Transcript DEA Tanzania background

BACKGROUND PAPER
DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY IN
AFRICA (DEA) Project –
First National Workshop
12th September, 2005
E. N. Sawe - TaTEDO
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PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 DEA Project
1.3 Profile of TaTEDO
2.0 Tanzania Energy status
3.0 Energy Policy and implementation
4.0 Impacts of energy programme
5.0 Conclusions and recommendations
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the Paper is to:

Provide brief information of DEA Project
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Present profile of TaTEDO as DEA Project Partner
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Summarized Tanzania energy Status

Highlight energy policy and implementation status

Show some impacts of energy initiatives on
improving energy access.
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1.2 The DEA Project
Background

Project under the EC COOPENER
PROGRAMME .
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Duration – 21/2 years since May 1st 2005.
Implementation and Coordination by
— RISØ National Laboratory - Denmark
— Energy Center of the Netherlands (ECN)
Supported by: Six African NGO Centres.
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DEA project ctd.
Aim of The Project


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To identify and examine the developmental
impacts of energy initiatives.
To use information obtained to improve on going
and future energy interventions .
To Develop and apply an assessment framework
for evaluating development and poverty reduction
impacts of energy interventions.
To engage in a dialogue with energy policy makers
and other stakeholders on the basis of the
framework, with view of incorporating these issues
in energy policy.
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DEA Project ctd…
Proposed Energy Assessment Within The
Energy and Sustainable Development Linkages
Operational Tool – Assessment Framework
Non-Energy Actors
VPO
MNT
Environment Conservation
-Natural Capital
-Forest
-Climate change
-Air pollution (indoor & out door
-Land degradation
DEA Project
Analysis from
1Literature
review
2Catalogue
3Consultations
4Workshops and
AF
5Case studies
Energy Actors
Public
MEM,
Private
Civil Societies, NGOs
CBOs.
Source : Sawe 2005
MHE MCT (ICT)
MW
Social Development
-Human Capital
-Education
-Health
-Water
-Communication
-Social Capital
Energy Interventions (Rural &
peri Urban)
-Policy, Laws, regulations,
pricising
-Strategy
-Programmes
-Project s– Innovation
technologies approaches
MF
MIaT
Economy growth
Financial Capital
Physical Capital
-(Industries and
agriculture)
-Production
-Income
Qualitative and
Quantitative
assessment that
leads to assessing
chain of effects.
(AF – Tool)
Impact +ve or (- ve)
on development
Impact on
Sustainable
Development
Livelihood assets
strategies
improvement
Poverty
Reduction
NSGRP
 MDGs
Energy Planning based on
people’s Needs, opportunities
and on development priorities
-(Participatory?)
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1.3 TaTEDO Profile
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TaTEDO is a sustainable energy development national
NGO based in Dar es Salaam with projects and
programmes in 8 regions of Tanzania.
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TaTEDO’s vision is communities with better access to
sustainable energy services for poverty reduction,
economic growth and social development while
conserving the environment.
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And her mission is to develop and promote greater
uptake and rational use of sustainable energy
technologies and environmentally sound practices
through provision of relevant information, knowledge
and skills geared towards sustainable development.
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1.3.1 Goals

