Transcript Slide 1

The status of geospatial data
for natural resource
management and food security
assessment in the SADC
Region
T. Tamuka Magadzire
USGS/Famine Early Warning System Network
SADC Regional Remote Sensing Unit
CODATA: 5-7 September 2005; Pretoria, South Africa
Outline
• Classifications
• Potential Usage
• Some data-holding institutions
• Case study on SADC RRSU & USGS/FEWSNET
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Data holdings
Data distribution
Data updating
User Access to Data
Data User Community
• Conclusion
Classifications
• Distinction between thematic/baseline datasets and EO
satellite datasets
• Thematic:
– variations in a specific data theme over geographic space
– Frequency of updating depends on time for evolution, and
effort/resources required
• Satellite datasets
– Sometimes considered a method of data collection for the
generation of other interpreted datasets with specific application
– Production of interpreted datasets requires ground-truthing
Classifications
Data Theme
Examples
Administrative/political boundaries
Countries; provinces; districts; cities
Agriculture
Agro-ecological zones; farming systems; crop zones
Climate
rainfall; temperature; humidity; radiation etc
Ecology
Vegetation; Biodiversity; Protected areas; Wetlands; Plant/animal species
occurrence and distribution
Economics
Production; trade; markets
Elevation & derivatives
DEM; spot heights; contours; watershed delineations
Hydrology
Inland water resources - ground-water; surface water reservoirs; stream
networks
Geology
bedrock geology; geophysics (e.g. magnetics); minerals; hazards
earthquakes
Soils
Soil types; water holding capacities
Cadastral
Land/property boundaries
Infrastructure
Transportation; Utilities; Structures; Facilities Health Centres; schools
Demographic
Population; Population densities; Population clusters
Health
History and spread of various disease & epidemic outbreaks
Landuse/landcover
Land use; land cover
Potential usage
• Primary benefit of geospatial data is for
the production of information that will
assist in the process of informed decision
making
• Many disciplines can benefit from usage of
geospatial data
• Some examples:
Potential usage
• Administrative applications: effectiveness of current
administrative boundaries in relation to population and
resource distribution can be assessed
• Agricultural applications: Agro-ecological zoning assists
in planning of agricultural development initiatives
• Climate applications: applicable in different disciplines,
e.g.:
– Simulating crop development under seasonal patterns to provide
food security early warning
– Predicting potential for malaria outbreak by identifying areas
where climate favors mosquito breeding
• Natural resource management: Hydrological modelling in
context of watershed management to facilitate equitable
distribution of water to industrial, agricultural, domestic,
ecological stakeholders
• etc etc etc…
Potential usage
• EO datasets
– Production of thematic datasets such as land
cover and land use, elevations, infrastructure
– Regular monitoring of resources and
phenomenon such as
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Vegetation
Deforestation
Meteorological forecasting
Rainfall estimation
Crop development through the season
etc etc etc…
Data producers/distributors
• Institutions with data on southern Africa
can be classified into
– Global
– Regional
– National
• Some few examples (not exhaustive) are
listed
Data producers/distributors
• Global
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Global data providers include the following:
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
U.S. Geological Survey
Dartmouth Flood Observatory
European Space Agency
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Authority (NASA)
U.S. National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA)
University of Maryland Global Land Cover Facility (GLFC) ???
Pennsylvania State University Libraries (Digital Chart of the
World)
Data producers/distributors
• Regional
– SADC Regional Remote Sensing Unit
– World Wide Fund for Nature – Southern Africa
Regional Program Office
– South Africa Satellite Applications Centre
Data producers/distributors
• National – includes national mapping agencies
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Angola: Institute Geodesia e Cartograia de Angola
Botswana: Department of Surveys and Mapping
Lesotho: Lands and Survey, Physical Planning
Malawi: Surveys Department
Mozambique: The National Directorate of Geography
and Cadastre (DINAGECA)
South Africa: Chief Directorate Surveys and Mapping
Swaziland: Surveyor General’s Department
Tanzania: Surveys and Mapping Division
Zambia: Surveyor General, Survey of Zambia
Zimbabwe: The Department of Surveyor-General
Data producers/distributors
• National (cont)
– Issues include the conversion of hardcopy
map database to digital format; completion
differs between institutes
– Other national institutes also maintain
geospatial data (e.g. meteorological
departments maintain climate data
– Access issues…
Case studies
• SADC Regional Remote Sensing Unit
• USGS/FEWSNET activity
The Regional Remote Sensing
Unit (RRSU)
• A component of the SADC Regional Early
Warning System in the FANR Directorate
• Objective to strengthen national and regional
capabilities in the area of Remote Sensing and
GIS for use in early warning for food security
and natural resources and disaster management
within the SADC Region.
