Transcript 英语写作教程
1 PRACTICAL WRITING UNIT 1 English Diaries fine , very fine , rainy, cloudy, snowy, windy, pretty warm, very hot ,thundering, dense fog, heavy rain, a little rain, later cloudy, shower 2 Types of English Diaries Sample 1 One of My Sunday June 12, Sunday Fine Today is Sunday. I didn’t get up as early as usual. In the morning after I finished my homework, I did some washing. Then I telephoned one of my classmates and invited him to see a film. But unfortunately, when we got to the cinema at 3:00 p.m. , we found all the tickets had been sold out. Then we went back to school and played football. After this we were about to go home, we saw our English teacher ,Mr. Wang, coming into the school gate. He told us we had made great progress in English this term. He also suggested that we should read more and write more in English. We promised him that we would take his advice. In the evening I watched TV. But not long I felt tired, so I went to bed at half past nine. 3 Sample 2 A Memorable Day January 1st,2000 Saturday Very Fine Today is the first day of 2000. how time. It seemed only a couple of months ago that we celebrated New Year’s Day of 1999. it’s really funny to think how long a year seemed to me when I was a child. I am by no means old yet, and I wonder how short a year will seem to me when I am really old. As short as only one single day perhaps. I’m trying to think what important things have taken place in the past year. For our Party there was the 4th Plenary Session of the 15th central committee; for our country we had the 50th anniversary of the National Day and Macao has returned to its homeland with its native name Aomen. Now, standing on the threshold of the 21st century, reviewing the past we have achieved great success without precedents in history; looking forward to the future, we, especially young people will have brilliant prospects with the socialist country becoming stronger and stronger. 4 Sample 3 October 10, 1986 Friday Fine Young People always show great respect to film stars and think it a pleasure to meet them. So do I. when I heard that several other students and I were invited to help make a film, I was so excited and anxious. Early in the morning, we set off, and were taken to the Tiger Spring. It was a beautiful autumn day. The leaves were turning yellow, beginning to fall off the tree. The park seemed very quiet. It was a golden opportunity for me to see how a film is made. And I could relax myself, escaping from the tense life at school. But I was soon proved wrong. For nearly two hours, I had to make up and wait for my turn. And to our discouragement, we were not allowed to go about. I saw the actors and actresses acting out the same scene again and again. Finally, my time came, I was asked to play the role of a maid. But looking around, I realized that I was going to be under the strong lime light. To tell you the truth, I kept trembling. “ 5 “Once more. Just take it easy.” the director called. But I just couldn’t take it easy. An hour passed and then two. I got tired and a little impatient, but I had to repeat. “Attention, please,” came the director’s voice, softly but firmly, now and then. “Never imagine being a film star is that difficult!” I cried out when we were having lunch. “Young girls,” the director caught what said and came up to us with a smile. He patted me friendly on the shoulder.” ”Remember to do everything well, you must keep on pursuing, and always be confident. “ I’d learned more in two hours than I had in two years. 6 Sample 4 July 7-----Saturday----Cloudy and Hot Thank God everything is over! Had our last exam paper this afternoon. Went straight from school to the canal to have a dip. Wasn’t at all refreshing as I had hoped . Water much too warm and dirty and the place almost as crowded as a swimming pool. A lot of hooligans about too, making a hell lot of noise, splashing water and insulting girls with foul language. How I wished I had the martial skill to beat up every one of them and give them a thorough ducking! It is after all a social problem, though things are getting better since the crackdown on crimes. What made me even more mad was to see Fatty mixing among them. He’ll end up in no good in such company. I must have a talk with him sometime. 7 Why don’t they ever do anything about our school pool? Pity allowing it lying waste for God Knows how many years. Used to hold memorial races every year too. Now suddenly swimming is no longer important. The pool has become a dumping ground. I’m sure a little repair work can revive it. All we need is one or two technicians and we students can do the rest. But no, no one can be bothered! Why do we always do things in fits and starts? spent the evening watching TV. As luck would have it, there wasn’t a single interesting program. There were so many interesting things on when we had our review and exams. To make things worse the set gave us a lot of trouble. The image was not at all clear and is kept jumping. Gave me quite a headache. We really need a new set. 8 UNIT 2 Written Messages and Requests for Leave 2.1 Written Message It is used on the occasion where and when you yourself directly leave for something to be done or for someone to do something. Writing Practice Suppose you are Li Ming. One of your neighbors to further his studies abroad asks you to help him write a letter of enquiry. You have to borrow the book A Handbook of Practical English Writing from your teacher Jiang He. But when you call on him, he is out. Write a note to him telling your purpose. Time: 4:00 p.m., December 10. Message note for borrowing things借物留言 9 4:00 p.m., December 10 Dear Mr. Jiang, May I borrow your A Handbook of Practical English Writing for one day or two? I want to use it as a reference book to write a letter of enquiry for one of my neighbors who is going to further studies abroad but does not know how to write such a letter. If you can spare me it, please bring it to me tomorrow when you come to the classroom. Many thanks. Yours ever, Li Ming 10 2.2 Written Requests for Leave When you write a note asking for leave, you should make clear why you want to ask for leave and how long you will ask for. You should write such a note in a simple way, and you must give sufficient reasons. If you have something to prove your reasons to leave, you should enclose it herewith. Writing Practice Suppose you are Zhao Qiang. You have caught a cold because you swam in the lake yesterday. Write a note asking for leave. Your head teacher is Mr. Chen. 11 September 28 Dear Mr. Chen, I’m sorry to tell you that I can’t go to classes today. I’ve caught a cold because I swam in the lake yesterday. This morning I had a headache. I saw a doctor. After taking my temperature, the doctor told me that I had a high fever. He advised me to stay in bed for two days. Now I’m writing to you to ask for two day’s sick leave including today and tomorrow. Yours respectfully, Zhao Qiang 12 UNIT 3 Signs Signs have the functions of propaganda ,information, suggestion and caution. signs in the service industry Signs signs in public facilities features: succinct ;informative 13 Hotels and Hostels 旅店宾馆 Booking made through most travel agents 可通过各地旅游代理商定票 Centrally located overlooking a park with free parking 市区中心，紧靠公园，免费停车 Equipped and furnished to a high standard 家具配备高档，设施配备精良 Friendly family guest house near city center and railway station 家庭式客房，紧靠市中心和火车站 Full central heating with house provided hot water 24 hours 中央暖气系统，房间24小时提供热水 Indoor swimming pool 室内游泳池 14 Shave pins in all bedrooms 所有卧室备有刮脸刀/脱发器插头 Tea/coffee making facility in all bedrooms 所有卧室有沏茶和煮咖啡的条件。 This offer is available for all stays to October 31, 2003 对截至2003年10月31日的住宿实行优惠 Warm, friendly service in a comfortable home 热情友好的服务，舒适温馨的家 Price according to season and size of flat. 价格按季节和公寓大小而定。 . 15 Restaurant and Pub 餐馆酒吧 Please wait here or take advantage until our hostess escorts to your table. 请稍等或自便，主人会领你入座。 Take away service available 提供外卖 Today's special/Today's specialties 今日特色菜 Try our summer range of food 品尝夏季各种食品 Drinks purchased are for taken away only 饮料仅供外卖 Eat in or take away 店内吃或外卖 16 Purchases and Sales 15% off with this flyer 凭此宣传品优惠15% 50% off on selected lines 部分商品降半价 Accessories & spares delivered to your door 配件送货上门 All the range of … available 各种……有货 As many repairs as you need, free of charge 随时免费维修 Ask at the counter for details 详情问柜台 Ask inside for details 详情里面询问 17 Best choice and best discounts 最佳选择，最大优惠 Big sale 大甩卖 Brighter shopping, brighter prices 明智的购物，透明的价格 Buy any two together and save 10% off both products 一次性买俩，每个优惠10％ Buy two get one free 买二赠一 Children‘s wear 童装 Savings and discounts all around the store 店内所有商品均削价处理 18 Customer services 顾客服务处 Easy to use and great value too 好用实惠，物美价廉 Fill in your selection here and take to a pay point 在此选购商品填单，然后到收款台付款。 Final clear out 清仓大甩卖 For more information，contact our customer service desk 详情请和顾客服务处联系。 Services as usual 照常营业 19 Free delivery to your door 免费送货上门 Furniture sale now on 家具现降价销售 Half price sale 半价甩卖 Hours of opening 营业时间 Massive stock, clear out 大量库存，清仓甩卖 Open for business as usual 照常营业 Opening soon 即将开业 20 We can provide the complete hospitality service 我们提供热情周到的服务。 Out of hours, delivery at … 下班时，送货到…… Peace of mind from the minute you buy 买着放心 Please ask for assistance 需帮助请询问 Please check your change before leaving the checkout area 请当面点清。 Please retain this receipt as proof of your purchase and your guarantee 请保存好收据，作为交款凭证，并享受保修。 Please leave bags at the counter 请把包放到柜台 21 Price crash 削价 Sale 50% off original price 按原价的50%销售 Sale at breakdown price 跳楼价甩卖 Sale continues in store 商品继续销价 Save up to 50% off 50％ 大降价 Save up to 40% 6折优惠 Save your money 贱卖 22 Special offer 特价 50% discount on selected items 部分商品五折 Summer price cuts. 夏季大削价 Thank you for your custom 感谢您惠顾光临 Try before you buy 先试后买 We will not be beaten on price 我们的价格最低。 23 Theatre and Cinema All prices quoted include any service charges applicable 票价包括一定的服务费。 All sessions last for approximately 1 hour. 