Transcript Croatia

Project Jobnet
 There are 4 284 889 residents in Croatia...
 333 249 person is recorded on Croatian
Employment Service as UNEMPLOYED...
 59 985 person is younger than 24...
 Due to this disturbing numbers, members of the
research team in Local Democracy Agency Sisak,
decided to participate in an international comparative
audio-visual project JOBNET related to solving the
problem of rising youth unemployment in many
European countries.
 LDA Sisak operating since 1996 precisely in order of
democratization of society in local, to promote active
citizenship and human rights, and all this with one
very important aspect which is the international
cooperation and connectivity.
 We noticed that in Croatia there is neither systematic
research that asks young people, meaning those in
which this problem affects the most, which are the
causes why they can not exercise their fundamental
human right - the job.
 In Croatia particular problem is structural unemployment,
which means consequences of mismatches between supply and
demand with respect to interest and skills of the unemployed
and the requirements of employers and the difficulties in trying
to change the job regardless of their previous jobs.
 Risk of unemployment is higher for youth with vocational
education.
 The main reasons of early school leaving (school drop-out) are
related to poor initial conditions, poverty and poor educational
status of the parents.
 Young people from lower social status families are forced to
acquire a qualification and early enter in Emloyment Service.
 In Croatia, there is a labour law that is dealing with
labour relation in details. A worker is an individual
employed that perform a particular job, and the
employer is an individual or entity that employs the
worker for whom the employee performs certain tasks.
 The first step is to undertake by the employer is to sign
a work contract with the worker, listing the scope of
work. The contract can be long-term and short-term.
If the contract is not stating its duration, it is
considered as long-term.
 A person under 15 years of age or a person 15 or older
than 15 but younger than 18, attending compulsory
primary education, can not be employed. A minor
shall not be employed in jobs that may endanger their
safety, health, morals or development.
 During the contract signing a probation work may be
agreed but it must not be longer than 6 months.
Persons employed for the first time in occupation for
which they were educated, employer may employ as
apprentice. Training of an apprentice may not last
longer than one year, upon the apprentice takes
professional exam.
 The state financed hiring of young, educated workers need
working experience as a precondition for taking the
obligatory exam on competencies and to be able to enter
working world. Labour officea will finance competence
training without employment for those with no master
craftsman exam, for architects, planners, lawyers,
attorneys, notaries and for
 One to be entitled to get funding of obligatory professional
practice for the period of one year in the amount of
1.600,00 HRK and paid social services must be registered in
unemployment register for at least six months, but there is
an age limit. High school graduates must be younger then
25 years, while collage and university students younger
then 29 years.
 3 important cities facing a crisis in central Croatia and their
surroundings
Population in 2011:
 Sisak - 33,049
(with surrounding - 49,699)
 Petrinja-15,480 (with surrounding – 24,786)
 Kutina-14,814 (with surrounding - 22,815)
 4 groups of examinees: students, employed students,
employed youths and unemployed youths (16 – 24 years
old)
 Total of 370 respondents
AGE/ YEARS
MALE
FEMALE
ALL
PERCENT
16
5
5
10
3%
17
4
12
16
4%
18
7
13
20
5%
19
22
25
47
13%
20
26
34
60
16%
21
23
16
39
11%
22
20
30
50
14%
23
16
41
57
15%
24
27
38
65
18%
EMPTY
1
5
6
2%
ALL
151 (41%)
219 (59%)
370
100%
 most of interviewed were 24 years old (18%), and over
80 % of respondents were 19 or older.
 Only 3% of them were 16 years old
 There were 219 (59%) females and 151 (41%) males
 The relative majority of these females were 23 years
old, as for the males the most common age of those
questioned was 24 years
 The relative majority of interviewed are coming from :
 Sisak (53%), because it is the biggest and most
developed of those three cities.
 27% of respondents were from Kutina and
 20 % were from Petrinja
 The relative majority (43%) has got secondary
graduation, but the rate of vocational certificate is also
high (25%); bachelor degree in higher education (BA
or BSc): 17%; only primary education: 5%; more than
primary education: 2% ; master degree in higher
education (MA or MSc): 6% (Figure 16).
 It is very concerning that there are 25% of those with
vocational education. They should all work in little
mills or shops, using their hands and knowledge. It is
not a secret that most of them are on black market,
using their skills under the price, and avoiding paying
taxes. That also costs the state
