Transcript No Slide Title

Single Stream & Beyond
California Roundtable
May 23, 2005
Sacramento, California
Donna Perala
City of San Jose
A Little About San Jose . . .
• 11th Largest City in US
• 945,000 Residents
• 200,000 SFD Households
• 3,200 MFD Complexes
• 90,000 MFD Households
Citywide Diversion (preliminary) for 2003: 59%
Residential Service Districts
Multi-Family
City Wide Collection
Green Team of San Jose
District A
Norcal of San Jose
(80% of City)
District B
GreenTeam of San Jose
(20% of City)
Yard Trimmings Collection
Green Waste Recovery - A B
Norcal - C
District C
San Jose Materials
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Glass
Mixed paper
Newspaper
Mixed plastics
Metal cans
Scrap metal
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Cardboard
Polystyrene
Plastic bags
Aseptic packaging
Textiles
This Past Year . . .
• Service is meeting performance standards
– Missed collections at minimal levels
– Routes completed by required times
– Other services completed on time
• Haulers have identified problems with
contamination in some areas of the City
– Pay-as-you-throw system can encourage residents
to put extra garbage in recycling cart
– 96-gallon recycling cart may provide
contamination opportunities
4-Sort System vs. Single Stream Comparisons
(SFD Tons)
4 - Sort
Startup
Year 2
% Change
FY01-02
FY02-03
FY03-04
FY01-02 to 03-04
Garbage
176,659
167,558
162,939
-7.8%
Recycling
86,172
110,915
107,815
25.1%
6,749
33,262
16,614
146.2%
SFD Diversion 30.2%
27.9%
33.7%
11.5%
Total Diversion
w/ MFD & YT
43.9%
49.5%
10.0%
Residue
45.0%
San Jose’s Single Stream Challenges
• Trade-off for collection efficiencies and
convenience = higher contamination
• Some Rejected Paper Shipments
• Highest and Best Use goals compromised
San Jose’s Single Stream Challenges
• Outreach and education to targeted
audiences more critical than ever
• Business model challenges & opportunities
Business Model Case Studies
Business Model #1
• Collection contractor owns and operates MRF
Business Model #2
• Collection contractor subcontracts processing
Business Model #1
Owner Operated
Contractor has incentive to maximize
diversion because:
 Gets contract extension ($$$) if meets 35%
diversion requirement
 Receives bonus payment if achieves over 40%
diversion
 Stays within Permit and avoids solid waste fees
if under 10% residual
Business Model #1 (cont’d.)
Owner Operated
 Contractor pays $35 / ton to dispose of
residual
 Contractor motivated to invest in new
processing technology and even pay to divert
material
 03-04 Average Residue:
 03-04 SFD Diversion:
7.6%
41.6%
Business Model #1 (cont’d.)
Owner Operated
Innovations include:
 MFD Compostable Pilot introduced in 2003 to
meet 35% MFD diversion requirement
 Installed optical plastic sorter last year
 Plans to install optical paper sorters to clean
up loads
 Pays to recycle hard-to-market commodities
Business Model #2
Processing Subcontracted
Subcontractor has minimal incentive to
maximize diversion because:
 No direct relationship with the City, so not
involved in many contract issues
 Hauler, not processor, would receive bonus
payment if Sub achieves over 40% diversion
 Sub now has Solid Waste Facility Permit so no
LEA problems if over 10% residual
Business Model #2 (cont.d)
Processing Subcontracted
 Subcontractor does NOT pay for disposal of
residual
 Subcontractor has minimal incentive to invest
in new processing technology or look for
innovative ways to divert material
 03-04 Average Residue:
17.3%
 03-04 Diversion:
31.6%
Solutions tried so far….
Outreach
• Over $2M spent on transition outreach
• Over $350,000 / year spent on on-going
outreach
• Annual hauler outreach requirements
• Door-to-door outreach in 2003, visiting
2,000 households in targeted areas
Solutions tried so far….
Enforcement
• An average of 360 Non-Collection Notices
per month are issued by haulers
• Cart upsize policy in place, but emphasizing
outreach and education first
What Have We Learned?
• Contract incentives help make Single
Stream work
- take great care when reviewing terms of
any subcontracts
- take great care to maintain control of
materials stream
What Have We Learned?
• Outreach and education play a vital role in
transitioning to Single Stream and beyond
• Consider offering a 64-gallon recycling cart
as default size rather than a 96!
Is It Worth It?
All-in-all …..
Single Stream is still worth the trade-offs
• Fewer worker injuries; reduced labor costs
• Participation and diversion have increased
• Tonnages of recyclable materials collected
have increased
• Updated technology and on-going education
will help address quality issues
Thank you!
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Questions?