演出大约1小时 Booking Office 售票处 Booking by post, phone, fax or e-mail or in person 可通过邮寄，打电话，发传真或发电子邮件或亲自定票 24 Booking can be made through … on … 可打电话 ……通过……定票 Concessions 优惠 No booking fee 不收定票费 Performance times 演出时间 Previews 预演 Regular price 普通票价 Special reductions are available to groups 12+ at all performances. 所有演出对12人以上的团体给予特别优惠。 25 The performance runs 2 hours 30 minutes including an interval 整个演出2小时30分，包括中间休息 The price shown on the ticket includes ticket price and service charges 票上的价格包括票价和服务费。 This ticket will not be exchanged nor the purchase price refunded 票不可交换，也不能按购买价退票。 Tickets are subject to availability. 票在销售，售完为止 Tickets available from all accredited ticket agents 可在所有的指定的代理商买到票 26 Public Places Central heating throughout. 中央暖气全部开放 Do not enter, alarm operating 装有警报，禁止入内。 Do not put (place) bicycles against the railings 请不要把自行车靠到栏杆上。 Do not use this lift as a means of escape in the event of fire 遇火警时，严禁使用此电梯 Fire construction points to note 注意消防设施 Fire door, keep shut 消防门房，保持关闭 Fire escape to be clear of obstruction. 安全出口，保持通畅 27 Fire escape, asked to be cleared off obstruction. 安全出口，请保持通畅 Fire escape, keep clear 安全出口，保持通畅 Fire exit only 仅作火警安全出口 Footpath closed. 步行路关闭 For public use 公用 Free of charge 免费 Fully air conditioned 空调全面开放 28 Gates in use night & day 此门昼夜使用 Gents 男厕 Lavatories 厕所 Leave by entrance door 请不要堵住门口 Man's lavatory 男厕所 Men 男厕 No admittance 禁止入内 No bathing, fishing allowed in this pond 此池塘禁止游泳，垂钓 No bicycles, police will remove 禁止停放自行车，否则警察拖走。 No charge 不收费 29 No entry for general public 公众不得入内 No unauthorized access prohibited 未经许可，禁止入内。 No unauthorized entry 未经许可，不得入内 No way out 无出口 Non-smokers only 仅供非吸烟者 Obstruction of the door can be dangerous. 门口堵塞，危险 Open all year daily 全年每天开放 Open all year round/ Open all year 全年开放 Open daily 每天开放 30 Open to the public on selected days only 仅限规定的日期，对公众开放。 Opening hours: 开放/开门/营业时间: Particulars of membership 会员优先 Pick pockets operate in this area 本区域内注意小偷 Please do not chain bicycles to these railings 请不要把自行车锁到栏杆上。 Please do not lean on these barriers 请不要靠防护栏。 Police notice: bicycles will be removed 警察特别提示：自行车将被清走。 31 Please do not leave rubbish here 请不要在此倒垃圾。 Please do not obstruct entrance 请不要堵住入口。 Please feel free to smoke in the lounge. 休息室允许吸烟 Please keep clear of the door 请保持门口畅通。 Please telephone for opening times and admission charges 打电话询问开放时间和门票价格。 Please use other doors 请走其它门 Please use yours with consideration for others. 请在你使用时，也为别人着想。 32 Private function only 只供私人使用 Public toilet 公厕 Unauthorized posters and advertisements will be persecuted 未经允许，禁止张贴广告，否则追究责任。 Under repair, do not operate 正在修理，不能使用。 Unisex toilet 男女公厕 Use of emergency alarm 用于报警 Useful numbers: 常用电话号码 Waiting room and ladies 女厕 Way out 出口 33 Tube and Train After 21:00 hours access to London underground station. 21:00以后，开往伦敦地铁站。 Certain stations are closed on public holidays. 假日某些车站关闭 From … to … route … 从……到……途经…… Luggage must not be put in the gateway 行李不准放到过道上。 Mind the gap 小心台阶间跨度 Not valid on certain trains. 车票对某些列车无效 34 Please keep gateways clear 请保持过道畅通。 Single or return tickets only 单程或往返程票 Stand clear of the door 请不要站在门口。 The last train this evening will be the service to … 今晚最后一列火车是到…… Ticket valid until 30 June 2003. 车票有效期到2003年6月30日。 Train departure 出站列车 Tube to … 地铁开往 35 Road and Traffic Avoid the jams. 避免交通堵塞。 Diverted traffic 交叉路口 Entry to motorway 高速入口 Left junction 左交叉口 Look left (right) 向左（右）看。 36 New hours of parking control 停车控制新时段 No entry 禁止驶人 No stopping at any time 任何时间不准停车 No trade or business vehicle unless authorized 未经允许货车禁止通行。 Pedestrian crossing ahead 注意前方人行横道。 37 Please drive carefully 请小心驾驶。 Slow， school 前方学校请慢行。 Speed limit of 48kmh 限速每小时48公里 The law requires you wear a seatbelt 法规要求系安全带。 This vehicle stops frequently 随时停车 38 Construction Site Danger of death. Keep out. 生命危险，严禁入内。 Danger，building site, keep out 工地危险，禁止入内。 Danger，evacuation 危险,请走开 Dangerous structure, this bridge is unsafe 危险结构，该桥不安全。 Hot work in progress 正在施工 39 Safety footwear. 穿安全靴 Safety helmets must be worn on this site 此工地必须戴安全帽。 Site entrance, dangerous 工地入口，危险 Slow, site entrance 工地入口请慢行 This button has been moved for remedial work 该按钮已卸下拿去修理。 This is just for construction personnel 仅供施工人员使用。 40 4 IOUs and Receipts ? 4.1What is an IOU An IOU, which can be in written or verbal form, is an informal acknowledgement of a small debt, usually between friends, co-workers or family members. debtor IOU debtee I owe you… 41 4.2 What is a receipt? A receipt is a written acknowledgement that a specified article or sum of money has been received as an exchange. Printed receipt Gift receipt Electronic receipt Hand-written receipt 42 Hand-written or hand-completed receipts are more often used for infrequent or irregular transactions. For example, as provided by a landlord to a tenant for receipt of rent money. 