Transcript POETRY - TypePad

POETRY
 A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings,
or tells a story in a specific form (usually using
lines and stanzas)
Types of Poetry
•
Dramatic Poetry builds action though dialogue or
monologue (traditionally for theatrical performance).
•
Narrative Poetry tells a story (ballads and epics).
•
Lyrical Poetry is the most common type of poetry. It
expresses the personal thoughts, emotions (such as love
or grief), mood of a single speaker.
POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY
POET
SPEAKER
The poet is the author
of the poem.
The speaker of the poem is the
“narrator” of the poem.
The poet Langston Hughes
describes the difficult life of
a single mother in his poem
“Mother to Son.”
In Langston Hughes’s poem
“Mother to Son,” the speaker
begs her son to keep climbing
the crystal stairs no matter how
hard life gets.
Shall we listen to the poem?
POETRY FORM
 FORM - the
appearance of the words
on the page
A word is dead
When it is said,
Some say.
 LINE - a group of
words together on one
line of the poem
 STANZA - a group of
lines arranged together
I say it just
Begins to live
That day.
KINDS OF STANZAS
Couplet
Tercet
Quatrain
Quintet
Sestet
Septet
Octave
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
a two line stanza
a three line stanza
a four line stanza
a five line stanza
a six line stanza
a seven line stanza
an eight line stanza
SOUND
RHYTHM
 Rhythm is the beat created by the pattern of
sounds made by the words in a poem.
 Rhythm can be created by meter and rhyme
as well as alliteration and refrain.
METER
 A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Stressed = strong or accented syllable
Unstressed = weak or unaccented syllable
 Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed
syllables of the words in a poem are arranged
in a repeating pattern, which the poet repeats
throughout the poem.
x ´ x
x
´
´ x ´ x ´
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day
Thou art more lovely and more temperate
RHYME
 Words that sound alike because they share the same
ending vowel and consonant sounds.
 (A word always rhymes with itself.)
LAMP
STAMP
 Share the short “a”
vowel sound
 Share the combined “mp”
consonant sound
END RHYME
A word at the end
of one line rhymes
with a word at the
end of another
line.
Hector the Collector
Collected bits of string.
Collected dolls with broken heads
And rusty bells that would not ring.
– from “Hector the Collector” by Shel Silverstein
INTERNAL
RHYME
A word inside a
line rhymes with
another word on
the same line.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while
I pondered weak and weary.
– from “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe
SLANT
RHYME
The words share
EITHER the same
vowel or consonant
sound BUT NOT
BOTH.
Slant rhyme can also be
called half or
approximate rhyme
Yo it kind of make me think of way back when,
I was a portrait of the artist as a young man,
All those teenage dreams of rapping,
Writing rhymes on napkins,
Was really visualization, making this here
actually happen,
– from “Memories Live” by Talib Kweli
More: Rose/lose, how/show, south/both
RHYME
SCHEME
A rhyme scheme is
a pattern of rhyme.
Use the letters of
the alphabet to
represent sounds
to be able to
visually “see” the
pattern.
The Germ
A mighty creature is the germ,
a
Though smaller than the pachyderm.
a
His customary dwelling place
b
Is deep within the human race.
b
His childish pride he often pleases c
By giving people strange diseases. c
Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?
a
You probably contain a germ.
a
– by Ogden Nash
SOUND EFFECTS
ONOMATOPOEIA
 Words that imitate the sound they are naming
BUZZ! FIZZ! SMASH! CRACKLE!
OR
 A combination of words that gives the impression of
echoing the sense of objects or actions.
“The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of
each purple curtain . . .”
ALLITERATION
 The repetition of the same sound – usually
consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?
CONSONANCE
 Similar to alliteration
EXCEPT . . .
 The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in
the words
“silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “
ASSONANCE
 Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry,
which often creates slant rhyme.
Lake/Fate
Base/Fade
(All share the long “a” sound.)
“Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.”
– John Masefield
“Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”
– William Shakespeare
FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
SIMILE
 An explicit comparison of two different things,
actions or feelings using like, as, than or
resembles.
I wandered lonely as a cloud.
He laughs like a hyena.
She is as beautiful as a sunrise.
METAPHOR
 An implied comparison between two basically
different things, ideas or actions. Unlike a simile,
it is not introduced with the words like or as.
… if dreams die, Life is a broken-winged bird.
– Langston Hughes
All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.
– William Shakespeare
EXTENDED
METAPHOR
sustains the
comparison
for several
lines or for the
entire length
of the poem.
A free bird leaps
on the back of the wind
and floats downstream
till the current ends
and dips his wing
in the orange sun rays
and dares to claim the sky…
The caged bird sings
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
– from “Caged Bird” by Maya Angelou
Hyperbole
 Deliberate exaggeration or overstatement often used
for emphasis or comic effect.
Why does a boy who’s fast as a jet
Take all day—and sometimes two—
To get to school?
— "Speed Adjustments” by John Ciardi
PERSONIFICATION
A figure of speech
in which an
animal, idea or
object are referred
to as if they are
human and given
human-like
qualities.
My idea walked right out my head.
SYMBOLISM
When a person,
place, thing, or
event that has
meaning in itself
also represents,
or stands for,
something else
usually an idea or
emotion.
Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
– from “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night”
by Dylan Thomas
Allusion
 A reference to a well-
known place, event,
literary work, or work of
art.
 Allusion comes from the
verb “allude” which
means to refer to.
A tunnel walled and overlaid
With dazzling crystal: we had
read
Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous
cave,
And to our own his name we
gave.
– from “Snowbound”
by John Greenleaf Whittier
IMAGERY
 Language that appeals to
the senses.
 Most images are visual,
but they can also appeal
to the senses of sound,
touch, taste, or smell.
Sundays too my father got up
early
And put his clothes on in the
blueback cold,
then with cracked hands that
ached
from labor in the weekday
weather made
banked fires blaze. No one ever
thanked him.
– from “Those Winter Sundays”
by Robert Hayden
MOOD
The overall
atmosphere or
prevailing
emotional feeling
of a work.
Deep into that darkness peering, long I
stood there wondering, fearing,
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal
ever dared to dream before
But the silence was unbroken, and the
darkness gave no token...
– from “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe