Transcript The comparative paremiology (study of proverbs) shows that

SYNONYMS
Tr/Eng Words
CONCEPTS
Words/Idioms/Proverbs
DOUBT
v [kuşkulu olmak, kuşkulanmak]: I have reason to
doubt your excuse for being late. DISBELIEVE
[inanmamak, güvenmemek]: I have always disbelieved
anything he tells me. DISTRUST [inanmamak,
güvenmemek]: I distrust her claim that she won the
race. QUERY [araştırmak]: You should qwuery her story
about her rich parents. QUESTION [sorgulamak,
kuşkulu olmak]: I question the truth of that story. TAKE
WITH A GRAIN OF SALT [kuşkuyla karşılamak]: I
take the things he says with a grain of salt. TR
duraksamak, huylanmak, pirelenmek, şüphelenmek,
tereddüt etmek
DREAMY
adj [dalgın]: He had a dreamy look on his face as he
thought about his holidays. ABSENT-MINDED
[dalgın]: An absent-minded person puts on different
coloured socks. He looked at the picture with an absentmindned expression on his face. BEMUSED [uyuşuk]:
While our teacher read the story my friend had a
bemused look on his face. HALF-ASLEEP [yarı uykulu,
dalgın]: Because you were half-asleep you missed the
joke. INATTENTIVE [dikkatini vermeyen]: You were
very inattentive when I gave out the instructions for the
exam. PREOCCUPIED [dalıp gitmiş]: I was so
preoccupied I didnt hear a word you said. TR dikkatsiz,
gafil
FREE
adj [özgür]: In a democracy, people are free to express their opinions.
OPEN [açıksözlü]: He was quite open about trying to take my place in the
play. SPONTANEOUS [içten, kendiliğinden]: Her spontaneous smile
broke all the ice between us. UNCONVENTIONAL [geleneklere
uymayan]: It used to be unconventional for young unmarried couples to
go out alone, but this custom has now changed. UNINHIBITED
[kurallara uymayan, özgürce yapılan]: Her uninhibited behaviour drew a
lot of criticism from her relatives. WILD [çılgın, gürültülü]: The parents
had to stop the wild party of the young people because the music was too
loud. TR azade, azat, bağımsız, hür, başıboş, serbest FREE v [serbest
bırakmak]: I want to free my caged parrot but it may not survive in the
wild. DELIVER [kurtarmak]: The rescuers delivered me from certain
death as my raft neared the waterfall. EMANCIPATE [özgürlüğüne
kavuştUrmak]: The army liberated the enemy-occupied town. RELEASE
[serbest bırakmak]: The convicted man was released when new evidence
was brought forward. RESCUE [kurtarmak]: We told the police our plan
to rescue our kidnapped friend. TR çıkarmak, çözmek, göndermek,
koyuvermek, salıvermek, salmak
FRIGHTEN
v [korkutmak]: The barking dog frightened the baby.
ALARM [ürkütmek]: The smell of smoke in the house
alarmed me. PETRIFY [ödünü patlatmak]: The snarling
dog petrified me. SCARE [ödünü koparmak]: The loud
clap of thunder scared us all. TERRIFY [korkutmak]:
The sound of someone trying to open the back door
terrified me. TERRORISE [korkurtmak, yıldırmak]: The
burglars terrorised the old lady so much that she gave
them all her money. TR titretmek, sindirmek, ürkütmek,
yıldırmak
HIDE
v [gizlemek]: He knew he had to hide the disaster from
his wife. CAMOUFLAGE [gizlemek]: He had left his
radio on to camouflage his absence from the room.
CONCEAL [saklamak]: She concealed the present at
the top of the cupboard. COVER [kapamak, gizlemek]:
She covered her face with her hands so we couldn’t see
her tears. DISGUISE [kimliğini saklamak, gizlemek]: I
disguised byself by wearing a wig. She tried to disguise
her anger by smiling sweetly. MASK [gizlemek]: We
laughed and joked our annoyance at her rude comment.