43 5 Notices and Posters Features :simple sentence; elliptical sentence; abbreviation 5.1 Notices A notice is a practical writing which is largely used in collective units when a higher level assigns work or passes on something to a lower level, or an organization does so to its members to discuss things. Oral announcement Written notice 44 Writing practice Suppose you’re Chairman of your department student union. After the second class, you want to make an announcement on broadcast, informing the students of three things: (1) Tomorrow afternoon you’ll listen to a report on environment protection given by an expert in the hall at 4 o’clock. (2) For this week’s political study we’ll learn the law of environmental protection. (3) The day after tomorrow there’ll be a football match between your class and (07)36. 45 An Announcement Boys and girls, May I have your attention please! I’ve a few things to tell you. Tomorrow afternoon there will be a report on environmental protection given by an expert in the hall at 4 o’clock. For this week’s political study we’ll learn the law of environmental protection. One more thing: the day after tomorrow there’ll be a football match between our class and Class (07)36. let’s go and cheer for them. That’s all. Thank you. 46 Writing practice Suppose you’re Chairman of Student’s Union in your college. In order to improve your English studies you’ve decided to hold an English evening. Now write a notice to inform all the students and teachers of your college about the things concerning the evening. 47 Nov.16, 2007 Notice To improve our English studies an English evening is going to be held in our college meeting-hall from 7:00 to 10:00 p.m. next Friday. You will enjoy English stories, songs, poems and short plays at the evening. All the teachers and students are welcome to attend the English evening. We hope all of you will like the performance. Student’s Union 48 5.2 Posters They are placards used to inform people of sports and stage activities. Posters are diversified. They cover sports matches, film news, recreational activities, sightseeing, learned reports, and lectures etc. 49 Writing practice Write a poster of basketball match between Shenyang Team and Shanghai Team on behalf of the Physical Culture and Sports Commission of your university. Time:Nov.11,2007 at 3:00 p.m.; place: The University Stadium 50 Basketball Match Shenyang Team vs. Shanghai Team Time:3:00 p.m. , Nov.11, 2007 Place: The University Stadium Admission free. Fans should be quick. The Physical Culture and Sports Commission 51 6 Advertisement 5.1What is an advertisement? An advertisement is a public announcement or printed notice, recommending some product or service, or informing of some public welfare. So there are two broad categories: profit ~and public-welfare ~. 5.2 Categories of advertisements newspaper advertisement magazine advertisement Media television advertisement radio advertisement direct mail advertisement outdoor advertisement 52 consumer advertisement alcoholic ~,cigarette ~, drink ~, food ~, wear ~, beauty ~, automobile ~ , home electric appliance ~, daily commodity ~ Target audience business advertisement industrial ~ , trade ~ , professional ~ , agricultural ~ service advertisement aviation ~, hotel and restaurant ~ , bank and insurance ~ , tourism ~, entertainment ~, renting ~, consulting ~ 53 5.3 Features of advertising English 5.3.1 Lexical Features in advertising English (1).Simple and Informal For example: “I couldn’t believe it, until I tried it!” “I’m impressed! I’m really impressed!” “You’ve gotta try it!” “I love it!” 54 (2) Misspelling and Coinage “We know eggactly how to sell eggs” (exactly) “ The Orangemostest Drink in the World” (orange+most+est) (3). Loanwords “…Perrier…with added je ne sais quoi. “ The loanwords in some advertisement are good methods to express the exoticism of the products. “ exoticism” 55 (4)Abbreviation (5)Use of certain verbs The choice of verbs is very careful in advertisement. The most frequently used 20 verbs and phrasal verbs are: try, ask, get, take, let, send for, use, call, make, come on, hurry, see, give, come, remember, discover, serve, introduce, choose, and look for. 56 5.3.2 Syntactic Features in advertising English (1). More simple and elliptical sentences, less complex sentences “Try all four Del Monte. You’ll get the 100% pure taste of fruit in its own juice, with no sugar added. And no preservatives or artificial flavors, just a natural abundance of taste.” 57 (2) More interrogative sentences and imperative sentences According to statistics, in every 30 sentences there is one interrogative sentence. Because interrogative sentences are quick and effective to arouse readers’ response. “What kind of man reads Playboy?” “Your Kid Just Spent 9 Months Totally Naked. Isn’t it About Time You Got Him Something to Wear?” (3)Rhetorical Features in advertising English Advertisers often use various rhetorical devices to increase the readability and appeal of an advertisement and to arouse consumers’ interest of buying the product. 58 7 Public Announcement 7.1 What is a public announcement? A public announcement is a printed or hand-written placard put up in a public place. Whoever, a person or organization, has something to let the public know can write it and put it up on walls, billboards, or something else. If necessary, it can also be published in a newspaper. 