 All in the relative majority of interviewed have become
unemployed for 1 or 2, maybe 3 years(Figure 17) . Most
of them have work experience (58 heads), and lots of
them do not have (49 heads), usually that was Fixed
term contract (25 heads).
 From these data It seems that it is not relevant for
being unemployed if you have work experience or you
do not have.
 28 % thinks that lack of enough jobs is the main
reason, and also 28% thinks that the lack of their work
experience is the reason, but we saw before that there is
almost the same number of those who are unemployed and
have work experience and those who do not have this
experience.
 It is maybe possible that those work experiences are short
or not in a profession in which they are trying to find a job.
 15 % thinks that this crisis is responsible for their situation.
 5 % have not known how to get a job and in her/his opinion
that is why she/he is unemployed. Based on this we can
stated that most of the interviewed know how can find
a job.
AGE / YEARS
MALE
FEMALE
ALL
EMPTY
0 (0%)
2 (2%)
2 (1%)
16
2 (3%)
3 (3%)
5 (3%)
17
4 (6%)
9 (8%)
13 (7%)
18
3 (4%)
7 (6%)
10 (5%)
19
12 (18%)
16 (14%)
28 (15%)
20
12 (18%)
24 (21%)
36 (20%)
21
12 (18%)
8 (7%)
20 (11%)
22
11 (16%)
14 (12%)
25 (14%)
23
4 (&%)
26 (22%)
29 (16%)
24
8 (12%)
7 (&%)
15 (8%)
ALL
68 (100%)
115 (100%)
183 (100%)
 They were mostly 20 years old (20%); male students
were mostly between 19 and 21 (18% of each), and
female were a little bit older (between 19 and 23); and
most of them were 23 (22%)
 Most of students had secondary graduation (67%), so we can
conclude that they are at college at this time, taking degree in
higher education BA, just as those 5 % with vocational
certificate.
 very few of vocational graduates go further to college. It is like
that because it is a little bit complicated for them to apply on
college and get points on exams, because of lack of general
knowledge.
 19% of them are currently taking degree in higher education MA.
 7% is in high school (5 % with more than primary, and 2 % only
primary)
 Mostly students are from Sisak (59%), 27% of them are from
Kutina, and 14% from Petrinja
 Student had to answer some additional questions for
students, like since when they are studying and ‘Your
formal education can get you a white collar job, but
you do not find one. What do you do?’.
 We couldn't get good results on first question, because
people get it wrong. Some of them wrote when they
started primary school, some of them secondary, and
some of them college, so it's very hard to know correct
year for correct school for each person. These results
are unusable.
 On question why did not they find a white collar job with
their previous education they mostly answered other
(N=166). When we analysed that 'other' answers, we saw
that most of them left this space empty. They just did not
find right answer on this. We have to pay attention on this
after in study, while taking interviews
 Those who gave answers mostly continue studies and do
vocational training (N=96).
 It is very low number of those who volunteering (N=6) and
those who would not take a blue-collar job, remain
unemployed (N=6)
 They are showing interest in any kind of work
 Most of respondents chose two answers: Companies
and institutions do not employ young people with no
experience (N=250) and effects of the economic
crisis (N=249). That is quite true in our country. There
are no economic resources in country and no one is
opening new mills or shops or other drive where young
can find a job. And not just young people.
 Other answers appear much less and they are all
equally
 Most of the respondents thinks that best practice would
be making the labour market more 'youth friendly'
(N=168). Lots of them also thinks that Cooperation of
local business sector and education to train young people
for specific job (N=147) and wants more internship
programs in local and national authorities. The answer
Initiating a regional youth guidance program (N=85) is
rarest elected.
 These responses are expected. Ourselves, we started from
the assumption that the cooperation between schools and
craftsmen should be better, that to those who are
educated should be allowed to use what they learned, and
that everyone in state should be more friendly to youth
employment.
 We should say that our government investing effort in
solving this problem in last 2 years, and today there are
over 10 different modules that should help young to get
their first job. Some things can be improved, but it is
still great that they started co combat with this
problem. They consist that is the fact, It is just a
question how good are public and youth familiar with
those modules
 Socials problems here mostly means financial
problems. It is a good question to ask why do they
sense this lack of motivation. Is it because of bad
professional orientation or something else? This
should be better investigated and easy solved
1. A career guidance program that involves parents
and young people can reduce youth
unemployment
 People mostly agree with this statement (mostly