TR saklamak, kamufle etmek, örtmek, maskelemek,
örtbas etmek
INCREASE
v [artmak]: The population of Australia increases every
year. ACCUMULATE [birikmek, toplanmak]: Don’t let
oo much junk accumulate on your desk. EXPAND
[genişlemek]: The more he blew into the balloon, the
more it expandned. GROW [büyümek, genişlemek]:
The town began to grow when gold was discovered
nearby. MOUNT [artmak]: Our costs are mounting
evrey day. MULTIPY [çoğalmak]: Every time you put
some money in the bank, your savings multiply. TR
birikmek, bollanmak, çoğalmak, fazlalaşmak, üremek,
yoğunlaşmak
INTENSE
adj [şiddetli]: I couldn’t walk when I sprained my ankle
because of the intense pain. PASSIONATE [coşkun,
ateşli]: She had a passionate belief in her plan to
encourage everybody to turn away from the ordinary
cannibalistic diet. PROFOUND [derin anlamı olan]: We
thought for a long time about the ministers’ profound
words. SEVERE [katı, sert]: A hundred years ago
punishments were severer; a man could be imprisoned
for stealing bread. VIOLENT [sert, ateşli]: His violent
temper scared us. VIVID [canlı, renkli]: She is always
telling unbelievable stories based on her vivid
imagination. TR güçlü, yoğun
KNOW
v [bilmek]: People are confident they know a great many things,
though they should realize how little they know. COMPREHEND
[anlamak]: Explained in this way, the theory will be more difficult
to comprehend. DISTINGUISH [düşüncede ayırmak]: Being
politically motivated, he couldn’t distinguish terrorism both from
vandalism and from crimes of violence. LEARN [öğrenmek]: I
want to learn how to use a computer. RECOGNIZE [kabul etmek,
benimsemek, tanımak]: Society has begun to recognize that
economic progress involves not only changes in machinery but also
in man. It has been years, so I don’t think I would be able to
recognize him if we met. UNDERSTAND [anlamak]: It is
understood from the letter that the European Union wants Turkey
to solve the Cyprus problem by peaceful means. TR tanımak,
sezmek, anlamak, öğrenmek
KNOWLEDGE
n [bilgi]: People should have both theoretical and practical
knowledge, and this can be acquired with some difficulty.
COMPREHENSION [anlama gücü]: The way to solve the problem
is really beyond my comprehension. EDUCATION [eğitim,
öğretim]: Improvements in health care make investment in
education more rewarding by extending life expectancy.
ENLIGHTENMENT [bilgi, aydınlanma]: In our age of
enlightenment, political mean should be implemented to resolve
differences, and not torture, violence and terrorism. The
Renaissance and Reform movements led to the Age of
Enlightenment. INFORMATION [bilgi]: I need more information
to analyze the nature of reactionary ideologies. LEARNING [bilgi,
kültür]: Wisdom consists of learning and judgment.
SCHOLARSHIP [titiz araştırmacılık]: He is an academic of
intelligence and scholarship. TR açıklama, bilim, izahat, kültür
MIXTURE
n [karışım]: We need a mixture of food in our diet to keep healthy.
ASORTMENT [çeşit]: We have a wide assortment of candies you
can choose from. HOTCHPOTCH, HODGEPODGE [karmakarışık
şey]: Her bookshelves were a hotchpotch of books, magazines and
photo albums. The critics says the writer’s last book is a
hotchpotch of his previous short stories. JUMBLE [karmakarışık]:
Her clothes were in a jumble eon tkhe floor. When the pqolice got
in the flat, they found a jumble of clothes and books everywhere.