7.2 Basic features 59 Sample study 1 Lost & Found This kind of public announcement is so brief in language that it is enough to state clearly the lost and the found thing, such as its characteristics, its size and quantity, its color and so on. 2 Missing This kind of public announcement should describe the missing person’s sex, age and his or her characteristics of appearance. The writer’s telephone number and address must be contained. 60 8 Greetings Cards and Name Cards 8.1 Greetings cards The most cherished gifts are the ones you make yourself, and the same is true for greeting cards. Writing your own sentiments turns a simple greeting card into a treasured keepsake, and you don’t have to be a professional to do it. Before you begin writing, think about who you’re writing to, and the reason for your card. Then, try some of these tips for inspiration. Writing for romance Include a favorite photo of you and the one you love, and write a caption describing how you felt at the time. Focus on specific details, and use descriptive words to bring your memory to life. Or, quote lyrics from a song, a line from a film, or a verse from a poem that reminds you of your sweetheart. 61 Family time If you’re writing to a parent or grandparent, write about what you’ve learned from them, or the qualities you feel you inherited from them. If you’re writing to a younger relative, remind them of something that makes them special, or describe an experience from their childhood that they might not remember. Fun with friends Get nostalgic by thinking of things that only you and your friend share—inside jokes or stories of past adventures. Include a funny photo from the past, and write a brief story in the style of a fairy tale. Begin with “Once upon a time,” and write about yourselves in third person. If you’re feeling sentimental, thank your friend for every time he or she helped you through a difficult time, and be as specific as possible. 62 Cards for kids Try turning a nursery rhyme into a whimsical, personalized poem. Follow the general rhyme structure and rhythm, but change the words to include the child’s name and other details. If you’re writing a birthday card, use the child’s age to make a list (for example, Five Fun Facts About Jenny). Use kid-friendly words they can read for themselves, and try different colors and fonts to add interest. Say it with sympathy When writing to someone who has experienced a loss or hardship, put yourself in their situation, and think about what you’d want to hear. If the person has lost a loved one, write about the things you admired about that person, or share a fond memory. Keep your sentiments short and sweet, and remember the old cliché, “It’s the thought that counts.” 63 Homemade for the holidays For a lighthearted greeting, make a list of all the words you can think of that are associated with the holiday, and experiment with a little creative wordplay like, “Have a Spook-tacular Halloween.” For holidays with special meaning, reflect on the reason behind the holiday. For example, list the things you’re grateful for in a Thanksgiving greeting card. For religious holidays, quote a spiritual verse that you find inspiring. Write what you know No matter what kind of card you’re writing, remember that sincerity counts. You don’t have to be a wonderful wordsmith or a poetic prodigy to write a greeting card that someone will cherish. Take the time to think carefully about exactly how you feel, and the right words will come to you. 64 8.2 Name Cards Business cards are cards bearing business information about a company or individual. They are shared during formal introductions as a convenience and a memory aid. A business card typically includes the giver's name, company affiliation (usually with a logo) and contact information such as street addresses, telephone number(s), e-mail addresses and website. Traditionally many cards were simple black text on white stock; today a professional business card will sometimes include one or more aspects of striking visual design. Business cards are frequently used during sales calls (visits) to provide potential customers with a means to contact the business or representative of the business. 65 9 Emails and Faxes 9.1 Emails 1Give the message a subject/title. Keep the subject short and clear but avoid such headings as: ‘Good News’, ‘Hello’, ‘Message from Mary’. These headings are common in messages containing viruses. e.g. Order No. 2348X Delayed Shipment Laboratory Equipment Order 66 2 Start the message with a greeting so as to help create a friendly but business-like tone. e.g. Dear Mr Smithson, Dear Ms Stringer. It is also becoming quite common to write the greeting without a comma, e.g. Dear Miss Lawson e.g. Dear KK 67 3 Start with a clear indication of what the message is about in the first paragraph. 4 Any action that you want the reader to do should be clearly described, using politeness phrases. Subordinates should use expressions such as 'Could you...' or ' I would be grateful if...'