Transcript Confined Space Rescue Operations Level

Contents
• Standard Operating Guideline
• Equipment Review
• Practical Application
Confined Space Standard Operating
Guideline
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A confined space shall be defined as a space that is large enough and
configured so that an employee can enter it, has limited means of
access and egress and is not designed for continuous occupancy.
A permit required confined space meets all of the same requirements
of a confined space plus one or more of the following: contains or has
a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere, contains a material that
has the potential for engulfing an entrant, has an internal configuration
such that an entrant could be trapped by inwardly converging walls or
by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section
and/or contains any other recognized serious health hazards
Any incident requiring rescue or removal of a victim from a confined
space shall require the response of the Technical Rescue Team.
No personnel shall enter a confined space without certified training and
equipment to do so.
Operations level personnel shall not enter a confined space, unless all
of the provisions of guideline item #6 have been met.
Confined Space Standard Operating
Guideline
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In general Operations level personnel shall be trained in recognizing
a confined space, identifying hazards associated with a confined
space and appropriate corrective measures to be taken to minimize
the hazards of a confined space incident.
Operations level personnel shall employ the following guidelines
when faced with a confined space rescue incident:
1) Request a technical rescue response from dispatch.
2) Initiate the Incident management System (IMS)- including the
establishment of a staging area for incoming units and
personnel, as well as the implementation of the passport
accountability system.
3) Isolate the scene and deny entry to prevent further danger to
victim(s), personnel and bystanders.
Confined Space Standard Operating
Guideline
4)
Gather information:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Rescue –vs- Recovery
Cause of incident
What function was the victim(s) performing in the confined space
Nature of injury or problem
i.
Structural
ii. Mechanical
iii. Atmospheric
iv. Personal
Number of victims
Specific victim information
Location of victim(s)
Location of alternative entry/access points
Permit required or non-permit required space
Identity of attendant or reporting party
Confined Space Standard Operating
Guideline
5)
6)
Advise dispatch and incoming units of updated, detailed
information.
Attempt to obtain:
a.
b.
c.
7)
8)
Blueprints of facility
Drawing or cross sections of actual confined space in question
Copy of victim’s entry permit
Begin filling out the Fire Department Confined Space Entry
Permit.
Identify any possible or potential hazards and take the
appropriate steps to minimize or remove them.
a.
b.
c.
Lock-out Tag-out procedures for utilities and machinery
Structural collapse or instability issues
Atmospheric conditions
Confined Space Standard Operating
Guideline
9)
Assist the Technical Rescue Team as directed, staying within the
scope of Operations Level training. Tasks to include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Serve as a haul team member
Operate safety lines
Set-up and operate ventilation and other rescue equipment
Monitor and run the air supply and communication systems
Air monitoring
Confined Space Standard Operating
Guideline
9)
Operations level personnel may attempt to perform a rescue if
ALL of the following criteria are met:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
It is a rescue, not a body recovery
The victim is visible
Victim is within 25’ of the entry point, straight access
Entry is a horizontal access
SCBA is utilized and is able to remain on the firefighter’s back at all
times
Appropriate level of turnout gear is worn. (i.e hood, gloves, pants,
coat, helmet, boots, etc.)
A tagline is attached to the rescuer
All hazards have been addressed
11) Keep all unnecessary communications to a minimum during
rescue operations.
Ventilation Equipment
• “The purpose of
ventilation in a confined
space is to replace the
oxygen-deficient,
flammable, or toxic
environment with clean
air, and ultimately to
eliminate the
atmospheric hazards.”
CONINED SPACE RESCUE, Sargent,Chase. 2000, Fire
Engineering Books & Videos
Ventilation Equipment
• The primary piece of
ventilation equipment is the
electric powered, positive
pressure blower with ducting
• The electric blower should
be placed as close to the
entry point, of the confined
space, as possible. Make
note of the wind direction
and ensure that fresh air is
being introduced to the
space.
Ventilation Equipment
• The yellow ducting is
attached directly to the
blower with adjustable
buckles on either end, and
placed into the hazard area
to effect clean air
exchanges. (See chart
attached to the top of
blower for specific details)
• Please note that the
aluminum “stove pipe” will
be needed to attach two
pieces of ducting together.
Ventilation Equipment
• Additional adaptors for use
with the positive pressure
blower include:
– The 90* elbow, used for
placing the ducting around
corners or for use in placing
the ducting down a vertical
shaft while minimizing
bends that would restrict air
flow.
– The “saddle” adaptor is
generally used when placing
ducting into a narrow entry
area. This allows for the
placement of ducting while
maximizing space for the
rescuer to enter
Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus
SABA
• The supplied air breathing
apparatus, in contrast to our
SCBA, supplies the rescuer
with a near endless supply of
air in which to enter the
confined space and perform
work. This is accomplished
through the use of a
manifold system and the use
of standard SCBA bottles.
This system is used in conjunction
with an escape bottle for the
rescuer
Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus
SABA
• The manifolds are typically
stored in a hard plastic
“Pelican” case. Check with
your TRT member for
location and familiarity
• Upon opening the case you
will find two complete, and
separate manifolds for use.