MEDLEY [ayrı şeylerden oluşan topluluk]: The band played a
medley of jazzmusic. This singer sings a medley of folk and pop
songs. MISCELLANY [karışım, farklı şeylerin birleşimi]: School
magazines are a miscellany of stories and poems of interest to
children. The last part of the book is a miscellany of useful
grammatical information. TR alaşım, bilişim, koalisyon, sentez
NARROW
adj [dar]: The roads in this city are very narrow, because
they were built when cars were not so coımmon in the
country. CLOSE [sıkı]: For this costume, a material wit a
close texture must be used. CONFINED [dar ve sınırlı
mekan, ortam]: The boarding students have to study in a
confined area until the new building is built. CRAMPED
[dar, sıkışık]: The area where the poor live is very
cramped; there are hundreds of tiny houses in a very
small area. SMALL [küçük]: The classrooms in this
building are too small to hold fifty stureds at a time.
TIGHT [sıkı, sıkışık, gergin]: I could not open the old
trunk in the basement because the cover was very tight.
TR az, kısıtlı, kıt, yetersiz
PERMANENT
adj [sürekli]: Permanent snow can be seen on the top of the
highest mountains. ETERNAL [sonsuz]: We are tired and
sick of your eternal complaints. He believes in eternal life
(life after death). EVERLASTING [ölümsüz, sonu gelmez]: I
have not been able to stop her everlasting complaints about
my lack of interest. IMMORTAL [ölümsüz]: The immortal
works of Mevlana will be read and loved by every generation
to come (if the language difficulty could be won, of course).
PERENNIAL [bütün yıl devam eden, uzun süren, sürekli]:
Jill is a perennial trouble-maker and is always being
punished. PERPETUAL [sürekli, aralıksız]: I don’t think we’ll
ever have rain to break this perpetual dought. TR devamlı,
durmaksızın, ebedi, kesintisiz
PERMIT
v [izin vermek]: Dogs are not permitted in the shopping
centre. ADMIT [izin vermek]: This lant does not admit
of any significant improvemet. ALLOW [izin vermek]:
Our boss does not allow us to smoke in the office. LET
[izin vermek]: Don’t let children play with matches.
TOLERATE [hoşgörmek]: I will not tolerate such rude
behaviour. YIELD [izin vermek]: You must yield to
traffic from the left. TR bırakmak
PREFER
v [tercih etmek, yeğlemek]: I prefer caramel topping to
chocolate on my ice-cream. ELECT [seçmek]: I elected
art as my extra subject at school. Our candidate was
unfortunately not elected. FAVOUR [tercih etmek,
yeğlemek, tutmak, beğenmek]: Typesetters in the
publishing industry favour Macintoshes because they are
more user-friendly. OPT FOR [seçmek, yeğlemek]: I opt
for the train becaıuse it is safer than other means of
transportation. SINGLE OUT [seçmek]: They singled
her out for a special award because of the
extrnaordinary performance. TR seçmek, gözüne
kestirmek, ehven bulmak
PURIFY
v [temizlemek, arıtmak]: The food will have to be
purified of all bacteria before it can be eaten. CLEAN
[temizlemek]: A cat cleans itself by licking all its body.
CLEANSE [tertemiz yapmak]: The doctor carefully
cleansed the wound before sticking it. CLEAR
[temizlemek]: Clear all your papers off my desk.
PURGE [arıtmak]: Oil can only be sued after it has
been refinde. WASH [yıkamak]: He washed his hands
with soap and water before he started the operation.
TR saflaştırmak, aklamak, arılamak, dezenfekte etmek
SEARCH
v [araştırmak, aramak]: I searched for a four-leafed clover all summer,
but I couldn’t find one. EXAMINE [gözden geçirmek, incelemek]:
They examined the window frame for the fingerprints of the thief.
HUNT [aramak]: She hunted for her glasses but could not find them.
INVESTIGATE [araştırmak]: Many researchers have investigated the
causes of cancer. LOOK FOR [aramak]: The detective looked for
some clues to solve the mystery. Computer firms are seeking ways to
cramming more bits of information onto tiny silicon chips. PROBE
[araştırmak, incelemek]: He probed the mud with his finger, looking
for the coin he had dropped. The oficial enqiery will probe into
corruption within the state-owned company. QUERY [araştırma
yapmak]: The detective said he would query for more clues.