. Superior staff should also use polite phrases, for example, 'Please...'. 68 5 As attachments can transmit viruses, try not to use them, unless you are sending complicated documents. If you use an attachment, make sure the file name describes the content, and is not too general; e.g. 'message.doc' is bad, but 'QA Report 2006.doc' is good. 6 End the message in a polite way. Common endings are: Yours sincerely, Best regards, Best wishes, Regards, e.g. Best wishes e.g. Regards 7 Include your name at the end of the message. The problem is that often the email address of the sender does not indicate exactly who it is from, e.g. [email protected] 69 Supplementary Knowledge: 英语中的女权运动 “女权运动”----“Feminism”属于西方意识形态范畴。 Feminism: the theory of the political, economical, and social equality of the sexes; organized activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests; specifically, the 19th and 20th century movement seeking to remove restrictions that discriminate against women. 女权运动开始于十九世纪，从开始就逐渐地被引入英语中。 70 例1：She is the most beautiful creature I have ever beheld! 《傲慢与偏见》 译文1我从来没见过这么美丽的一个尤物！（王科一） 译文2她的确是我所见过的绝色美人儿！（张玲、张扬） 例2：Elizabeth Bennet had been obliged, by the scarcity of gentleman, to sit down for two dances; and during the part of that time, Mr. Darcy had been standing near enough for her to overhear a conversation between him and Mr. Bingley, who came from the dance for a few minutes, to press his friend to joint it.《傲慢与偏见》 译文1两个人的谈话给她偷听到了，……（王科一） 译文2她无意中听到了他同宾利先生的一段谈话，……（张玲、张扬） 原文中作者对于Elizabeth 听到Mr. Darcy 和Mr. Bingley的对话是中性描写。 她不是故意要听到而是他们离得太近了。但是看不同的译文理解就会有所不同。 71 9.2 Faxes 发送： 约翰逊公司 日期： 1993年5月23日 收件人： 埃里克·李 Eric Lee 发件人： 西蒙·戴维斯, 赫伯特进出口公司 Simon Davis, Herbert Import & Export Company 页数：1 先生： 我方为一家美国公司，我方股票(share)将于下月发行(issue)。贵方如有 兴趣与我方合作，或购买我方股票，敬请与我们联系。恭盼回复。 72 Date: May 23,1993 To: Mr. Eric Lee, Johnson Company From: Simon Davis, Herbert Import & Export Company Subject: Cooperation or buying our shares No. of Pages:1 Dear Mr. Eric Lee, We are an American company. Our shares are to be issued next month . Should you be interested in cooperation or in buying our shares? Please do not hesitate to contact us. We look forward to hearing from you . Yours Sincerely, Simon Davis 73 Unit 10 Memos and Telephone Messages 10.1What is a memo? A memo is used for communicating inside an organization. It is usually short. Formal memos Informal memos 74 10.2 Telephone messages Writing practice: Ben is an assistant at Sam’s Auto Repair. A customer, Mary Adams, called Sam at 3:15, but Sam wasn’t in. Then Mary asked Ben to tell Sam that she could get her car at 4 P.M., but she asked Sam to call her back and tell her the repair cost. Her number is 3968067. TELEPHONE MESSAGE A.M. ( ) Date Time P.M. ( ) FOR__________ FROM ________ OF_________ PHONE AREA CODE________ PHONE NUMBER_________ 口Please Call 口Came to See You 口Will Telephone Later 口Will Come Again 口Returned Your Call 口Wants To See You Remarks: Signed: 75 TELEPHONE MESSAGE A.M. ( ) P.M. (√) Date May 15,2008 Time3:15 FOR Sam FROM Mary Adams OF_____________ PHONE AREA CODE_______PHONE NUMBER 396-8067 口√ Please Call 口Came to See You 口Will Telephone Later 口Will Come Again 口Returned Your Call 口Wants To See You Remarks: Call back to tell her the repair cost. She can get her car at 4 P.M.. Signed: Ben 76 You are Rose, working at an office of a school. It is 11 a.m. A call comes in for Kathy. She is teaching a class, It is Mrs. Ross who wants to sign up for summer classes. She wants Kathy to call her before 3p.m. today at 426-1103. 77 KEY : Mrs. Kathy, Mrs. Rose wants to sign up for summer classes. Call her at 426-1103 before 3 p.m.. Rose 11:00a.m. 78 Unit 11 Formats of Letters and Envelopes The structure of an English letter heading信头 inside address信内地址 Salutation称呼 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 。。。。。。。 body of the letter正文。。。。。。 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 complimentary close结束语 signature签名 Enclosure附件 Postscript附言 79 Supplementary Knowledge: How to translate 英国? Is there any difference between England and UK? 80 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Three political divisions: Britain British England English Scotland Scot Wales Welsh 81 11.1 Letters Making and Responding to a Request Letters of requests are written when you want to find out something or to ask somebody to help. A cordial and tactful request letter may get you what you want. Request letters can be a very effective way of accomplishing what you need. Basic features: Be polite. Be brief. Be persuasive. Be straightforward. 82 Reminders: Make only reasonable requests. Strive to make the person feel complimented that you would ask the favor of him or her. Express your gratitude to the kindness and the favor. Invite the person to contact you if he or she has any questions , and thank him or her for taking the time to consider your request. 