students and unemployed). It is interesting that more
employed respondents do not agree with this
statement (N=23), than agree (N=18). This may
indicate that the unemployed and students hope that
this program could be effective. Those who are
employed probably see the solution in something else.
Men and women have similar views regarding this
statement
2. An internship program can leave young
people with excellent preparation for the
world of work
 A great number of them are strongly agreed.
 When we look at the differences in responses by
gender, we can see that though more male than
female respondents disagreed with the statement.
Maybe males have some problem with being
internship
3. Highly qualified youth prefer to be lower –
paid white – collar worker than to be blue –
collar worker for higher wages
 Most of employed and unemployed agree with this
statement, but also that students mostly disagree.
Maybe the responses of those who are employed
have more sense because maybe some of them can
be in that described situation.
4. Young people rather stay unemployed than
working for lower wages (which is not
appropriate to their qualification)
 People mostly disagree with the statement
 This can be interesting from the point of view that
youngsters said about themselves that they would
not be satisfied being unemployed. And maybe
some of employed persons think that they work for
lower wages
5. Formal school education system can be the
reason for the grown number of unemployment as
it does not give pragmatic knowledge.
 People mostly strongly agree (students especially) and
agree with this statement .
 If you ask if there is enough pragmatic knowledge,
almost anyone in Croatia will say no. Some students
also disagree. When we look at the distribution of
answers by gender, we can notice that in answer
disagree there are more males then females
 To sum up, listed results show that youths are aware of
this problem, they think about possible solutions and
they continue their education in hope that additional
competency will help them.
JobNet
Interviews with young people and employers
from April to June 2013.
Case study involved 26 people
 five unemployed youth aged 17-22
 five employed young people aged 19-22
 seven experts who have experience in working with young
unemployed people
 five representatives of non-governmental organizations
 five people in public and private sectors that have an
impact on the employment of young people
• education
• good practices
• social issues and
dropping out of
school
1.
UNEMPLOYMENT
 lots of retiring people
limit up to the age of 65
 problem of personal connection
 the lack of knowledge, money and education
 are willing to acept a job outside their profession
 crisis did not help their situation
biggest problems of unemployment
one of the
ABOUT EDUCATION, „PROFESSIONAL TRAINING FOR WORK ”,
SOCIAL ISSUES AND DROPPING OUT OF SCHOOL...
 education need more practice
 too many educated people for the same profession
market saturation
 (PTW)- program with a lot of disadvantages
 social issues- unemployment leads to the bad habits
(spending parents money, doing drugs)
 youth are dropping out of school
have financial or family problems
not motivated,
 „McDonalds”, „Mill and bakery” and „Drogerie Markt”
good practice for employing young people
2.
 financial suport to the family
 more conections (social networks, friends,
coworkers)
 some of them are talented, other are invested in
their education
PROBLEMS ON THE LABOUR MARKET
 employers are exploiting young people
 low wages
difficult work
 no one runs a new business or production- no new
job positions
Employed youth gave their examples
of good practice and they send a
message...
 Good practices in the region: T-com, Applied Ceramics
and Metronet.
persistent  persistent succeed.” (Elvis)
 „ Do not underestimate yourself and do not accept
work below cost.” (Dora)
 „You are successful if you want to be!” (Tomislav)
 „Be
3.
School of
Economics
Sisak
CES (Croatian
Employment
Service)
Chamber of
Comerce
PROFERSSION
ALS
Chamber
of Trade
Faculty of
Economics
About economic situation, the education
system and the labour market...
 the lack of productive investment
reduction
 job destruction enterprises
in the
 fiscal and para-fiscal leives
capacity
production
„Economic Crisis = lack of production = disadvantage
employees young and old.”
 demand side on the labour market = huge problem  leads
to the „brain drain”
 social problemsmore illnesses and addictions, loss of
friends and social contacts, spending time on the computer
and in virtual world
 drop out od school combination of: lack of motivation,
learning problems, other social problems, bad teachers,
lack of professional guidance and economic opportunities
 good practices new companies which dealing with new
technologies (Sano, Selk , PharmaS)
4.
INA
Vatrostalna
Sisak
(Oil industry
Inc.)
Applied
Ceramics Ltd
Ltd
Institutions
Sipas
Galdovo
Ltd
The Ministry
of Defence
About unemployment, oportunities for
work and good practices
 reason of unemployment are in young people negative


