Transcript The arab population in Israel

THE ARAB POPULATION IN
ISRAEL
CAI Ari and Tamar June 2013
Different Truths
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Alan Dershowitz and Noam Chomsky debate IsraeliPalestinian conflict
The most important slide of this talk!
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This is not an academic research!
We do not claim to know all the answers.
Many of the following data is controversial and
there is no right or wrong answer.
This is a very complicated matter.
Even the specialist whom have dealt with this matter
most their lives do not agree on all the data.
Please take this into consideration.
The clip.
First and second Aliya to Israel
- until 1948
The Arabs were here first?
 Ethos on both sides
 Jews- we were here a long time ago
 Arabs- de-facto- we are here now.
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Lul clip- the beginning
What’s in a name?
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Palestinian Arabs - all the Arabs living in non-independent
territory of Palestine.
Palestina is a name given to Judea (which was referring to
Judea and Samaria territory) by Adrianus the emperor of
Rome.
It was later adopted by the Ottomans and was broadened
to the entire land they conquered. Later it was translated to
Arabic- Palestine.
When the British started the mandate their decision was to
call this territory “Palestine (Israel land)” the brackets are
usually dropped for practical reasons.
We say this so that we know we are all on the same page
when speaking about Palestinians.
The uprising of Nazi Germany and the
Holocaust 1933-1945
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Many fled before - some to Israel.
Many Jewish refugees after the war.
Unstable and traumatized - afraid to go back to
their country or choose to go back and discover
they don’t have a home.
The Partition Plan- 1945
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UN decides
on an issue
brought to
them by the
British
Mandate.
The problem
Territory
Arab and
other
population
% Arab and Jewish
other
population
% Jewish
Total
population
Arab State
725,000
99%
10,000
1%
735,000
Jewish State
407,000
45%
498,000
55%
905,000
International
105,000
51%
100,000
49%
205,000
Total
1,237,000
67%
608,000
33%
1,845,000
The reaction the Partition Plan
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The Plan was accepted by the leaders of the Jewish
community in Palestine, through the Jewish Agency.
The Plan was rejected by leaders of the Arab
community, including the Arab Higher Committee, which
was supported by the states of the Arab League.
The Arabs argued that it violated the rights of the
majority of the people in Palestine, which at the time
was 65% non-Jewish (1,200,000), and 35% Jewish
(650,000), many of which were European in origin.
Thus began the first part of a long Independence war.
The end of the British Mandate 1948
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The British decided not to cooperate with the U.N.
committee dealing with Palestine. This committee's main
goal was to ensure that the transfer of Palestine to the
Jews and Arabs would go smoothly.
Even after the UN’s decision the British kept their strict
policy against Jewish Aliya.
Both sides – Jewish and Arab, blamed the British for
helping the other side. This caused disorder and
resulted in the British having to protect themselves from
both sides.
The British decided to end the mandate at midnight
between 14th and 15th of May 1948.
The end of the British Mandate 1948
The declaration of the Jewish state
1948
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That same day David Ben-Gurion declared the
Jewish state in the land of Israel.
Now began the second part of the independence
war.
The declaration of the Jewish state
1948
The independence war/ 1948 war/
the liberation war/ the Nakeba
How long: November 29th 1947- July 20th 1949
 With who: first part- civil war between Arab Palestinians and Jews. Second partEgypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan.
 Casualties Israel: 6,000
 Casualties Palestine Arabs: 3,000
 Casualties Arabs from other countries:
Egypt- 2,000 Syria- 1,000 Jordan- 1,000 Iraq- 500 Lebanon- 500
 As a result of the war, the State of Israel kept nearly all the area that had been
recommended by the UN General Assembly and took control of almost 60% of
the area allocated to the proposed Arab state.
 Transjordan took control of the remainder of the West Bank and East-Jerusalem,
and the Egyptian military took control of the Gaza Strip.
 No Arab Palestinian state was created.
 Important demographic changes occurred in the country. Between 600,000 and
760,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from the area that became
Israel and they became Palestinian refugees.
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The independence war/ 1948 war/
the liberation war/ the Nakeba
What is an Arab
A person that his native language is Arabic.
The Arabs in Israel
1948
Bedouin
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Their name was given to them by non- Bedouin Arabs from the word ‘Badou’
which means desert.
70,000 mainly lived in the Negev. Most of them fled or drifted to Gaza after
the independence war started – some say from fear of the Jews and some say
from fear of being drafted to the Arab armies.