83 Writing Practice Requesting for doing a swap of duties. Next Tuesday your parents will come to see you, but you’re on duty that day. Write a letter, requesting that your classmate Wang Gang who will be on duty tomorrow do the duty that day instead of you, and you will work the duty tomorrow. Suppose you are Zhang Hua. 84 Key to Writing Practice: September 21,2007 Dear Wang Gang, I understand that you are on duty tomorrow in the classroom. I wonder if it would be possible for you to do my duty next Tuesday if I work your duty tomorrow. My parents will come to see me next Tuesday and I will accompany them around the city. I would be most be grateful if a swap could be arranged. Sincerely, Zhang Hua 85 11.2 Letters Expressing Congratulation and Their Acknowledgement Don't let special occasions go unnoticed. Send a letter of congratulations that they will remember! Reminders: 1 Write the congratulation letter as soon as possible after the fortunate event takes place. 2 State in the beginning the specific occasion that has motivated you to write a congratulation letter. 86 3 Express praise and approval of accomplishment . 4 Keep your congratulation letter simple and concise--under one page in length. 5 Keep your letter positive and don't include any unhappy news. 87 Writing Practice Chen Ling, a good friend of yours, has just graduated from Qinghua University, and received her Bachelor of Science. Writea congratulation letter to her. Suppose you are Li Jun. 88 July 20,2007 Dear Chen Ling, I’ve learned that you have just graduated, and received your Bachelor of Science from Qinghua University. I know this has meant years of study and hard work on your part, and it’s an achievement you can be proud of. I hope that your graduation will not end your studies, but will be the beginning of a new and bright future. I believe that the knowledge you’ve required will enable you to be successful in whatever life you may enter. Sincerely yours, Li Jun 89 11.3 Invitations and Their Acknowledgement Invitation cards Invitation letters The tone of an invitation is always positive, in anticipation of a pleasurable occasion. Picture your guests smiling when they read your invitations. 90 Be sure include: 1 The name of the host/hostess 2 Exactly who is invited (can someone bring a guest, spouse, child?) 3 What type of social event is being held? 4 The date, address, and time of the event 5 The phone number and deadline to reply; precede these facts with “RSVP” (French abbreviation for “please reply”). Try to send your invitations two weeks or more in advance. 91 Exercise 1 I. Complete the following letter by translating the Chinese into English August 25, 2005 Dear Prof. Smith, ____________________________(很高兴能邀请您参加 我们的年会). This year it will be taking place at Columbia University, from 20 to 24 August. __________(随信寄去会议的详尽日程), accommodation arrangements and an activity program. Last year you gave a very interesting talk on the subject of “Academic Standards and Expectations”. ________(不胜感激) if you would give us update on this subject. _______________ (跟我们确认你能否参加)at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, Martin Black Conference Organizer 92 August 25, 2005 Dear Prof. Smith, We have pleasure in inviting you to our annual conference (很高兴邀请您参加我们的年会). This year it will be taking place at Columbia University, from 20 to 24 August. We enclose details of the conference, (随信寄去会议的详尽日程), accommodation arrangements and an activity program. Last year you gave a very interesting talk on the subject of “Academic Standards and Expectations”. We would be very grateful (不胜感激) if you would give us update on this subject. Please confirm your participation (跟我们确认你能否参加) at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, Martin Black Conference Organizer 93 Exercise II How to Make an Invitation An invitation consists of requesting someone’s presence, stating the specific event, and setting the time and place. Spoken invitations are fine for most occasions, but for certain special events, such as weddings and anniversaries, formal written invitations are traditionally sent. They should be answered in writing and returned to the RSVP address. It is fairly common to send printed invitations for large semi-formal cocktail parties. They may say “regrets only” and give a telephone number at the bottom, which means you call only if you cannot attend. Invitations are usually made privately, in person or by phone. That is, only the person being invited hear the invitation. People usually do not feel comfortable inviting you to a party if you are with someone who is not going to be invited. 94 11.4 Thank-you letters Writing tips 1. Write clearly and concisely; 2. Be sincere; 3. Stick to the point; 4. Write the thank-you letter as soon as possible. 5 States in the first sentence why you are expressing thanks. 6 Thank you letters should remain friendly in tone and politeness is welcomed. 