Transcript ACIDS and BASES

ACIDS and BASES
Properties of Acids
Properties of Bases
Naming Acids and Bases
 For Acids We can use Table K to help us with naming
 Acids are polar covalent and will give off hydrogen
ions
 Two types of acids exist
Binary Acids
 Contain Hydrogen and 1 other (non-metal) element
 All Binary acids begin with the prefix HYDRO
 All Binary acids end with –ic acid
 Example:
 HCl will be named:
 HYDROchlorIC acid
Ternary Acids
 Give away H+ ions when dissolved in water
 Feature Oxygen containing polyatomic ions with
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Hydrogen NO3 SO4
If the Polyatomic ends with (ate) we call this an IC
ACID
Example: H2SO4
SO4 = Sulfate
So Acid is Sulfuric Acid
Naming Continued
 If the polyatomic ends with ITE we name this an
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OUS acid.
Example:
H2SO3 Would be named: Sulfurous Acid
Notice that in all cases NO HYDRO is used to name a
ternary acid.
Most can be found in Table K
Naming Bases
Steps to Follow
 Bases are usually ionic compounds (Metal and non
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metal) that release OH- ions in solution.
Consist of a group 1 or 2 metal with hydroxide
Therefore we just follow regular naming rules for
ionic compounds when naming most
NaOH consists of sodium and hydroxide
Name: Sodium Hydroxide
Metal keeps its name, and polyatomic OH ions keep
theirs as well.
Table L gives a list of common bases and names
The Nature of the Hydrogen Ion
 Has No Electron when it is ionized (H+)
 So it looks for something to bind to for stability
 In water it attaches itself to the water molecule and
forms an H3O+ ion (hydronium)
 Creates an ion complex with acid like properties
 This is why you can indicate the presence of an acid
with either the H+ ion or the H3O+ ion
Illustration of Hydronium Ion
Nature of the Hydroxide Ion
 OH- is what makes many bases basic
 Given off when a basic compound is placed into
water
 The more OH- (hydroxide ions) that you release in
water, the stronger you are in terms of base strength
(higher pH 10-14)
 If H+ ions are present, OH- ions will bind with it to
form water (basis of neutralization)