To improve quality of life of the Tanzanians by
contributing to availability of improved and
sustainable energy services, employment and
income generating opportunities.
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To reduce environmental degradation resulting from
increased use of wood and fossil fuels.
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To contribute in reducing the country’s over
dependence on imported energy (electricity and
fossil fuels).
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1.3.2 Activities and Services
To achieve her goals, TaTEDO undertake the following activities:
Promote the use of modern energy services for
- Productive uses ( Industrial, agriculture and commerce)
- Consumptive and basic needs (households and communities)
- Institutional and Social needs (education, health, water, etc)
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Implement sustainable energy programmes and projects.
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Provide sustainable energy related consultancy services.
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Promote networking and partnership with local and international
organizations.
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Manage and provide energy information to stakeholders.
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Undertake lobbying and advocacy to influence energy related policies,
strategies and regulations.
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Support sustainable energy enterprises development.
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Conduct energy related applied and adaptive research on
technologies and delivery mechanism.
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1.3.3 Strength and Capacity
To be able to undertake her activities and achieve her goals,
TaTEDO’s policy is to continuously improve her capacity,
current status include:
Thirty committed staff of whom 22 are university graduates and
8 extension staff.
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Supportive and reliable partners from local, national and
international levels.
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Committed Board of Directors and members.
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A library with a good collection of over 4000 documents on
sustainable energy and related issues.
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Bi-annual sustainable energy newsletter ( English and Swahili).
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Modern office and communication facilities.
Partnership and networking with CBO, NGOs, Government and
private institutions.
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1.3.4
S.N
Some Energy Projects Being Implemented by Tatedo and Partners
Project / Programmes Titles
Funding Sources
Project Duration
HIVOS – Netherlands
NORAD – Norway
TaTEDO
July 2003 – June 2006.
2.
Integrated Sustainable Energy Services
for Poverty Reduction and Environment
Conversation Programme (ISES – PRECP)
African Rural Energy Enterprise
Development (AREED) Programme
Enabling Access to Sustainable Energy
Development (EASE)
DGIS, ETC Netherlands
June 2004 – June 2008
3.
4.
Bio fuels for transport study
GTZ
July – October 2005
1.
5.
6.
7.
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11.
Biodiversity Conservation for Mountain
Kilimanjaro Through Promotion of
Improved Stone- made Firewood stoves
Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)
Market Development of Solar Dryers and its
products in Ukerewe District, Mwanza
Region
Construction of Improved Firewood
stoves in 10 schools Kondoa District
Global Village Energy Partnership
(GVEP)
Energy for Water, health and Education
(ENABLE)
Sustainable Energy Professional
Exchange Programme
January – December 2007
UNF, UNEP & SIDA
October 2003 – Dec 2005.
UNDP/GEF
EC COOPENER
Programme. RISØ
May 2005 – November
2007.
UNDP /GEF
2005 – 2007
WFP
June - December 2005
UNDP
SEI, EU
August 2005 – July 2006
August 2005 – July 2006
Fredskopset - Norway
On-going
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2.0 TANZANIA ENERGY STATUS
2.1
Socio Economic Context
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A low income poor country with an area of 945,000Km2,
per Capita GDP – USD 280 (2003)
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Population of about 35 million inhabitants, annual
population growth rate of 2% (2002)
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More than 80% of the population are engaged in
Agriculture.
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75% of the population live in rural areas.
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Main product, goods and services – Agricultural
products, minerals tourism, fish, commerce, transport
and communication.
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2.2 Tanzania Energy Potential and Development Status
SN
Energy resources
Potential
Energy Sources
Energy
carrier
Demand
Percent
contribution
End use
Equipment
Services
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Hydro – 470 MW
Small Hydro – 240MW
Natural Gas – 45 m3
Coal – 1,200m tonnes
Solar – 187 MW
Biomass
- crops residues est. 15
million tonnes
561 MW
4 MW
192 MW
6MW
1.2 MW
Electricity
500MW
(peak)
2%
Machines
Bulbs
Stoves
Mechanical
Power
Refrigeration
Communicatio
n
Lighting
Pumped
Water
Cooking
7.0
8.0
Biomass
- 34 million hectares of
forest
-14 million Cattle
- Crops residues million
tonnes
Electricity
Electricity
36 MW
241. MW(Fossil
fuel Imported)
24 million
m3
Petroleum fuels: None
Source: Sawe 2005
Electricity
Stoves
Woodfuels
Charcoal
36 millions
m3
90%
Ovens
Cooking
6000 biogas
plants
Gas
Stoves
120 wind mills
Wind
Pumps
Pumped
Water
Pumped
Water
1.45 million
tonnes( Imported)
Petroleum
fuels
Petroleum
Diesel etc.
Pumps
Machines
Vehicles
Tractors
Stoves
Transportatio
n
Cooking
Lighting
Power
Wind between 1 to 6m/s
9.0
Suppresse
d
1.45
million
tonnes (
Imported)
8.0%
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2.3 Sectoral Energy Consumption Summary
S.N.
Sector Category
1.
Households
80
Percentage
of
commercial
Energy
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2.
Industries
9
27
3.
Transport
6
50
4.
Agriculture
4
4
5.
Commerce and Others
1
5
100
100
Total
Percentage
of
Total Energy
Source: MEM
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2.4 Some Poverty and Energy Indicators
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More than 50% of the population is living in poverty,
35.7% of which is unable to access all of the basic
needs.
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Traditional biomass is the fuel of the poor, firewood in
rural and charcoal in urban areas
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Human physical power is the main source of energy for
agriculture and transport in rural areas.
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The poor spend more than 35% of their household
