Transcript 7 - Human Anatomy

Chapter
19
The Endocrine
System
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by Agnes Yard and
Michael Yard
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following is a steroid hormone secreted by
the kidney in response to the presence of parathyroid
hormone?
a. renin (enzyme)
b. calcitonin
c. calcitriol
d. erythropoietin
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following reproductive hormones support
follicle maturation, the development of female
secondary sex characteristics, and associated
behaviors?
a. progestins
b. inhibin
c. estrogens
d. androgens
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Which of the following endocrine glands undergoes
atrophy during adulthood?
a. thyroid gland
b. parathyroid glands
c. pineal gland
d. thymus
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regarding clinical implications of endocrine
malfunctions, which syndrome is associated with
underproduction of insulin by the pancreas?
a. diabetes mellitus
b. myxedema
c. Addison’s disease
d. diabetes insipidus
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Insulin is produced by which of the following cells of
the endocrine pancreas?
a. alpha cells
b. beta cells
c. delta cells
d. F cells
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following endocrine structures release the
hormone leptin?
a. suprarenal glands
b. adipose tissue
c. kidney
d. hypothalamus
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following are types of cells found in the
parathyroid glands?
a. transitional cells
b. chief cells
c. oxyphil cells
d. all of the above
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
As we age, tissues may become ________ responsive to
circulating hormones, even though hormone
concentrations (are) ________.
a. more, normal
b. less, increase
c. more, decrease
d. less, normal
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The hypothalamic neurons manufacture ________
(supraoptic nuclei) and ________ (PVN), which, once
released, enter local capillaries and enter the general
circulation.
a. ADH, oxytocin
b. oxytocin, vasopressin
c. oxytocin, ADH
d. b and c
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following hormones assists in the
regulation of calcium ion concentrations in body fluids,
especially during childhood and during physiological
stress such as starvation or pregnancy?
a. calcitonin
b. parathyroid hormone
c. thymosins
d. thyroxine
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following suprarenal regions normally
secretes small amounts of sex hormones called
androgens?
a. suprarenal cortex
b. zona reticularis
c. zona glomerulosa
d. zona fasciculata
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
In the pancreatic islets, ________ cells produce the
hormone ________, which raises blood glucose levels by
increasing the rate of glycogen breakdown, as well as
glucose release by the liver.
a. alpha, glucagon
b. beta, insulin
c. beta, glucagon
d. alpha, insulin
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The catecholamines released by the suprarenal
medullae are examples of which group of hormones?
a. peptide hormones
b. amino acid derivatives
c. eicosanoids
d. steroid hormones
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following results from thyroid hormone
insufficiency during infancy?
a. Grave’s disease
b. cretinism
c. myxedema
d. Cushing’s disease
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Chromaffin cells are large rounded cells innervated by
________ fibers, found in the ________ of the
suprarenal gland.
a. postganglionic sympathetic, medulla
b. preganglionic sympathetic, medulla
c. postganglionic sympathetic, zona fasciculata
d. preganglionic sympathetic, zona reticularis
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Antidiuretic hormone, or ADH, is released in response
to a variety of stimuli, most notably to which of the
following?
a. a rise in the concentration of blood electrolytes, or a
rise in blood volume or pressure
b. a fall in the concentration of blood electrolytes, or a
rise in blood volume or pressure
c. a fall in the concentration of blood electrolytes, or a
fall in blood volume or pressure
d. a rise in the concentration of blood electrolytes, or a
fall in blood volume or pressure
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which hormone increases the rate of cellular
metabolism and oxygen consumption in almost every
cell of the body, and accounts for roughly 90% of all
thyroid secretions?
a. triiodothyronine (T3)
b. calcitonin
c. thyroxine (T4)
d. thymosin
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Which of the following is caused by hyposecretion of
corticosteroids, especially glucocorticoids?
a. Cushing’s disease
b. Grave’s disease
c. Addison’s disease
d. acromegaly
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following adenohypophyseal hormones
induces ovulation in women and promotes the ovarian
secretion of progestins, to prepare the body for possible
pregnancy?
a. luteinizing hormone
b. growth hormone
c. prolactin
d. follicle-stimulating hormone
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which pancreatic islet cell type(s) produces growthhormone-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)?
a. beta cells
b. delta cells
c. alpha cells
d. F cells
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Aldosterone is produced in which suprarenal region?
a. zona reticularis
b. zona fasciculata
c. suprarenal cortex
d. zona glomerulosa
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The pineal gland is part of the ________, and contains
special secretory cells called ________.
a. thalamus, melanocytes
b. epithalamus, pinealocytes
c. thalamus, pinealocytes
d. epithalamus, melanocytes
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The ________ is also called the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland, and it contains the axons and axon
terminals of ________ neurons.
a. neurohypophysis, hypothalamic
b. adenohypophysis, hippocampal
c. adenohypophysis, hypothalamic
d. neurohypophysis, hippocampal
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following endocrine structures produces
hormones THAT target lymphocytes and have an effect
on the maturation and functional competence of the
immune system?
a. thyroid
b. parathyroids
c. thymus
d. neurohypophysis
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which region of the adenohypophysis represents the
major portion of the pituitary gland?
a. pars intermedia
b. pars tuberalis
c. pars distalis
d. pars nervosa
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings