Transcript Document

Annual Sigma Xi Student Competition, April 16, 2009
Structural, Magnetic, and Functional
Behaviors of Polymer-bonded Ni-Co-Mn-In
Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Composites
D. M. Liu1,2, Z. H. Nie2, Y. Ren3, J. Pearson4,
P. K. Liaw1, Y. D. Wang2
1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
2 Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education),
Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
3 X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
4 Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
ACKNOWLEDGES
 This work is supported by the National Science Foundation
Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training
(IGERT) Program, and the International Materials Institutes
(IMI) Program.
 This work is supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50725102 and 50531020)
and the Ministry of Education of China with the Specialized
Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of High Education.
 Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357.
OUTLINES
 Excellence & Disadvantages of Ferromagnetic Shape
Memory Alloys (FSMAs) Ni2MnGa & Ni-Co-Mn-In
 Motivation of Preparing Ferromagnetic Ni-Co-Mn-InPolymer (NCMI-P) Composite
 Fabrication and Micrograph of NCMI-P Composite
 Magnetic Properties of NCMI-P Composite
 Synchrotron Studies of NCMI-P Composite with
Temperature, Stress, Magnetic Field
 Conclusions
Critical Scientific Issue
 Excellent Functional Performance:
FSMAs
Ni2MnGa
Ni45Co5Mn36.6In13.4
MFIS
 9%
Mechanism
(Single Crystal)
Magnetic-field-induced
Reorientation of
Martensitic Variants
 3%
Magnetic-field-induced
Reverse Phase Transition
(Single Crystal)
 Disadvantage in Practical Application:
Polycrystalline: Brittle, low MFIS
Single Crystal: High Cost
Blocking Stress
 2-5MPa
 100 MPa
MOTIVATION
Ni45Co5Mn36.6In13.4
Magnetic Particles
Nonmagnetic Matrix
Polymer
Composite
N. Scheerbaum, D. Hinz, et.al., Acta Mater. 55, 2707 (2007).
J. Feuchtwanger, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 2005.
Fabrication of Polymer-bonded Ni-Co-Mn-In
Composite with Magnetic Field
Ni45Co5Mn36.6In13.4
powders by ball-milling
Epoxy resin
Final Volume Ratio≈1:1
Diameter ≈ 12 mm; Height ≈ 5 mm
Microstructures of NiCoMnIn-Polymer Composite
Optical Microstructure
EBSD Mapping
(b)
(a)
A
50 m
20 m
Magnetic Properties of NiCoMnIn Composite
100
20
90
18
0.05 T
1T
3T
5T
80
△M
14
70
12
60
10
50
8
40
Heating
50
100
2
As
150
200
250
Temperature, K
△M(5T) ≈ 35 emu/g
6
4
Mf
Cooling
30
20
Af
Ms
Magnetization, emu/g
Magnetization, emu/g
16
300
0
350
△M(0.05T) ≈ 2.5 emu/g
In-situ Synchrotron X-ray Study of Martensite transition
Contour Graph 9
During Cooling With/Without
Magnetic
Contour Graph 11 Field
Contour Graph 9
300
250 T
250
M(127)
250
200
200
200
150
150
100
2.6
150
100
50
50
50
2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4
2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4
2 ()
150
50
100
100
2.6
5 T
250
200
Y Data
Y Data
Temperature (K)
300
0 T
P(220)
Y Data
300
300
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
X Data
.05
.10
.15
.20
.25
.30
.35
.40
2.6
2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4
2.6 2.8 23.0() 3.2 3.4
X Data
X Data
In-situ Synchrotron X-ray Study of Martensite transition
During Cooling With/Without Magnetic Field
Im/Ip_0T, decrea
Im/Ip_0T, increa
Im/Ip_5T (decrea
Im/Ip_5T (increa
0.5
Area Ratio:
0T
I M (127)
I P (220)
Area Ratio
0.4
0.3
0.2
5T
0.1
0.0
0
50
100
150
200
Temperature, K
250
300
5 T:
Parent & Martensite
phase coexist
at low temperature
In-situ Uniaxial Compression Experiments
Using High-energy X-ray
Intensity (normalized)
Intensity, normalized
(040)M
Stress = 8 MPa
Intensity, normalized
(normalized)
Intensity
Martensite
(040)
Heusler
(331)
118
8
21.4
37.9
42.9
45.3
52
61.4
69.2
MPa76.8
90.2
102.4
110.7
117.7
117.3
8 MPa
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
2-theta, deg
2-theta
(o)
4.45
4.50
118 MPa
8 MPa
2
3
4
2-theta
)
2-theta,(odeg
5
6
8 MPa
42.9 MPa
110.7 MPa
117.3 MPa
0.9
0.8
2 theta=4.36
0.45
Integrated Intensity
Integrated Intensity
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1
0.10
0.0
0.05
10
20
30
40
2 theta = 3.52
0.40
0.7
0
8 MPa
42.9 MPa
110.7 MPa
117.3 MPa
50
Azimuth, deg
60
70
80
90
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Azimuth, deg
Different martensite variants grow in the different orientation!
70
80
90
Compression-induced Textured Martensite
(b)
360
040
127
0 4 14
Azimuth angle (o)
Transverse direction
200
0 0 14
Loading direction
0
(4 0 0)p
(2 2 0)p
2
(4 2 2)p
Macrostrain, %
Vm
Strain
35
Macrostrain (%)
Macrostrain
12
30
10
25
8
20
6
4
15
2
10
Vm (%)
of Martensite (%)
Average Volume
14
≈ 70 MPa
0
0
20
40
60
80
Stress(MPa)
(MPa)
Stress
100
120
5
① Volume of Martensite was evaluated from the relative integral intensity
of martensitic peak (040)
Remained macrostrain εr=3.88%
② After unloading
Remained Vm=16.3%
In-situ Synchrotron X-ray Study of Reverse
Martensite Transition under a Magnetic Field
Volume of Martensite
Linear Fit of Data1_N
m
%
VolumeVof ,Martensite,
%
30
Experiment
Line fitting
25
Calculated only by Im
Vm= -2.91063H+ 24.73432
Unloading
20
3.88%
15
6.5 T
10
1.94%
5
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Magnetic
Field,
T
Magnetic
field,
H(T)
M = 6.5 T:
△Vm ≈ 20%
Recovery strain
1.94%
Magnetic-field-induced Strain Recovery Through
Reverse Martensite Transition
5.0
Vm
Residual Strain
25
4.5
Recovery strain: 1.75%
4.0
20
3.5
15
3.0
10
2.5
5
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Magnetic field, H (T)
X Axis Title
5
6
7
2.0
Residual Strain (%)
Volume of Martensite (%)
Y Axis Title
30
Conclusion
Point 1:
The magnetic field blocked the martensite transformation within
Ni45Co5Mn36.6In13.4-polymer composite, caused the parent and martensite
coexist even at very low temperature.
Point 2:
The Ni45Co5Mn36.6In13.4-polymer composite showed a stress-induced
martensitic phase-transformation during a uniaxial compressive
deformation with high ductility.
Point 3:
A residual strain of 3.88% remained after unloading. A magnetic-fieldinduced strain recovery of 2% was observed in this pre-strained
composite. This is attributed to the magnetic-field-induced reverse
martensitic transformation.
Point 4:
The large magnetic-field-induced strain, together with good ductility
and low cost, make the Ni-Co-Mn-In composites potential candidates for
practical magnetic actuators.
Thank you very much!
I appreciate your
suggestions and comments!