Layer
Properties/General tab (note that the data source does not change).
Label the Theme with the state name. It can be done using the Layer
Properties/Label tab. Select the label field as State_Name and then
insert a check in the box asking if the features are to be labeled or
not.
Select the conterminous United States.
In the data frame, Zoom to conterminous United States using
Selection/Zoom to Selected Features.
Layer
Table
Modify the properties of the Cities attribute table.
Open the Cities table by right-clicking on the layer and then
clicking Open Attribute Table.
To modify the Attributes of Cities, right-click on the Layer
and then click on Properties/Fields tab.
Make the fields City_name, State_name, Pop1990 and Married
visible by clicking on each field name and then checking or
unchecking the Visible box.
Write “City,” “State” and “Population” in the Alias box for
fields City_name, State_name and Pop1990, respectively.
Table
Graph
To create a Graph in the document, Click Tools/Graphs/Create.
Click on the Scatter type graph in the Graph Wizard.
Select Cities layer as the one whose attributes will be
graphed.
Select Population on X-axis and Married on Y-axis in the Graph
Wizard.
Graph
Layout
To view the Layout, click on View/Layout view.
Insert:
a title (USA), by clicking Insert/Title. Then type “USA” inside the
title box.
a neat line (border) to the data frame using Insert/Neat Line.
a legend using Insert/Legend.
a North Arrow using Insert/North Arrow.
a Scale Bar using Insert/Scale Bar.
the Table using Options button in the table. Click Options/Add
Table to Layout.
the graph using Tools menu on the document. Click
Tools/Graphs/Manage/Show on Layout.
Layout