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

attitudes
employers need people with work exerienceno need for
the young people
oportunity of hiring via Student service
„BECOME A CADET” project od the Ministry of Defence
INA cooperating with a secondary schools competition
„For the best mentor of the school”
student association eSTUDENT and INA case studies
and other competitions
5.
The Institute
for labour
market
development
(IZTR)
Rugby Club
Arena
Novi svijet
Luščani
NGO’s
eSTUDENT
(student
association)
Croatian
Youth Network
(MMH)
Unemployment problem and
possible solutions by NGO’s
 youth have a problem during the writing CVs  lack of
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information
most of them are inert, avarage and not initiative
young people are mostly seasonally employed (during the
summer in turism)
the big imbalance between the labour market and the
educational system
youth should invest in non-formal education
the rugby club Arena project „Rugby to work”
student assotiation  cooperation with companies
great opportunity
•
•
•
•
•
best practice would be making the labour market
more 'youth friendly‘
Cooperation of local business sector and
education to train young people for specific job
more internship programs in local and national
authorities
Initiating a regional youth guidance program
a career guidance program that involves parents
and young people can reduce youth
unemployment
 1) Some of the respondents think that the youth should
volunteer and gain any experience, they should put an effort in
education and be informed about various job opportunities.

2) Some people can see the solution in changing the law on the
registration of companies and advertising employers
 3) Some of them in the new measures, which allows for easy selfemploying

4) Some of them in the opening new opportunities of education
and employment, joining the European Union
 5) Some of them think that young people should go to the polls
and thus begin to participate in decision-making, and engage in
political and social life

6) Some thinks that they should to invest in themselves and
their competencies, learn languages and acquire new IT skills

7) Some see the solution for the youth in advanced technology,

8) while others see the way out in turning to rural areas and the
revival of rural-urban links

9) Some of them advise them to do a perfect resume, their
advertising brochures and actively seek for a job and the
employment thru non-standard channels

10) Some of them refer them to engage in the work of NGOs and
there to seek their first job
 Volunteering
 Become a cadet!
 Applied ceramics
 a subsidiary of the American company AC which is located
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near SF
registered 2005th, 2006th sent a small group of people to
receive training in America and then reported to the share
capital of the company that could 2008th run real
production plan and to this day it is improving and
developing non-stop to grow into that higher, stronger
company
production of custom made products made of ceramic,
quartz, silicon and sapphire for other industries
40 employees, of which 18 workers under the age of 24
years
started 2008. with the young team and primarily employ
only young people
 This model is positive for young people and anyone
who is thinking about investing, should think in this
way: to decide for specific jobs or high-tech, then
assemble a team of young educated and further
educate them for specific jobs, and provide them with
the opportunity to start their employment in a
completely new modern manufacturing enterprise, in
order right from the start grow along with the business
and become a loyal and responsible workers
 a program 'Cadet‘ for civil-military education
 through this program, cadets expertise in general
subjects adopted at different colleges
 military training is the Military Academy "Petar
Zrinski" through mandatory winter and summer
camps
 access to Basic officer training that prepares them for
the assumption of certain military duties
 Candidates who successfully pass the above selection,
have obligation to sign contract about scholarship with
the MORH, which they formally became cadets OS RH
 Selection - testing the ability of certain candidates during
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their stay at the camp by conducting basic infantry training
Conducted by the 2003rd - 1st generation of cadets to the
academy
220 completed training and became officers CO RH
Experience in education past 10th generation of cadets
confirm the commitment of the Ministry of Defence and
Armed Forces to continue the implementation of this
model of civil-military education
This model is positive - directed to educate and be sure
that they would at the end of education have a job.
.
 volunteer work is unpaid, nonprofit, freely chosen action that occurs in various
forms
 On this meaning was based the definition of volunteerism adopted by the
Republic of Croatia (Law on Volunteering NN 58/07)
 "Volunteering is the purpose of this Act, a voluntary personal investment of
time, effort, knowledge and skills to perform services or activities for the
benefit of another person or the general public, and shall be held by persons in
the manner provided in this Act, without the existence of conditions of
payment of monetary compensation or other material benefit for volunteering
done, unless this Act provides otherwise. "
 According to the European manifesto on volunteering - activity that takes free
will of the individual and personal choice and motivation, no desire for
financial gain; in an organized setting (within NGOs, volunteer centers, more
or less organized informal groups) in order to help other people and society as
a whole, contributing to common values, no personal interest (although
volunteers from the same benefits to the person who volunteers).
 Volunteering through active participation in society, with
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the aim of initiating a proactive change in society, it is a
newer form of volunteering in Croatia
usually refers to the active participation in political, nonprofit organizations, informal civic initiatives and
stakeholders
new approaches to organized volunteering
Mainly volunteer activities carried out by civil society
organizations and institutions of health and social care in
this way increase the quantity and quality of their activities
and services
an opportunity to acquire new competencies and develop
new life skills, solves the problem of gaining experience,
especially if it is related to the profession
 1) All young people should get good professional
orientation in elementary school, to avoid later giving up
from school and to start early development of later
required competencies for specific jobs
 2) Every employer under the law should have developed
program to train some number of interns
 3) Young people should join by their professions and open
production facilities and the state should help them in
many ways
 4) All kinds of NGOs can and should develop some
programs for young and unemployed people which will
help them to seek and find job
 5) Volunteering is great way to start, so there should
be much more companies and NGOs where young
people can gain experience
 6) Young people after finishing school should stay in
contact with their school until they find a job, just to
stay in touch with their generation, profession and
have place where they belong.
 7) Local schools and companies and NGOs should be
linked in some way to avoid the over- or undereducated people for certain professions. In perfect
situation young would be trained to pre-determined
positions.
Reaserach team of LDA Sisak