– Monitors weather, crops and vegetation using satellite
images and GIS techniques at regional level. Trains
national institutions to do the same at Member State
level.
– Maintains geospatial databases to facilitate analysis
for FS EW and NRM
The SADC Region
RRSU Principal contact institutions
• National Meteorological Services (NMSs).
• National Early Warning Units (NEWUs).
• National Disaster Management Units.
RRSU Technology Partners
SADC REWS, Units, Projects and Directorates
Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN
USAID Famine Early Warning System Network
United States Geological Survey
US National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
… and others.
RRSU Data holdings
• comprises both baseline datasets and
earth observation datasets, compiled from
a variety of sources
• uniform regional standard vector data set
for SADC at a scale of 1:1 million was
compiled as part of this dataset
– originated from the DCW
– updated using inputs from the SADC
countries
RRSU Data holdings
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Administrative (borders, subnational boundaries, cities)
Elevation
Land use and land cover
Hydrology (water bodies, rivers, lakes)
Infrastructure (roads, railroads, bridges, airports, utility
lines)
Soil
Agriculture (crop zone maps)
Climate (rainfall, temperature etc)
Demography
Satellite images
RRSU Data holdings
Administrative
Infrastructure
National borders of SADC countries
Roads in SADC countries
Sub-national boundaries of SADC countries
Railroads in SADC countries
National borders of SADC countries (FAO/GIEWS version)
Road and Railroad Bridges in SADC countries
Level 1 sub-national boundaries of SADC countries (FAO/GIEWS version)
Airports in SADC countries
Major cities and towns of SADC countries (FAO/GIEWS version)
Utility lines in SADC countries
Cities and towns of SADC countries
Soil
Urbanised areas of SADC countries
Soil types in SADC countries
Cultural landmarks of SADC countries
Agriculture
Elevation
Crop zone maps of SADC countries (FAO/GIEWS version)
Digital elevation model
Crop harvest dates of SADC countries (FAO/GIEWS version)
Elevation contours in SADC countries
Crop planting dates of SADC countries (FAO/GIEWS version)
Spot elevations in SADC countries
Historical crop statistics for the SADC countries
Land use and land cover
Crop Water Satisfaction index (1996 – 2005)
Land cover areas of SADC countries
Start of rainfall season estimates (1996 - 2005)
Forest types in SADC countries
Climate
Managed areas (including national parks) in SADC countries
Dekadal, long term average: rainfall, temperature, evapotranspiration
Centre points of managed areas in SADC countries
Monthly, long term average: radiation, humidity, wind
Hydrology
Satellite Rainfall estimates from 1995 to 2005
Small water bodies of SADC countries
Demography
Rivers of SADC countries
Population for SADC countries, by province
Surface water bodies of SADC countries
Satellite images
Perennial and non-perennial water layers in SADC countries
MODIS imagery (2000-2005)
Wetland types in SADC countries
AVHRR NDVI vegetation images (1981-2005)
Lakes of SADC countries
Landsat imagery: regional coverage for 1970s, 1990s, 2000s
Small islands and lakes of SADC countries
ASTER (partial SADC coverage) imagery for late 2001, early 2002, and 2003
Small coastal islands of SADC countries
Meteosat thermal infrared and cold-cloud duration imagery
SPOT-4 VGT NDVI vegetation images (1998-2005)
RRSU Data updating
• Satellite datasets updated at different intervals
– Some satellite based datasets updated every 10 days
(NDVI, rainfall estimates, water balance outputs)
– Other freely available, larger datasets (e.g. MODIS,
ASTER) updated less regularly, when available
• Baseline vector datasets updated as and when
available, through interaction with collaborating
national partners
Famine Early Warning System Network
• FEWSNET Partners
• FEWSNET Vision
– To strengthen the abilities of African countries and
regional organizations to manage threats of food
insecurity,through the provision of timely and
analytical early warning and vulnerability information.