RANSACK [altını üstüne getirerek bir şey aramak]: When she was
unable to find her diamond ring, she ransacked the entire house
looking for it. SEEK [aramak]: The young man set out for London to
seek his fortune. Those who seek gold have already found it. TR
denetlemek, irdelemek, incelemek
SECRET
adj [gizli]: This is a secret plan to spy on the enemy
activities. CLASSIFIED [gizli]: Lock the classified files
away where no one else can read them. COVERT [gizli,
ima edilen]: He coıuld understand the covert threat in
the letter. CONFIDENTIAL [gizli, özel]: Don’t let
anyone else read this confidential letter. HUSH-HUSH
[gizli]: Their meeting was so hush-hush they won’t even
tell us what it was about. PRIVATE [özel]: I won’t let
anyone read my private diary. TR kapalı, maskeli, zımni
SECRETIVE
adj [ketum, sır saklayan]: She is very secretive about what
she did in the holidays. CAGEY [kurnaz]: She was very
cagey when the detective asked her whether she was there
yesterday afternoon. FURTIVE [gizli]: She gave us a quick,
furtive look and then disappeared through the hole in the
fence. RETICENT [ketum, sinsi, kapalı]: A lot of people dont
like her because she is so reticent about her private life.
STEALTHY [sinsice, gizlice yapılan]: The police became
suspicious although the man tried to be stealthy in his
movements. SURREPTITIOUS [gizli]: He didn’t notice the
surreptitious glance we gave him as we walked past.
UNDERHAND [gizli kapaklı]: They met in the middle of the
night to carry out their underhand dealings in stolen goods.
TR dilsiz, ağzı pek, suskun
SEE
v [görmek]: I see the cows coming across the paddock.
NOTICE [görmek, ayrımına varmak, dikkatini çekmek]: I
haven’t noticed this shape in one corner of the painting. I
noticed immediately the excited look in her face. I noticed she
was wearing a new dress. OBSERVE [izlemek, görmek]:
Douglas observed the hooded men go into the bank and
immediately rang up the police. PERCEIVE [sezmek,
algılamak]: It is difficult to perceive any difference between the
original and copy. It took me some time to perceive what she
meant. VIEW [görmek, izlemek]: We went to the Art Gallery to
view the collection of Constable paintings. WATCH [izlemek,
gözlemek]: Two detectives watched what was going on in front
of the bank. WITNESS [tanık olmak]:We witnessed the
breaking of the European High Jump record. TR algılamak,
sezinlemek, seçmek, müşahede etmek
SENSIBLE
adj [aklı başında, düşünceli]: The sensible boy made sure the cars had
stopped before he stepped onto the crossing. CONSCIOUS [farkında
olan]: We are conscious of the dire coınsequences of drug abuse. He
is very health conscious, so he is very careful about what he eats.
LEVEL-HEADED [sağduyulu]: The level-headed girl quickly got the
class out of the room where the fire started. PRUDENT [sağduyulu,
aklı başında]: Prudent people always lock up their houses when they
go out. RATIONAL [mantıklı düşünen]: Man is a rational animal;
other animals have little power of reason. REASONABLE
[sağduyulu]: Reasonable people don’t leave their keys in their cars.
SAGE [bilge]: The sage old lady advised the young couple to forgive
each other after their quarrel. SOBER [ayık, ciddi]: On more sober
reflection, I gave up the idea of treasure hunting in the desert. WISE
[zeki]: He made a wise decision not to take any notice of all that
negative criticism of his work. Wise people are more careful about
how they spend their time. TR makul, mantıklı
SEVERE
adj [sert, hoşgörüsüz, ciddi]: Don’t be too severe on the
children. The poor weather conditions led to severe food
shortages. ACUTE [şiddetli]: An acute shortage of water
made our life exremely difficult. DRASTIC [keskin]: It is
high time the government took drastic measures to
improve the lives of low-income groups. EXTREME [aşırı,
büyük]: She was in extreme pain and cried. HARSH [sert,
katı]: The new managemet is for harsh punishment of
loafing orkers. RELENTLESS [amansız, acımasız]: The
relentless fury of the waves terrified the passengers on
board. TR ters, şiddetli, dayanıklı, katı
SHAKE
v [sallanmak, sallamak]: The branches of the trees
shook as the wind blew. QUAKE [sallanmak, sallamak,
titremek]: Louise quaked with fear when she saw the
robbers come to the bank. ROCK [sallanmak,
sallamak]: The boat was rocking on the waves.