They are a drifter people who don’t see themselves attached to the land or the
government at any time.
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They don’t give loyalty to the rulers- no matter who they are.
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They are Muslims.
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Today there are 200,00 Bedouins living in the Negev mainly in the 7 Bedouin
cities.
Relationship towards Israel- some join the army but some don’t. today we see
more and more bedouins who see themselves as Palestinians and not as Israelis.
They have an Israeli ID and have equal rights (for example to vote).
Bedouin
Druze
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14,000 in the north of the land of Israel.
The Druze are a monotheistic ethno religious community, found primarily in
Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan, which emerged during the 11th century from
the Ismailis school of Shia Islam. Druze beliefs incorporate several elements
from Abrahamic religions.
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Their religion is closed (you can only be born a Druze) and secret.
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In the war of 1948 they took a neutral stand.
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One of the main values of the Druze is to be loyal to the current government which
they are under- for this reason most of them see themselves as Israelis although they
are Arab just the same as the other Muslim and Christian Arabs living in Israel- many
of whom see themselves as Palestinians.
In 1957 they were recognized as a separate faith is Israel (they haven't been
recognized as such in no other place). From that year all Druze are drafted to the
Israeli army
Today the Druze in Israel are 122,000 people. They all have an Israeli ID.
Druze
The other Arabs or Palestinian-Israeli
Arabs 1948-1967
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The estimated number of Arabs in 1948 is 1,300,000.
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Christians and Muslims.
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400,000 were in territories that were seized by Jordan.
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150,000 were in Gaza strip seized by Egypt.
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150,000 were in the land of Israel
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The estimated number of Arabs who found shelter in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon
are between 600,000 to 750,000- refugees?
The Palestinians that were in the west bank or in Jordan received Jordanian
citizenship.
All other Palestinians did not receive citizenship from any the countries they fled to.
Israel received a small number of Palestinian who fled and came back and gave
them to citizenship, but refused to let all the Palestinians to come back.
The other Arabs or Palestinian-Israeli
Arabs 1948-1967
War with Egypt 1956/ Kadesh
operation/ Sinai operation
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Israel is driven into war by France and Britain after
Nasser the prime minister of Egypt took over the
Suez canal.
The result for Israel: Annexation of Sinai and Gaza
Israel gives the territories back very shortly after.
War with Egypt 1956/ Kadesh
operation/ Saini operation
The 1967 war/ 6 day war
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How long: 6 days in June 1967
With who :Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq
Supported by: Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Morocco,
Algeria, Libya, Kuwait, Tunisia, Sudan, PLO.
Result: Israel captures the Gaza Strip and the Sinai
Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank (including East
Jerusalem) from Jordan, and the Golan
Heights from Syria.
Peace with Egypt- 1979
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After Camp David decisions.
Israel leaves Sinai destroying all Israeli settlements
beyond the Rafiach line (the historical border in the days
of British mandate).
Leaving Gaza is not part of the agreement.
The First Intifada
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A violent Palestinian uprising against Israel.
It lasted from December 1987 until1993, with the
signing of the Oslo Accords.
The uprising began on December 9, in
the Jabalia refugee camp after an army truck
ploughed into a car killing four Palestinians, and
quickly spread throughout Gaza, the West
Bank and East Jerusalem.
The First Intifada
Oslo A’- the agreement on principals
between Israel and PLO- 1993
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The agreement of acknowledgment on both sides,
and an interim agreement towards the
establishment of a independent Palestinian
government in Gaza and Jericho.
Peace with Jordan - 1994
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The agreement is to go back to the British mandates’
historical border with Jordan leaving out the territory of
Judea and Samaria.
The decision was that the border with Judea and Samaria
should be decided with the PLO.
Taba agreement- Oslo B’-1995
The second temporary agreement between Israel and the PLO
towards a final agreement.
 The agreement dealt with: security issues, elections in PLO,
authority transfer, legal issues, economical issues and cooperation
between the two sides.
 It also determined three categories of territories in the west bank:
A territories - the PLO has municipal and internal security and order
responsibility. It includes all the big cities excluding Hebron.
B territories - the PLO has municipal responsibility but Israel has
security responsibility. It includes the smaller cities and villages.
C territories - Israel has complete authority and responsibility.
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Taba agreement- Oslo B’-1995
Hebron protocol - 1997
The agreement dealing with Hebron territory due to
it being a delicate matter.
 The decision was to divide Hebron into two:
H1- similar to A in Taba agreement of 1995.
H2- similar to C.
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Wye River Memorandum- 1998
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An agreement negotiated between Israel and the Palestinian Authority to implement
the earlier Interim Agreement of September 28, 1995 (Oslo B’).
On the final day of the negotiations, the agreement almost fell through. Israeli Prime
Minister Netanyahu had asked President Clinton to release Jonathan Pollard, an
American naval intelligence officer who has been serving a life sentence since 1985
for giving classified information to Israel. A bitter disagreement arose, with
Netanyahu claiming that Clinton had promised to release Pollard, and Clinton saying
he had only promised to "review" the case.
On November 17, 1998, Israel's 120 member parliament, the Knesset, approved the
Wye River Memorandum by a vote of 75–19.
Both sides only implemented the first phase of the Memorandum.
Israel withdrew from all territory it was required to transfer to the Palestinian
Authority within the timetable. Israel did not see reciprocal steps being taken by the
Palestinian Authority.
Thus, Israel believed that the Palestinian Authority's promises to implement its share
of responsibilities under the Wye River Memorandum were not serious, and the
agreement's understandings and goals were un-implemented.
Wye River Memorandum- 1998
The Second Intifada- 2000-2005
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Also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada and the Oslo War.
This was the second Palestinian uprising – a period of
intensified Palestinian–Israeli violence.
B'Tselem's figures indicate that through April 30, 2008, 35.2% of
the Palestinians who were killed directly took part in the
hostilities, 46.4% "did not take part in the hostilities", and 18.5%
where it was not known if they were taking part in hostilities. Of the
Israeli casualties, B'Tselem reports that 31.7% were security force
personnel and 68.3% were civilians.
A 2005 study conducted by Israel's International Institute for
Counter-Terrorism (ICT) concluded that Palestinian fatalities have
consisted of more combatants than noncombatants. Up to 2005, the
ICT puts Israeli combatant casualties at 22% and civilian at 78%.
The Second Intifada- 2000-2005
Israel's unilateral disengagement
plan- 2005
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Also known as the "Disengagement plan", "Gaza expulsion plan",
and "Hitnatkut", was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel
Sharon, adopted by the government on June 6, 2004 and enacted
in August 2005.
The plan was to resettle all Israelis from the Gaza Strip and from
four settlements in the northern West Bank.
Those Israeli citizens who refused to accept government
compensation packages and voluntarily vacate their homes prior
to the August 15, 2005 deadline, were evicted by Israeli security
forces over a period of several days.
The eviction of all residents, demolition of the residential buildings
and evacuation of associated security personnel from the Gaza
Strip was completed by September 12, 2005.
The eviction and dismantlement of the four settlements in the
northern West Bank was completed ten days later.
Israel's unilateral disengagement
plan- 2005
The Annapolis Conference-2007
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was a Middle East peace conference.
The conference marked the first time a two-state
solution was articulated as the mutually agreedupon outline for addressing the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict.
The conference ended with the issuing of a joint
statement from all parties.
The Annapolis Conference-2007
What is the current situation
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Arab representation in
The government
Palestinian Statehood
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Here is a brief summary of the relevant section of the 1933 "Montevideo
Convention on the Rights and Duties of States".
The state, according to international law should possess the following
qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory;
(c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other
states.
Nov 29, 2012 -
Google recognizes Palestinian state
“We’re changing the name ‘Palestinian
territories’ to ‘Palestine’ across our
products,” Google spokesman Nathan
Tyler told the BBC on Friday. “We
consult a number of sources and
authorities when naming countries. In
this case, we are following the lead of
the UN, Icann [the Internet Corporation
for Assigned Names and Numbers], ISO
[International Organization for
Standardization] and other
international organizations.”
PUBLIC INITIATIVES
Dead Sea, Jordan, 26 May 2013 - Nearly 200 leading Israeli and Palestinian business
people and executives of some of the largest companies called today for their
respective governments to urgently move towards a two-state solution to end the
conflict between their two peoples.
Members of the Breaking the Impasse Initiative (BTI), meeting at the World Economic
Forum on the Middle East and North Africa at the Dead Sea, Jordan, said they would
leverage their collective business experience and influence to convince leaders on both
sides to begin serious negotiations with the goal of reaching a peace agreement.
http://www.weforum.org/news/israeli-andpalestinian-business-leaders-urge-two-statesolution