95 1. Fill in the blanks with words chosen from the list below. Add capitalization when necessary: impressed, appreciate, from, also, for, hearing ,especially, offer, Dear Principal Hill: Thank you ___1___ the time you took showing me around Westwood High School. I enjoyed my tour and ___2___ your trouble and attention. During my visit, I was impressed ___3___ with Westwood's computer lab. It's obvious that you place great emphasis on the importance of technology in the lives of your graduates. I ___4___ like the wide variety of math classes that you___5___, everything ___6___ Math Fundamentals to Calculus . You ___7___ upon me the vital importance of giving future scientists and engineers a strong preparation. Westwood High Scholl is just the type of student-centered program that I am eager to work for! I look forward to ___8___ from you soon. I'm available after 4 p.m. at (409) 696-7328 or anytime at [email protected]. Sincerely, Debra Turner 96 2 Writing practice You ,Wang Ling, have just received a bag as Christmas gift from your Aunt Mary, who is in the USA. Now write a thank-you letter to inform her of your thanks. 97 December 10,2007 Dear Aunt Mary, what a beautiful Christmas gift! A bag is something I’ve wanted for a long time, but could never get one for myself. Thank you so much, Aunt Mary. I’ll have the bag for years and years, and I’ll think of you with gratitude and affection every time I use it. If I have a chance to the USA. I’ll bring something precious made in China to you. Lovingly yours, Wang Ling 98 11.5 Apology Letters An apology letter is important: Writing an apology letter shortly after causing innocence and trouble can usually help repair a friendly relationship. Just writing an apology letter shows the injured party that you realize you were wrong and that you value the relationship. You can use your apology letter to assure the injured party that you truly value their friendship and do not want to lose it. 99 Writing tips for writing an apology letter: 1 Write this apology letter carefully on a piece of stationery; don't type it on a computer. 2 Express your apology in the beginning of your letter “I am so sorry. . . .” or “I want to apologize. . . .” 3 State exactly what you did wrong early in the apology letter “I shouldn't have lost my temper when. . . . ” or “I have looked all over, but I'm afraid I have lost your book. . . .” 4 Accept responsibility for what you did and don't blame the other person: “I accept full responsibility for what happened. . . .” or “I know this was completely my fault. . . .” 100 1 Fill in the blanks with words chosen from the list below. Add capitalization when necessary: sorry, relief, damage, please, prefer Dear Mrs. Dennis, I was terribly ______ to hear that Bob had broken a window in your apartment. He said he was playing football with boys in the street. It gave me some ______ that he told me himself when I came home. Naturally I want to have it repaired or pay you for the _______. I tried to call you but you were not in when I called. So I left this letter in your mailbox. Will you ______ tell me which you ________? Sincerely, Bruce Miles 101 relief, please, prefer, sorry, damage, Dear Mrs. Dennis, I was terribly sorry to hear that Bob had broken a window in your apartment. He said he was playing football with boys in the street. It gave me some relief that he told me himself when I came home. Naturally I want to have it repaired or pay you for the damage. I tried to call you but you were not in when I called. So I left this letter in your mailbox. Will you please tell me which you prefer ? Sincerely, Bruce Miles 102 2 Writing practice Two weeks ago you, Liu Fang, borrowed the novel Wuthering Heights from your foreign friend teacher Bill Brown and promised him to return it in two weeks. But now you’ve not finished reading it and cannot give it back to him in time. Write an apology letter. 103 June 6,2008 Dear Bill Brown, Excuse me for my delaying in returning to you your book Wuthering Heights which I’m reading with great enjoyment. But I’m sorry to say that I’ve not finished reading it through, and have to keep it until next Sunday, I’m afraid. I hope you will overlook my negligence in not returning it to you in time Thank you again for the loan. Yours truly, Liu Fang 104 11.6 Application Letters A letter of applying for a position is a letter which a person writes when one has graduated from a school or when one is out of work and wants to get a job. Reminders: 1 State where the information comes from. 2 Let an employer know of your qualifications. 3 Do not speak ill of the leaders or employers of the unit where you are now working or once worked 105 Writing practice: 李新，23岁，即将学完四年的课程，从太原师范学院英语系毕业， 成绩优异，喜欢教学，擅长电脑操作，在报纸上看到太原五中招聘 英语教师的信息，写一封求职信，随函附上成绩单副本一份 106 June 15,2007 Dear Sir, I have read your advertisement in today’s newspaper that you are looking for a few qualified teachers of English. I am 23 years old and will soon graduate from the English Department of Taiyuan Teachers’ College. I have completed four years’ courses with excellent achievements. I am able to speak English fluently and fond of teaching career. Besides, I am good at computer operation. Enclosed you will find a copy of transcript of records of all subjects and a resume. I shall be very grateful if you give me a chance to work in your school. Yours truly, Lin Xin 107