Transcript Document

Addressing Mixed Migration Flows in Central Asia
Global Drivers of Large-Scale Migration
DEMOGRAPHY North – ageing, South – youthful
DEMAND labour shortage vs. labour surplus
DISPARITY increasing – economic, social
DISTANCE shrinking – budget transportation
DIGITAL REVOLUTION instant information
DISASTERS natural & human-made, rapid & slow onset
DESPERATION migration
DREAMS life with dignity & prosperity
48%
OF MIGRANTS
ARE WOMEN
Source: UNDESA World Migration Report (2013)
Global Challenges
the global demographic imbalance
the global food security threat
the water shortage
the global energy security and
exhaustion of natural resources
the third industrial revolution
the growing social instability
the crisis of our civilization’s values
the threat of a new global destabilization
A WORLD ON THE MOVE:
UNPRECEDENTED
HUMAN MOBILITY
forced & voluntary
DISASTERS
political, natural & climactic change
ANTI-MIGRANT SENTIMENT
fear-driven policies
UNDERSTANDING MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS
International Migration also includes that of refugees,
displaced persons and other individuals compelled to leave their
homelands, and who are in need of international migration
services. Complex population movements including refugees,
asylum-seekers, economic migrants, victims of trafficking,
smuggled migrants, unaccompanied minors and other migrants.
REGULAR vs IRREGULAR : Movement that takes place outside the
regulatory norms of the countries of origin, transit and
destination
IOM's Assistance Over the Years
Year
Number of IOM-assisted
Migrants and Refugees
1960
1 million
1973
2 million
ICEM becomes ICM
1980
3 million
1985
4 million
1989
ICM becomes IOM
1990
5 million
1991
6 million
1993
7 million
1997
10 million
2000
11 million
2005
13 million
2008
15 million
2011
16 million
2013
17 million
“Looking ahead at the evolving resettlement
landscape, there will be increasingly more people
forced to move who are not protected under the
1951 Refugee Convention, and finding good
durable solutions will require the collaborative
engagement of many actors across a range of
services.”
http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/what-wedo/resettlement-assistance.html
1 in 7
ARE MIGRANTS
TODAY: 214 million international migrants +
740 million internal migrants
1 billion migrants globally
400 million international migrants by 2040
Growth International Migrants
450
400
in million int'l migrants
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
2000
2010
Source: UN DESA (2013) and IOM WMR
2030
2040
2050
4 Migration Pathways – TOP Migration Corridors:
NORTH-NORTH :
Germany to USA, UK to Australia and Canada,
Republic of Korea and UK to USA
SOUTH-SOUTH: Ukraine to Russia, Russia to Ukraine,
Bangladesh to Bhutan, Kazakhstan to Russia ,
Afghanistan to Pakistan
SOUTH-NORTH:
Mexico to USA, Turkey to Germany,
China /Philippines/India to USA
NORTH-SOUTH
USA to Mexico/South Africa , Germany to Turkey,
Portugal to Brazil, Italy to Argentina
Source: IOM calculations, based on UN DESA, 2012b, 2013 IOM World Migration Report
CIS region: 24,6million international
migrants
(UNDESA 2010 – 11.5% of total of international migrants in the world)
Central Asia : 6 million people on the move
Irregularity of Central Asian emigration: a typical scenario
Visa-free
movement
• Legal entry and stay for 90 days
Extension of •
stay
Failure to comply with regulations: own
ignorance, employers’ negligence
•
Employment
Abuse of work permits and
potential for deportation:
legal system found to be “rigid
and complicated”
Source: Developed on the basis of: A. Maier, Tajik Migrants with Re-entry Bans to the Russian Federation, IOM, Dushanbe 2014
Irregular Migration and Mixed Flows:
IOM’s Approach
Irregular Migration and Mixed Flows
 To enhance the humane and orderly management of
migration and the effective respect for the human rights of
migrants in accordance with international law.
 Need to support “States, migrants and communities in
addressing the challenges of irregular migration
 To provide migration services in other emergency or
post-crisis situations as appropriate and as relates to the
needs of individuals, thereby contributing to their protection
IOM Strategy in Central Asia
THEMATIC AREAS
 Migration Management: Immigration, Technical Cooperation and
Border Management
 Migration & Development
 Emergency response and community stabilization – MCOF http://www.iom.int/cms/mcof
 Combating Trafficking in Persons
 Combating Irregular Migration
 Resettlement and Operational Movements
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES
 Migration Governance
 Migrant rights
 Civil society development
 Gender
 Health
lOM’s Approach
Areas of Work
1.
Direct assistance to migrants
2.
Helping to develop policy and legislation
3.
Training government
officials and other stakeholders
4.
Disseminating information to
migrants and host communities
5. Interstate and Inter-Agency Co-operation
and partnership
“ALMATY PROCESS”
Members (Current Chair: Kazakhstan)
Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey, Tukmenistan
Observer States: Iran and Pakistan
Objective:
Addressing the multiple challenges resulting from complex migration dynamics and mixed
migratory movements in Central Asia and the wider region through: regional dialogue,
practical cooperation and establishment of appropriate national legal frameworks to ensure
the human rights of migrants, access to international protection for those in need, and durable
solutions for refugees.
Priorities:
 Ensure support to the Chair of Almaty Process -- Government of Kazakhstan
 Promote the “Almaty Process” as a Regional Consultative Process(RCP), providing
participating States a regional platform for dialogue and cooperation
“ADDRESSING MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS THROUGH CAPACITY BUILDING IN CENTRAL ASIA”
funded by the Government of the United States, Bureau of Refugees and Migration (PRM)
IOM REGIONAL ACTIVITES 2014 – 2015
REGIONAL TRAINING on IRREGULAR MIGRATION (Almaty, March 30, 31 and April 1 2015)
REGIONAL TRAINING on EMERGENCY PREPARDNESS (Ashgabat, June 2015)
SENIOR OFFICIALS MEETING (SOM) September 2015
CONCLUSION: MIGRATION IS
1. Inevitable – demographics
2. Necessary – development and growth
3. Desirable – if well-governed:
a. Reduce forced and irregular migration
b. Facilitate regular migration
c. Protect the rights of all migrants