income on energy, while the better off spend about
14.45%.
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Up to 50 units of electricity are subsidized-lifeline tarrif
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Energy is considered essential in achieving both the
MDGs and NSGRP objectives and targets.
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3.0
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ENERGY POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION
Focus on market mechanism to reach objectives and
achieve sectoral efficiency with balance between
national and commercial interests.
Policy is supportive of rural energy with the following
statements:
— Support research and development and
application of alternative energy in rural areas.
— Promote entrepreneurship and private sector
initiatives.
—
Ensure continues electrification of rural
economic centers and low income customers.
— Facilitate increased availability of grid and nongrid electrification for rural areas.
— Establish norms, codes of practice and
guidelines for rural energy supplies.
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3.1 Energy Strategies
There is no deliberate energy policy implementation strategy,
however the emerging strategy include: Promoting affordable and reliable energy supplies
countrywide.
 Reforming the market for energy services and establish
adequate framework to facilitate investment, service
expansion, efficient pricing mechanism and other financial
incentives.
 Enhancing development and utilization of indigenous and
renewable energy resources and technologies.
 Taking account of environmental concerns in all energy
activities
 Promoting energy efficiency.
 Increasing energy education and building gender balanced
capacity in energy planning, implementation and
monitoring.
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3.2 Policy Implementation Programmes and Projects
The following are some projects and programmes
aimed at energy policy implementation:
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Establishment of Rural Energy Agency and Rural
Energy Fund.
MEM institutional capacity strengthening project .
Study for preparing Rural electrification master plan.
Solar PV market development project.
Implementation of the GVEP project .
Power utility reforms and restructuring.
Establishment of EWURA.
Others
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3.3
Current Energy Policy Implementation
Limitations
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No deliberate policy implementation strategy in place.
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Appropriate laws and regulations are not yet in place.
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No programmes for policy implementation.
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The existing capacity is inadequate for policy
implementation.
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Implementation coordination with other sectors and
stakeholders could be improved.
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Mechanism for monitoring and evaluating policy
implementation need to be put in place.
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4.0
IMPACTS OF ENERGY PROGRAMMES AND
PROJECTS
Over the years there have been several efforts to improve
the rural energy situations, some of such efforts
include: Rural electrification projects.
 Enhancing woodfuels supply through better forest
management and afforestration projects.
 Demand side management through promoting efficient
woodfuels production and use technologies
 Promoting use of woodfuels substitutes such as
kerosene, biogas, coal, LPG and electricity.
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4.1 Impacts of Energy Programmes and
Projects
Despite the above efforts, there have been minimal
impacts on rural energy situation.
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Woodfuels depletion continues and areas of scarcity are
on the increase.
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More than 90 percent of the Tanzanians have no access
to electricity, only 2 % of rural area have.
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There is weak rural energy infrastructure.
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More than 90% of the total energy consumed is from
biomass.
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Human physical power is still the main source of energy
for agriculture and transportation in rural areas.
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4.2 Barriers To Improving Rural Energy Situation
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Top down approaches to rural energy planning and
implementation not addressing the real development needs,
priorities and causes in area specific social cultural setting.
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Inadequate commitment and resources allocation from the
government and development partners.
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Financial limitations, lack of rural energy financing
mechanism (affordable credits), low affordability of the rural
population.
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Technical constraints, inadequate human resources and
facilities for rural energy skills capacity building.
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Policy and institutional limitations, inadequate institutional
framework, policies, laws and regulations.
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Poor private sector participation due to limited rural energy
awareness information, data and poor market.
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5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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It is a great challenge to provide modern energy in rural areas,
Integrated rural development should be the overall priority in
meeting the energy challenge. Multi-sectoral cooperation is
essential.
Greater efforts should be in increasing investments from
donors , government and private sector.
Policy formulation process and supportive implementation
instruments should be in place and enforced.
More efforts should be made to promote local energy
institutions and entrepreneurs.
More efforts on developing effective financial and technical
delivery mechanism need to be made.
Special efforts need to be made to put in place appropriate
policy and regulations for the use of biofuels for transport and
rural energy needs.
All efforts should be made to fully involve local people in all
stages of designing and implementing of rural energy
initiatives.
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Thank you for your Attention
Tanzania Traditional Energy Development and
Environment Organization (TaTEDO)
Off Shekilango Road
P.O.Box 32794
Dar es Salaam,
Tel: + 255 22 2700438 / 2700771
Email: [email protected]
URL.www.tatedo.org
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