Transcript The Major Body Systems

The Major Body Systems
COS 9
Identify major body systems and their
functions, including the circulatory system,
respiratory system, excretory system, and
reproductive system.
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system is made up of the
vessels and the muscles that control the flow
of the blood around the body. This process is
called circulation. The main parts of the
system are the heart, arteries, capillaries, and
veins.
As blood begins to circulate, it
leaves the heart from the left
ventricle and goes into the
aorta. The aorta is the largest
artery in the body. The blood
leaving the aorta is full of
oxygen. This is important for the
cells in the brain and the body
to do their work. The oxygenrich blood travels throughout
the body in its system of
arteries.
On its way back to the heart, the blood travels
through a system of veins. As it reaches the
lungs, the carbon dioxide (a waste product) is
removed from the blood and replace with
fresh oxygen that we have inhaled through
the lungs.
What is Blood?
Blood is thicker than water and has a slightly
salty taste. In an adult’s body there is 10.6
pints of blood circulating around. In their
blood there are billions of living blood cells
floating in a liquid called plasma. The red
blood cells are the heavier, more solid parts.
The plasma is lighter.
The Respiratory System
The primary function of the respiratory system
is to supply the blood with oxygen to be
delivered to all parts of the body.
http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.jpg
Respiration is achieved through the mouth,
nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. Oxygen
enters the respiratory system through the
mouth and the nose.
http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/repiratorysys.html
The oxygen then passes through the larynx
(where speech sounds are produced) and the
trachea which is a tube that enters the chest
cavity.
http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/resp1.htm
In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two
smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each
bronchus then divides again forming the
bronchial tubes.
http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/resp4.htm
The bronchial tubes lead directly into the
lungs where they divide into many smaller
tubes which connect to tiny sacs called
alveoli.
http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/resp3.htm
The diaphragm's job is to help pump the
carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the
oxygen into the lungs.
http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/repiratorysys.html
There are many diseases that can harm and
even destroy the respiratory system. Asthma is
an increasingly common disease that causes
coughing and makes it hard to breathe. Lung
cancer is a major cause of death particularly
among smokers. Tuberculosis is a disease
caused by bacteria that can destroy the lungs.
The Excretory System
The excretory system
regulates the chemical
composition of body
fluids
by
removing
wastes and retaining the
proper amounts of water,
salts,
and
nutrients.
Components
of
this
system
include
the
kidneys, liver, lungs, and
skin.
www.faqs.org/health/images/uchr_02_img0199.jpg
The kidneys are organs that filter wastes
(such as urea) from the blood and excrete
them, along with water, as urine.
Cross section of
a kidney
http://www.imcpl.org/kids/guides/health/excretorysystem.html
The kidneys funnel the urine into the bladder
along two separate tubes called ureters.
http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/urin1.htm
The bladder stores the urine until muscular
contractions force the urine out of the body
through the urethra.
The liver acts as a filter for the blood. As
blood passes through the liver, it removes
amino acids that do not need to be in your
body.
http://www.livercancer.com/images/anterior.liver.gif
The other excretory organ is the skin. The
skin can sometimes be thought as the largest
organ of the human body.
http://www.essentialdayspa.com/images/emerginc/Skin_Anathomy_and_Physiology.gif
The Reproductive System
The major function of the reproductive system
is to ensure survival of the species.
A female's internal reproductive
organs are the vagina, uterus, the
fallopian tubes, and ovaries. They
are all located entirely within the
pelvis.
Unlike the female, whose sex organs are
located entirely within the pelvis, the male
has reproductive organs, or genitals, that
are both inside and outside the pelvis. The
male genitals include the testicles, the duct
system, the accessory glands, and the
penis.
Within the context of producing offspring, the
reproductive system has four functions:
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
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To produce egg and sperm cells
To transport and sustain these cells
To nurture the developing offspring
To produce hormones