SHUDDER [ürpermek]: Kate shuddered when she saw
theat the cars couldn’t avoid a collision. TREMBLE
[titremek]: Trevor’s hands trembled as he tried to take
off his snow covrede boots. VIBRATE [titremek]: The
hummingbird’s wings vibrated as it drank the fmower’s
nectar. TR kımıldamak, titremek
SHINE
v [parlamak]: The sun shone all day. BEAM [parlamak]:
The searchlight beamed over the ocean but found
nothing. BLAZE [parlamak, kamaştırmak]: The
headlights of the car blazed into my eyes, and I couldn’t
see anything. BURN [yanmak]: The lighnts in the house
burned all night; they must have had a party. FLARE
[birden alevlenmek ya da parlamak]: All was dark, and
then suddenly the lights flared. GLOW [parlamak]: This
forest is full of insects that glow in the dark. TR
alevlenmek, harlamak
SHORTEN
v [kısaltmak]: Can’t you shorten the long discussion at the
beginning of your thesis. ABBREVIATE [kısaltmak]: We
abbreviated several words to save space. His name is often
abbreviated to Hüso. ABRIDGE [kısaltmak]: Sometimes a
writer abridges a famous novel to make it easier for children
to read. CONDENSE [kısaltmak]: The editor condensed his
history into one page, which did not please the writer.
CURTAIL [azaltmak]: The government must curtail its
expenses because it can no longer impose nex taxes. SUM
UP [özetlemek]: I will sum up all that has been said so that
everyone understands our plan. SUMMARIZE [özetlemek]:
The director summarized the school rules for the new pupils.
TR özetlemek, kısa yapmak
SILLY
adj [aptal]: He gave a silly answer to the questions of the
journalists. ABSURD [saçma]: It is absurd to eat all the
junk food. FATUOUS [ahmakça]: He made a fatuous
remark about inflation. FOOLISH [aptalca]: That joke of
yours was a silly thing to do. IDIOTIC [aptalca]: I won’t
listen to any more of your idiotic ideas. INANE [boş,
anlamsız]: I’m sick of your inane chatter.
PREPOSTEROUS [saçma]: The excuse he gave for his
lateness was so preposterous that everyone laughed.
SENSELESS [aptalca, mantıksız]: The plan she suggested
was senseless. TR salak, aptal, akılsız, alık
SIMPLIFY
v [basitleştirmek]: I will simplify the instructions for this
test. DISENTANGLE [çözmek]: I think I’ve
disentangled the mystery by talking to each person
involved. SORT OUT []: We’ll soon sort out your
problems. STREAMLINE [tasarlamak]: We will get the
work done more quickly if we streamline the way we do
it. UNRAVEL [çözmek]: I eventually unravelled his
explanation and understood what he was saying. TR
kolaylaştırmak, sadeleştirmek
SKILLFUL
adj [becerikli]: She is a skillful pianist. ADEPT [usta,
becerikli]: She is adept at growing roses. ADROIT [usta,
becerikli]: The boycott against the next regulations at
school was avoided due to Mr. Cliff’s adroit handling of the
situation. APT [usta]: He is an apt speaker. CAPABLE
[becerikli]: My friend is a very capable doctor. DEFT
[ustaca yapılan, becerikli]: The deft performance of
showgirls charmed the audience. DEXTEROUS [eliçabuk]:
The magician was very dexterous. EFFICIENT [usta,
çalışkan]: She is an efficient worker. PROFICIENT [usta]:
She is proficient in using all the software that we have. TR
kabiliyetli, işgüzar, açıkgöz