Transcript Slide 1

Primary Resource Factor
– for systematic evaluation of heating and cooling options
What is PRF
 PRF of heating and cooling systems
 PRF and competitiveness
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Primary Resource Factor (PRF)
ENERGY
Building
Primary Energy Source
EVALUATION
2
Electricity 10 kWh
Efficiency 40 %
25 kWh resource energy
(Primary Resource Factor 2,5)
Pellets 10 kWh
Pellet factory &
transportation
1 kWh resource energy
(Primary Resource Factor 0,1)
EHP Annual conference 2006
22.6.2006/NW
Energy saving investment (heat recovery system)
Evaluation limited to building
Heat loss
(ventilation, etc.)
Before 100
After: 70 and
10 additional
electricity
Energy across the system border
Before
After
100
80
Whole energy chain taken into account
Before
After
DH
100
70
PRF of DH
0,1
0,1
Additional electricity
0
10
PRF of electricity
2,5
2,5
Resource Energy
10
32
Electricity (PRF = 2,5)
District heat (PRF = 0,1)
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EHP Annual conference 2006
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Cooling solution in building
Evaluation limited to building
Energy across the system border
DC
Chiller
100
40
Whole energy chain taken into account
Cooling demand =100
DC
Chiller
Energy across the system border
100
40
PRF
0,15
2,5
Resource Energy
15
100
Electricity (PRF = 2,5)
District cooling (PRF = 0,1)
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EHP Annual conference 2006
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Primary Resource Factor (PRF)
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PRF sounds like a complicated term, but it provides a simple answer to the
efficiency of heating and cooling systems.
Calculation method is presented in a draft version of the European
standard (Heating Systems in Buildings). The Standard will be part of the
implementation of a Directive (Energy Performance of Buildings).
Takes into account the whole energy chain and energy market.
PRF defines the ratio between fossil energy supply and energy used in
building.
Excludes the renewable part of primary energy. Gives advantages to
renewable energy but does not automatically lower factor. Only a
renewable that replaces the fossil supply on the market receives a lower
PRF.
Fossil fuel supply provides a good estimate on CO2 emissions.
Tool to compare the efficiency of different heating and cooling systems.
PRF is not a scientifically “truth” and it does not need be. It is a tool to
make heating and cooling market more efficient.
EHP Annual conference 2006
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PRF for different heating options
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1
Electric
heating
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Oil or gas
boiler
Heat
pump
DH
DH
(Coal CHP)
(Gas CHP)
DH
DH
DH
(Biomass,
(Waste heat) (Heat only boilers
waste incineration)
with fossil)
EHP Annual conference 2006
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PRF for different cooling options
2
1
Cooling
with Chillers
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DC
DC
DC
(Free (Absorption; by
(Absorption;
Cooling)
waste heat)
heat from CHP)
DC
DC
DHC
(Absorption;
Biomass)
(Absorption;
Waste Incineration)
(Heat pump)
EHP Annual conference 2006
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PRF examples from Europe
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2,5
2
1,3
1
8
0,9
0,36 0,44
0,57
0,17
0,51
0,23
0,12
0,58
0,32
0,1
0,26
0
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PRF and CO2 emissions
CO2 [g/kWh]
1000
800
Electric Heating
600
District Heating
systems
Coal
Building Specific
Systems
400
Oil
Heat Pump
Gas
Torino
200
Vienna
Brescia
Gothenburg
0
0
9
Helsinki
PRF
1
2
3
EHP Annual conference 2006
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Competitiveness and efficiency
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Competitiveness on the heating and cooling market is the key to
increasing the market share of efficient systems – customer’s
choice.
There should be free competition between different heating and
cooling options.
No special financial support, taxes or any other special regulation.
No special treatment for heating and cooling options.
Financial support, taxes or any other regulation should be based on
the total efficiency of heating or cooling solution.
Systems with low PRF value should not be disadvantaged by
regulation
Savings should not be financially supported, but regulation should
support investments and customer choices that make the market
more efficient.
EHP Annual conference 2006
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Should this type of energy saving investment receive
financial support?
Evaluation limited to building
Heat loss
(ventilation, etc.)
Before 100
After: 70 and
10 additional
electricity
Energy across the system border
Before
After
100
80
Whole energy chain taken account
Before
After
DH
100
70
PRF of DH
0,1
0,1
Additional electricity
0
10
PRF of electricity
2,5
2,5
Resource Energy
10
32
Electricity (PRF = 2,5)
District heat (PRF = 0,1)
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What type of systems should the regulation support?
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Electric
heating
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Oil or gas
boiler
Heat
pump
DH
DH
(Coal CHP) (Gas CHP)
DH
DH
DH
(Biomass,
(Waste heat) (Heat only boilers
waste incineration)
with fossil)
EHP Annual conference 2006
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Market share of DH and DC
1 % greater market share for DH in Europe:
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35 TWh less fossil fuel supply (equal to yearly electricity production in Hungary)
10 million tons of CO2 (equal to yearly CO2 emissions in Luxemburg)
500 TWh cooling in Europe in the year 2018.
DC market share 40 % compared to DC market share 10 %:
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200 TWh fossil fuel supply (more than yearly electricity production in Benelux countries)
70 million tons of CO2 (equal to yearly CO2 emissions in Denmark or Ireland or Sweden)
EHP Annual conference 2006
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Next step
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Goals for heating and cooling in Europe: decreased fossil fuel supply and
reduced CO2 emissions.
Generating savings or increasing the use of renewable energy in heating
and cooling should not be the main focus. Savings or uses of renewable
energy are only part of the solution to achieve reduced fossil supply and
decrease in CO2 emissions.
Efficiency evaluation should take into account whole energy chain and
entire energy market. Assessment of energy performance shall not be
limited to the buildings where energy consumption takes place.
PRF is a tool to understand
O What kinds of systems really are efficient.
O What is the customer’s best choice.
O What kinds of investments make heating and cooling market more
efficient.
Allow free competition combined with regulation that supports efficient
systems.
EHP Annual conference 2006
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Don’t save energy – save resources!
Use energy, but use it in a smart way!
PRF is a tool to find low fossil heating and cooling
systems – greater market share for low PRF systems
have a huge impact on fossil supply and CO2
Let’s work together to make heating and cooling
market more efficient. PRF does not make the
market more efficient, it is only a tool. It’s up to
all of us to make it happen!
THANK YOU!
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EHP Annual conference 2006
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