One will be used for the
entry team, to include the
line for the victim/patient.
The other is for the standby/ back-up team.
Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus
SABA
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Begin set-up by identifying the
manifold to be used by the entry
team. Either can be used for this
purpose.
Retrieve two bottles, plus as many
spares as possible, and attach the
two bottles to the hose fittings
located on the manifold. Do not
begin operations until a cache of
spare bottles have been secured.
Once the bottles have been
attached you may turn on one of
the bottles to charge the system.
Please note that the manifold
system operates from only one
bottle at a time. Do not operate
with both bottles on at the same
time.
Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus
SABA
• Internal to the manifold system is a
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check valve. This allows for the
highest air pressure to provide the
air to the system.
By charging the system with one
bottle the valve allows air to enter
from this side. Once this bottle is
low we may charge the second
bottle, thus overriding the valve and
allowing the second bottle to
provide the air for the system.
Once we are operating off of bottle
#2 we may bleed off and disconnect
bottle #1; then replace with a fresh
bottle
Repeat the above steps to ensure
that there is always a fresh bottle to
charge the system when the one
you are operating from has been
depleted.
Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus
SABA
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Once the system has been charged
we may attach the air line portion of
the “umbilicus”.
To do this- find the “male” end of
the air line, from the “umbilicus” or
the patient line, and insert it into
one of the “female” ports on the
manifold.
Please note that Locking Foster
fittings are utilized on the manifold
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To connect to the “locking Foster
fitting” align the “notch” in the
female fitting with the “raised point”
on its post and press down on the
“female” fitting. Insert the “male”
end and release. Now turn the
“female” fitting so it is no longer
aligned and duct tape the
connection for safety
Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus
SABA
Patient
Line
Rescuer
“Umbilicus”
• Once the manifold has been
charged and lines attached
for the rescuers and patient
you may begin to set up the
back-up team manifold in
the same manner as you had
for the entry team.
Please note that an
additional rescuer line
would be required in
order to be fully prepared
for entry, thus allowing
for a two person team to
make their entry.
Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus
SABA
• Some key points regarding
the SABA manifold system:
– Maximum length of airline
allowed for a user on the
system is 300’
– Operations are performed
using only one SCBA bottle
at a time
– Please keep the dust caps in
place on all air line and
communication cable fittings
when not being used
– Two manifolds will be in use
on every entry. One for the
entry team and one for the
back-up team.
SABA Escape Bottle
• Used in conjunction with the
supplied air breathing
apparatus manifold is the
emergency escape bottle.
This bottle is a self contained
10 minute escape bottle for
use in emergency situations
only.
• The bottle is worn by the
rescuer via its attachment to
a waist belt. On this waist
belt you will find the
attachment point for the
SABA air line (1) and the
mask mounted regulator for
our SCBA masks (2).
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2
SABA Escape Bottle
• Please note that the escape
bottle is not supplied by the
SABA manifold. It is
imperative that this escape
bottle remain “off” until
needed in an emergency, i.e.
a malfunction with the SABA
manifold.
• If at any time the rescuer
notes that his/her escape
bottle has been turned on
they must immediately leave
the confined space and
return to the outside for a
bottle change.
SABA Lines
Umbilicus
• “Umbilicus” lines can be
found in large, black bags or
plastic bins. Contact your
TRT member for location
and familiarity.
• Each bag or bin is color
coded to match the color of
the umbilicus and the color
code of the SABA escape
bottles as well
SABA Lines
Umbilicus
• In each of the color coded
bags/bins there is a 150”
red, yellow, blue or green,
“umbilicus”.
• The “umbilicus” is simply a
sheath that contains the air
line, hardwire
communication line and the
tag-line for the rescuer.
SABA Lines
Umbilicus
• The “umbilicus” is stored
coiled, using an over/under
method of coiling to help
ensure kink free deployment.
• A close-up detail of the
rescuer end of the
“umbilicus”
– Black line is the air line
– Orange line is the hardwire
communication line
– Carabiner and tag-line is
attached to the dorsal
connection of the Class III
harness
SABA Lines
Umbilicus
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Some key points regarding the
“umbilicus”
– Each bag contains two separate
sections. One 50’ section and
one 100’ section. They are
coupled together to make a
single 150’ “umbilicus”.
– Coiled in an over and under
method to keep the kinks out of
the line when deploying
– Neatness and organization is
the key to successful
deployment of the “umbilicus”.
– Connections utilize “Locking
Foster” fittings
SABA Lines
Patient/Victim Line
• The patient line is
located in the same
compartment as the
“umbilicus” bags/bins
SABA Lines
Patient/Victim Line
• Inside the bag you will
find two separate
sections of air line. One
50’ section and one 100’
section. They are
coupled to make a 150’
line. This line is not in
an “umbilicus”.
• You will also find an
SCBA mask, with
regulator, attached to a
short section of air line.
SABA Lines
Patient/Victim Line
• Connections of the
patient air line utilize
the “Locking Foster”
fittings.
Communication System
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The Con-Space communication
system is a hard wire system
that allows for constant
monitoring of communications
with the entry team in a
confined space incident.
The equipment for this system
is stored in a “Pelican” type
briefcase. Contact you TRT
member for location and
familiarity.
Components include:
– 4 throat microphones with ear
pieces
– 2 headsets
– 1 control box
– 1 splitter
– 2 hard wire lines for headsets
– Lock-out devices
Communication System
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Setting up the communication
system for use will require
multiple connections to be made
to the control box (1). All
connections in this system are
made by aligning the raised
point of the “female” (2) fitting
with the accompanying orange
dot on the “male” (3) fitting.
Once connected turn the
“female” fitting to the Right to
lock-in.
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2
Communication System
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The headset for the Entry
Officer is recognizable by the
fact that in both of its ear
portions it contains padding and
speakers. This enables the Entry
Officer to direct all of his/her
attention to the team in the
confined space.
The hard wire line is also
recognizable as it does not
contain a “lock-out” device, preattached, on it. This allows the
controller to be in constant
contact with the entry team.
The connection for the hardwire
is made on the rear of the
control box under the label
“controller” and the opposite
end attached to the headset
worn by the controller
Communication System
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The air manager’s headset
differs from the entry officer’s
headset in that it contains
padding and a speaker in only
one side of the head set. This
allows the air manager to
monitor the entry team and
entry officer as well as hear the
audible low air warning device
on the SABA manifold system.
This is important as the
communications system and
SABA system will generally be
set-up in close proximity to one
another, and both systems
operated by one individual.
Communication System
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The air manager’s hardwire line
is shorter than the entry
officer’s line and also contains a
“lock-out” device (1) that
enables the air manager’s
microphone to be disabled
when necessary. While the
microphone is disabled he/she
will still be able to hear all of
the communications between
the controller and the entry
team.
The connection point for the air
manager’s line is located on the
top of the control box, under
the label “air mgr”.
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Communication System
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The entry and back-up teams
will operate from a “splitter”
device. Located on the rear of
the control box, adjacent to the
connection point for the
controller, you will find labels
indicating “Team 1” and “Team
2”. Into these connection points
you will attach the splitter
device that enables a total of 4
hardwire connections into it.
Two are for the entry team and
two are for the back-up team.
All connections are made
precisely as described in
previous slides
Communication System
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Here we see the communication
system set up for the entry team.
Note that the splitter device is
secured into the ports on the rear of
the control box and there are two
lines, one for each member of the
entry team, connected in to the
splitter. The remaining ports on the
splitter would then be connected to
the lines of the back-up personnel.
The switch in the middle of the
splitter device enables the
air/communications manager to turn
communications on or off for each
team. The switch allows for both
the entry and back-up teams to
always be heard but allows for one
or the other’s voice to be turned off,
so as not to interfere with the
overall operation.
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Communication System
The ear piece and throat
microphone enable the rescuer
to transmit and receive
information in a hands-free
manner.
Running from the control box,
or splitter, to the rescuer is the
communication hardwire linecontained in the umbilicus. This
is then connected to the ear
piece and throat microphone
using the same type of
connection described for the
control box.
The ear piece fits over the ear
allowing the speaker to rest
over the ear opening, and the
microphone is placed on the
throat and tested for clarity
Dressing the Confined Space
Rescue Technician
• In most instances the
Rescue Technician will
be able to don their
confined space gear
without assistance from
others. However, there
may be some need for
help with SABA and
communications line
connections.
Dressing the Confined Space
Rescue Technician
• The first piece of
equipment required is a
full jumpsuit. Ours are
made of Nomex
material to protect
against flash situations.
• The second item will
always be a standard
Class III harness
Dressing the Confined Space Rescue
Technician
• Once the Class III
harness has been
donned the emergency
escape bottle is donned
and the waist belt
secured.
• The SABA air line, from
the umbilicus, can then
be attached to the port
of the first stage
regulator on the escape
bottle’s waist belt.
Dressing the Confined Space Rescue
Technician
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Next, the carabiner and tag line
may be attached to the dorsal
connection point on the
rescuer’s Class III harness.
The communications line can
then be routed up over the right
shoulder, secured with the
attached clip to the right
shoulder “D-ring” to provide
strain relief, and the fitting
draped over the shoulder for
later connection to the ear piece
and microphone.
Dressing the Confined Space Rescue
Technician
• Once the ear piece and
the microphone have
been properly donned
the connection to the
communications line
can be made. Please
note that the wires for
the ear piece and the
microphone have small
clips that may be used
to secure them to the
rescuers jumpsuit as
strain relief.
Dressing the Confined Space Rescue
Technician
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Final preparations would
include: a helmet, SCBA mask
and gloves.
Once the rescuer has
completely and correctly
donned all gear he/she must
pass a safety inspection,
including a check of the
communications system and its
operation, insuring that the air
line is supplying air to the
rescuer and that their escape
bottle is turned off. As well as
inspection of all connection
points and safety systems.
Practical Application
• Please arrange a time with your shift’s
TRT crew to review the preceding
equipment, its location along with
proper operation and set-up.
• Also review the protocols as they relate
to confined space rescue.
This presentation was shared by
Snohomish County Fire District 1.