Famine Early Warning System Network
• FEWSNET Coverage in Africa
FEWSNET/USGS Activity
• The USGS FEWSNET activity focuses on
– production and distribution of geospatial data for food
security early warning analysis
– building capacity among national and regional
institutions for geospatial analysis supporting EW
• As FEWSNET aims to build and support existing
local networks, USGS works closely with
existing regional institutions
– Southern Africa: SADC RRSU
– East Africa: RCMRD
– West Africa: AGRHYMET
FEWS NET operations and
linkages w.r.t satellite data
World
SADC RRSU
FEWSNET/USGS Activity
• Through partners, FEWSNET routinely
produces, maintains, archives, and distributes
geo-spatial data related to food security.
• Data regularly produced includes satellite data
and derivatives useful for monitoring vegetation
(AVHRR NDVI), rainfall (satellite-based
quantitative rainfall estimates) and crop
development (crop water balance model
products).
• Data and information distributed via e-mail and
by web (http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds)
Africa Data Dissemination Service
http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds
User Access
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Defining user access to information
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Access versus availability. Information may not be
accessible from available data.
Geospatial information is accessible when
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The user has an awareness of the existence of the data
The user has an awareness of the potential of the data to
address their problem
The user can access the capacity to process the data,
either through personal skill, or through an awareness of
the location of the skill required to produce the desired
results
User Access
• Web presence:
– USGS/FEWSNET:
(http://earlywarning.usgs.gov)
– SADC RRSU: currently transferring their web
pages onto sadc.int website
• Metadata uploaded to clearinghouse
nodes
• Workshops to address info access
issues…
User Access
• Workshops
– National and regional Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) workshops to
train users on the establishment of SDIs, the utility and production of
geospatial metadata, and the use of clearinghouses.
– National user-producer workshops, to make data users aware of
available information, and to make data producers aware of user’s
needs.
– Annual training workshops for agrometeorologists on the use of remote
sensing and GIS in agrometeorological applications to early warning for
food security
– Awareness-raising workshops and presentations to practitioners in
various fields that could potentially utilize GIS and remote sensing for
early warning, including disaster management authorities, agroeconomists, agro-statisticians, and other early-warning practitioners
– Special training workshops to provide training on the use of low-tomedium resolution satellite imagery in natural resources management
Spatial Data Infrastructure
• SDI is the relevant base collection of technologies,
policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the
availability of and access to spatial data – GSDI cookbook
• NSDIs in the SADC region are at different levels of
development, ranging from very low, to complete
• RRSU has undertaken RSDI efforts covering SADC
countries, seeking synergies with other institutions
working in related activities
– EIS Africa
– UNEP and SARDC (through AEIN)
– GSDI and USGS/EROS (through EINFORM program)
User Community
• The USGS/FEWSNET and SADC RRSU’s data
user community is a diverse group
• Users who regularly receive satellite image
updates include
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Meteorological departments
National early warning units
Agricultural departments and institutions
UN organizations
Conservation institution
• Other collaborators include academic
community
User Community
• Interaction with users has exposed
– a great demand for training in the handling of
geospatial data
– challenges from resource availability to
acquire appropriate software
To round up…
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A lot of geo-spatial data resources available, but...
SDI needs to be promoted
Updating of datasets required
Awareness of data among potential users and
relevant decision makers
• Resources for geospatial data analysis
• Studies to show potential economic benefits of
geospatial data
• Discipline-specific training programs